But during nighttime hours the skywave radiations are reflected from the ionosphere, thereby creating the possibility of one station's rendering service, via skywave, at a much greater distance than it can through its groundwave signal, and at the same time vastly complicating the interference problem because of the still greater distance over which these skywave signals may cause interference to the signals of stations on the same and closely adjacent frequencies.

The missile detects the reflected signal from the target with a high gain antenna in a similar fashion and steers the entire missile toward closure with the target.

This is different from other light-reflecting objects that do not preserve much of the original wave signal other than color and diffuse reflected light.

Active radar transmits a signal that is reflected back to the receiver.

The primary purpose is to measure both the amplitude and frequency of the aggregate reflected signal from multiple distances.

: Main articles: Semaphore line ( visual telegraphy using signal arms or shutters ), flag semaphore ( using hand-held flags ), signal lamp ( visual naval communications ) and heliograph ( visual communications using reflected sunlight )

Unless this is done, reflected signals will travel back and forth across the wire, positively or negatively interfering with the information-carrying signal.

If termination was missing, or if there was a break in the cable, the AC signal on the bus was reflected, rather than dissipated, when it reached the end.

This reflected signal was indistinguishable from a collision, and so no communication would be able to take place.

If termination is missing, or if there is a break in the cable, the AC signal on the bus is reflected, rather than dissipated when it reaches the end.

This reflected signal is indistinguishable from a collision, and so no communication is possible.

When the reflected signal returns to the transmitting end, it is reflected again and returns to the receiving end at a level that is ( 28 plus twice the fiber loss ) dB below the direct signal.

The reflected signal will also be delayed by twice the delay time introduced by the fiber.

:: Note: < span id =" linear_bus_note "></ span > The two endpoints of the common transmission medium are normally terminated with a device called a terminator that exhibits the characteristic impedance of the transmission medium and which dissipates or absorbs the energy that remains in the signal to prevent the signal from being reflected or propagated back onto the transmission medium in the opposite direction, which would cause interference with and degradation of the signals on the transmission medium.

# In an optical fiber, the loss that takes place at any discontinuity of refractive index, especially at an air-glass interface such as a fiber endface, at which a fraction of the optical signal is reflected back toward the source.

At those interfaces, a fraction of the optical signal is reflected back toward the source.

Within this region, no signal can be received because, due to the actual conditions of the local ionosphere, the relevant sky waves are not reflected but penetrate the ionosphere.

Successive legal codes in Babylon, including the code of Hammurabi ( c. 1790 BC ), reflected Mesopotamian society's belief that law derived from the will of the gods ( see Babylonian law ).

The courts will assess each claim on its own particular facts and therefore if one claimant recovers more quickly than another, the damages will be reflected accordingly.

Half of the photons will pass and another half will be reflected.

If the angles are too steep or too shallow, the light will pass through and not be reflected back toward the viewer.

During this time Very Low Frequency ( 3 – 30 kHz ) signals will be reflected by the D layer instead of the E layer, where the increased atmospheric density will usually increase the absorption of the wave and thus dampen it.

This means that much light will be reflected back into the material at the material / air surface interface.

Whenever a cell is attached to the glass surface, reflected light from the glass and that from the attached cell will interfere.

In classical theory, any change in the marginal cost structure ( how much it costs to make each additional unit ) or the marginal revenue structure ( how much people will pay for each additional unit ) will be immediately reflected in a new price and / or quantity sold of the item.

It also directly implies, by the wave nature of light, that parallel light arriving along the lines Q < sub > n </ sub >-P < sub > n </ sub > will be reflected to converge at F. A linear wavefront along L is concentrated, after reflection, to the one point where all parts of it have travelled equal distances and are in phase, namely F. No consideration of angles is required.

If the wavelength is much shorter than the target's size, the wave will bounce off in a way similar to the way light is reflected by a mirror.

Adjusting the timing between when the transmitter sends a pulse and when the receiver stage is enabled will generally reduce the sunburst without affecting the accuracy of the range, since most sunburst is caused by a diffused transmit pulse reflected before it leaves the antenna.

Now we only need to compute the intersection of the latter ray with our field of view, to get the pixel which our reflected light ray will hit.

A second type of solution occurs for energy levels in the so-called " forbidden " gaps between " allowed " states-in this case, the electron cannot travel indefinitely through the crystal with that energy and will either be reflected at the edges of the region, or possibly must pass through the region in a phenomenon called " Quantum tunnelling ".

However, their price will be reflected in that quality.

When a light beam crosses a boundary between materials with different kinds of refractive indices, the light beam will be partially refracted at the boundary surface, and partially reflected.

However, if the angle of incidence is greater ( i. e. the ray is closer to being parallel to the boundary ) than the critical angle – the angle of incidence at which light is refracted such that it travels along the boundary – then the light will stop crossing the boundary altogether and instead be totally reflected back internally.

If there is an object in the path of this pulse, part or all of the pulse will be reflected back to the transmitter as an echo and can be detected through the receiver path.

