In contrast to the simple supply / demand figure above, it was commonly found that teenagers withdrew from the labor force in response to the minimum wage, which produced the possibility of equal reductions in the supply as well as the demand for labor at a higher minimum wage and hence no impact on the unemployment rate.

This era of supply chain evolution is characterized by both increasing value-adding and cost reductions through integration.

The good news is, however, that the majority of experts believe that significant reductions in net greenhouse gas emissions are technically feasible due to an extensive array of technologies and policy measures in the energy supply, energy demand and agricultural and forestry sectors.

This led the supply-siders to advocate large reductions in marginal income and capital gains tax rates to encourage allocation of assets to investment, which would produce more supply.

Former cooperation evolved into a far more adversarial relationship as the Soviet Union increased oil production and export ( by 1980 the Soviet Union was the world's largest producer of oil ) to take advantage of the supply problems in the West created by OPEC's production reductions.

Monetarists were placated by tight controls of the money supply ; cold warriors, especially neoconservatives like Kirkpatrick, won large increases in the defense budget ; wealthy taxpayers won sweeping three-year tax rate reductions on both individual ( marginal rates would eventually come down to 50 % from 70 %) and corporate taxes ; and the middle class saw that its pensions and entitlements would not be targeted.

Disagreeing with Barro's study were Berkeley economist Jesse Rothstein, who found the “ vast majority ” of unemployment was due to “ demand shocks ” not “ UI-induced supply reductions .” A study by Rothstein of extensions of unemployment insurance to 99 weeks during the Great Recession to test the hypothesis that unemployment insurance discourages people from seeking jobs found the overall effect of UI on unemployment was to raise it by no more than one-tenth of one percent.

Threats to the Canadian population of this species include reduced insect prey and reductions in water supply due to agricultural drainage, excessive irrigation and climate change, as well as logging and habitat fragmentation.

A 2004 analysis asserted that " most of the hydrogen supply chain pathways would release significantly less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than would gasoline used in hybrid electric vehicles " and that significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions would be possible if carbon capture or carbon sequestration methods were utilized at the site of energy or hydrogen production.

Measuring the embodied emissions of products enables reductions to be identified and achieved across the supply chain.

" " Use of potent anti-HIV combination therapies has contributed to dramatic reductions in the incidence of AIDS and AIDS-related deaths in populations where these drugs are widely available, an effect which clearly would not be seen if antiretroviral drugs caused AIDS.

U. S .- Soviet negotiations on mutual troop reductions and the strategic nuclear arsenal caused severe tensions.

Community leaders have made concerted efforts to create a more diversified economic base, striving to wean the old capital from its dependence on government institutions such as Central State Hospital and state prisons-a task made more urgent by recent prison closures and job reductions at Central State, caused by tightening state budgets.

At the same time, he antagonized the fellows, and the capital programme caused reductions in their incomes, which they resented.

However, reductions in genome size specially in parasites and symbionts can also be caused by direct selection to get rid of genes that have become unnecessary.

Use of potent anti-HIV combination therapies has contributed to dramatic reductions in the incidence of AIDS and AIDS-related deaths in populations where these drugs are widely available, an effect which would be unlikely if antiretroviral drugs caused AIDS.

It also showed that increased accident cost caused large and significant reductions in accident frequency but no change in speed choice.

Interestingly, this seems to have caused no inbreeding problems, leading to speculation that the species has passed through several such population reductions in its evolutionary past and thus losing any alleles that could cause deleterious inbreeding effects.

These reductions are probably caused by reduced absorption and lower plasma concentrations of the carrier, LDL.

This erroneous policies has caused setbacks through a process of self-constriction and has inflicted unprecedentedly heavy losses in the strength of the Party and the people's army and gross reductions of mass base.

The hl-cluster, hr-cluster and hn-cluster reductions are three reductions that occurred in Middle English that caused the consonant clusters, and to be reduced to,, and.

This proposal was designed to gain the necessary attention from the West while preventing the tremendous damage that could be caused by more radical reductions likely to be advanced by the other OPEC members.

This, along with the need for budget reductions caused the reduction in the numbers of front line tactical recon aircraft.