However he also mentioned in the same report: " Meanwhile attention is being turned to the still difficult, but less unpromising, problem of radio detection and numerical considerations on the method of detection by reflected radio waves will be submitted when required.

A distributed reflected denial of service attack ( DRDoS ) involves sending forged requests of some type to a very large number of computers that will reply to the requests.

For a given mirror ratio ( the maximum field strength divided by the minimum field strength ), particles with a pitch angle ( angle between the particle velocity and the magnetic field ) greater than a critical value will be reflected, those with a smaller pitch angle will escape.

Travelers entering from the desert were confounded by what must have seemed an illusion: a great garden filled with nightingales and roses, cut by canals and terraced promenades, studded with water tanks of turquoise tile in which were reflected the glistening blue curves of a hundred domes.

`` I have just come from viewing a man who had made the fortune of his country, but now is working all night in order to support his family '', he reflected.

An example of the changes which have crept over the Southern region may be seen in the Southern Negro's quest for a position in the white-dominated society, a problem that has been reflected in regional fiction especially since 1865.

It sounded like a fair enough invitation, Peter Marshall reflected, and Bang-Jensen must have thought so too, because on the thirteenth, he met the group of three on the thirty-sixth floor of the U.N..

And, if we follow the Rayburn pattern, as consciously or by an instinctual political sense I like to think I have followed it, then the very nature of our loyalty to our own immediate areas must necessarily be reflected in the devotion of our services to our country.

The markets for electronic parts in 1960 have reflected the changing patterns of the various end equipment segments of the industry.

Stress on the environment may have been reflected in the social structure, leading to conflict and warfare.

Beauty and Truth have been argued to be nearly synonymous, as reflected in the statement " Beauty is truth, truth beauty " in the poem Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats.

The re-launched theaters would promote German language plays and musical productions that reflected Austrian ( or as Joseph II would have said ) German values, traditions and outlook.

Television series executive producer Marti Noxon later reflected that this story might have been produced by the studio in order to frighten Whedon into taking the reins of the project.

Jefferson is known to have done an unusual amount of traveling for the time in the American South, which is reflected in the difficulty of pigeonholing his music into one regional category.

Some 20th-century ethnologists, like Julian Steward, have instead argued that such similarities reflected similar adaptations to similar environments ( see cultural evolution ).

This was reflected in Constantinople by the construction of the Blachernae palace, the creation of brilliant new works of art, and general prosperity at this time: an increase in trade, made possible by the growth of the Italian city-states, may have helped the growth of the economy.

Critics of Boswell have pointed out that many earlier doctrinal sources condemn homosexuality in ethical terms without prescribing a punishment, and that Boswell's citations reflected a general trend towards harsher penalties from the 12th century onwards.

Coins have long been linked to the concept of money, as reflected by the fact that in some other languages the words " coin " and " currency " are synonymous.

The alleged connection with Jewish Christianity would have reflected Jewish Christian concerns with the inviolability of ( Jewish ) monotheism.

The popularity of his books is reflected in the number of editions and translations that have appeared since the sixteenth century.

Roger Ebert gave The Rainmaker three stars out of four, remarking: " I have enjoyed several of the movies based on Grisham novels ... but I've usually seen the storyteller's craft rather than the novelist's art being reflected.

This is reflected in total factor productivity and the Solow residual used in economic models called production functions that account for the contributions of capital and labor, yet have some unexplained contributor which is commonly called technological progress.

* development of the voiceless aspirated plosives and to the voiceless fricatives and, respectively ; the similar development of to may have taken place later ( these phonological changes are not reflected in the orthography: both the earlier and later phonemes are written with φ, θ, and χ )

The assassination of the Babylonian governor around 582 by a disaffected member of the former royal house of David provoked a Babylonian crackdown, possibly reflected in the Book of Lamentations, but the situation seems to have soon stabilised again.

This diversity is reflected in the names given to the islands, which are derived from the languages that have been spoken there in historic and perhaps prehistoric times.

The latter hypothesis seems the more plausible evolution determinant as the surface area of the head is minute compared to the remainder of the body, thus the energy required in producing long hair for the express purpose of " optical " amplification of UV light reflected from the snow seems counterproductive ( however, it's very likely that the trait was sustained due to a nuanced combination of multiple influences, given that human hunting-skills and ingenuity were such by 50, 000 years ago that said benefits in terms of ' comfort ' could have alternatively been derived from constructing head and ear warmers of fur from prey, etc .).

This perception is reflected in Say's Law and in the writing of David Ricardo, which is that individuals produce so that they can either consume what they have manufactured or sell their output so that they can buy someone else's output.

In one of the Wimsey Papers, a series of fictionalised commentaries in the form of mock letters between members of the Wimsey family published in the Spectator, there is a reference to Harriet's difficulty in continuing to write murder mysteries at a time when European dictators were openly committing mass murders with impunity ; this seems to have reflected Sayers ' own wartime feeling.