As a consequence of its great impact, this theory brings back the uncertainty principle to distances around extrema of action, distances corresponding to reductions in entropy.

The economic success of the reductions, which was considerable, although not as great as it has often been described, combined with the Jesuits ' independence to become a cause of fear.

However, a new development in psychological research has shown that patients show great reductions in vasovagal syncope through exposure-based exercises with therapists if the trigger is mental or emotional, e. g. sight of blood.

One example is the “ quantum size effect ” where the electronic properties of solids are altered with great reductions in particle size.

Some of the key initiatives of the blueprint were a national project of sustainability reform ; a long-term, strategic commitment to land and water repair ; greenhouse gas reductions and energy efficiency ; environmental tax reform ; reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians ; and building social capital to ensure all Australians benefit from their great natural advantages.

Barber wrote to Preston, " Upon examination it was found that the relief of the models was so great that it would be a waste of time to make reductions for coinage, as it would be quite impossible to coin when the dies are made.

Look-ahead solvers have especially strengthened reductions ( going beyond unit-clause propagation ) and the heuristics, and they are generally stronger than conflict-driven solvers on hard instances ( while conflict-driven solvers can be much better on large instances which actually have an easy instance inside ).

This was followed by a budgetary crisis that the government was unable to deal with, partly because of the large spending programmes the government had previously instituted, partly because he was unable to obtain support from within his government for necessary spending reductions and also because the federal Government declined to " bail out " the Victorian government as they believed Cain's overspending was significantly to blame.

An example of these clashes includes one initiated by Benigno Ramos through his Sakdalista movement, which advocated tax reductions, land reforms, the breakup of the large estates or haciendas, and the severing of American ties.

At large step size reductions it is possible to issue many microstep commands before any motion occurs at all and then the motion can be a " jump " to a new position.

The subsequent closure of uneconomic railway lines, the Beeching axe, and especially the computerisation of railway offices led to large scale reductions in the eligible membership.

The SPL associated with engine noise is proportional to the jet speed ( to a high power ) therefore, even modest reductions in exhaust velocity will see a large reduction in Jet Noise.

These are price reductions given for large purchases.

Despite large reductions in Soviet conventional forces since 1956, the construction of the Berlin Wall, made under initiative of the East German authorities, created a source of tension with the West.

In mice, oral resveratrol produced large reductions in CNS plaque formation in the hypothalamus (− 90 %), striatum (− 89 %), and medial cortex (− 48 %) sections of the brain.

Other aspects of lifestyle also changed, notably, large reductions in physical activity and large increases in the prevalence of obesity.

The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities and President ’ s Council of Economic Advisers argue that tax cuts do not pay for themselves stating that the " large reductions in income tax rates in 1981 were followed by abnormally slow growth in income tax receipts ".

Recognizing that the threat to NATO was significantly reduced with the end of the Cold War, the U. S. Congress mandated large reductions in the American military budget and American military troop strength based in Europe.

rATG in particular effects large reductions ( through cell lysis ) in the number of circulating T-lymphocytes, hence preventing ( or at least delaying ) the cellular rejection of transplanted organs.

It is a candidate power plant for propulsion of cruise ships and other large commercial vessels, where fuel efficiency and its small size mean improved operational flexibility and significant lifetime cost reductions to operators.

As part of the 2008 federal climate plan, in addition to internal reductions, large regulated industrial emitters in Canada are able to choose to buy emission units on the domestic carbon market.

It can be used to refer to long-term demographic trends, as in urban decay or rural flight, but it is also commonly employed to describe large reductions in population due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes.

The 2003 Texas indicated: " The majority of studies found reported large reductions ( 40 percent to 100 percent ) of accidents after installing transverse rumble strips.

With ever more traffic going by rail, the canal's only significant weapon was low tolls: while this slowed the decline in volumes, it did so only by large reductions in income, and consideration was given to amalgamations with other canals.

A large study of psychiatric patients treated with this surgery showed significant reductions in fear, alertness and arousal.

' Exact security ' or ' concrete security ' is the name given to provable security reductions where one quantifies security by computing precise bounds on computational effort, rather than an asymptotic bound which is guaranteed to hold for ' sufficiently large ' values of the security parameter.