After the American Civil War, the settlement of the western territories by migrants from the east led to dialect mixing and levelling, so that regional dialects are most strongly differentiated in the eastern parts of the country that were settled earlier.

One particular contribution towards formalizing these differences came from Noah Webster, who wrote the first American dictionary ( published 1828 ) with the intention of showing that people in the United States spoke a different dialect from Britain, much like a regional accent.

The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class.

A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect ; a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect or topolect.

An opposite example is the case of Chinese, whose variations such as Mandarin and Cantonese are often called dialects and not languages, despite their mutual unintelligibility, because the word for them in Mandarin, 方言 fāngyán, was mistranslated as " dialect " because it meant " regional speech ".

A group speaking a separate " language " is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate " people ", and thus to be more deserving of its own independent state, while a group speaking a " dialect " tends to be seen not as " a people " in its own right, but as a sub-group, part of a bigger people, which must content itself with regional autonomy.

In some cases, colonies were established where variants of regional ( i. e. non-central ) Italian languages were used, and some continue to use a derived dialect.

However, both versions of " school-standard " Chinese are often quite different from the Mandarin dialects that are spoken in accordance with regional habits, and neither is wholly identical to the Beijing dialect.

Research in the 20th century has focused on dating the manuscripts ( 19th-century scholars tended to date them older ); locating where the manuscripts were created — there were seven major scriptoria from which they originate: Winchester, Exeter, Worcester, Abingdon, Durham, and two Canterbury houses, Christ Church and St. Augustine's Abbey ; and identifying the regional dialects used: Northumbrian, Mercian, Kentish, West Saxon ( the last being the main dialect ).

Matthews ' claim was met with little enthusiasm, despite considerable linguistic evidence which demonstrates that the author spoke a regional dialect which matches with the writing of Le Morte d ' Arthur.

While the region is predominantly French-speaking, it also has two significant minority language communities: the western Flemings, whose presence is evident in the many Dutch placenames in the area and who speak West Flemish, a dialect of Dutch ( perhaps 20, 000 inhabitants of Nord-Pas-de-Calais use Flemish daily and an estimated 40, 000 use it occasionally, both, primarily in and around the arrondissement of Dunkirk ); and the Picards, who speak the Picard language, or Ch ' ti ( speakers, " chitimi ", have been working to revive the nearly-extinct regional speech since the 1980s ).

The combination of the common spoken Finnish and a dialect gives a regional variant ( aluepuhekieli ), which has some local idiosyncrasies but is essentially similar to the common spoken Finnish.

* Tetun-Belu, or the Belunese dialect, is spoken in a central strip of the island of Timor from the Ombai Strait to the Timor Sea, and is split between East Timor and West Timor, where it is considered a bahasa daerah or " regional language ", with no official status in Indonesia, although it is used by the Diocese of Atambua in Roman Catholic rites.

Another Dutch dialect granted the status of regional language is Limburgish, which is spoken in the south-eastern province of Limburg.

* Midland American English, a regional dialect

In 2003, Japanese researcher and mountaineer Dr. Makoto Nebuka published the results of his twelve year linguistic study, postulating that the word " Yeti " is a corruption of the word " meti ", a regional dialect term for a " bear ".

The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class.

A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a " sociolect "; a regional dialect may be termed a " regiolect " or " topolect ".

Sociolinguists might also study the grammar, phonetics, vocabulary, and other aspects of this sociolect much as dialectologists would study the same for a regional dialect.

However, despite these unifying forces, France today still remains marked by social class and by important regional differences in culture ( cuisine, dialect / accent, local traditions ) that many fear will be unable to withstand contemporary social forces ( depopulation of the countryside, immigration, centralization, market forces and the world economy ).

Regional identification is most pronounced today in cultures linked to regional languages and non-French-speaking traditions-French language itself being only a dialect of Langue d ' oïl, the mother language of many of the languages to-be-mentioned, which became a national vehicular language, like ( in alphabetical order ): Alsatian, Arpitan, Basque, Brezhoneg ( Breton ), Burgundian, Corsu ( Corsican ), Català ( Catalan ), Francique, Gallo, Lorrain, Norman, Occitan, Picard, Poitevin, Saintongeais, etc., and some of these regions have promoted movements calling for some degree of regional autonomy, and, occasionally, national independence ( see, for example, Breton nationalism, Corsica and Occitania ).

Episodes of widespread famine and disease devastated the population of the German states and, to a lesser extent, the Low Countries, Bohemia and Italy, while bankrupting many of the regional powers involved.

Several dialects of Low Saxon ( Nedersaksisch in Dutch ) are spoken in much of the north and east and are recognized by the Netherlands as regional languages according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

Show Low is home to one of Northland Pioneer College's four regional campuses, the White Mountain Campus.

Low water levels have caused groundwater contamination through the springs adding to the regional controversies over water use, endangered suckers ( fish ) and struggling salmon species, and farming.

Printed music moved around Europe during the migration of Franco-Flemish composers from their home areas in the modern day Low Countries to Italy, Germany, Spain, Poland and elsewhere ; the polyphonic style of the Franco-Flemish became an international language, with later regional variations.

A weekly regional newspaper, The Low Down to Hull and Back News ( a play on the Gatineau River communities from Low downstream to Hull ) is also published in the village.

* Standard German, also represented by regional dialects such as Low German.

At the request of Schleswig-Holstein the German government has declared Low German as a regional language.

Low German has been recognised by the Netherlands and by Germany ( since 1999 ) as a regional language according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

Today efforts are made in Germany and in the Netherlands to protect Low German as a regional language.

The Low Desert is a common name for one the Deserts of California regional areas, that includes the Colorado Desert and Yuha Desert in the Southern California portion of the Sonoran Desert.

* Low German ( also referred to as Low Saxon ), an officially recognized regional language in Germany and the Netherlands, the direct descendant of Old Saxon.

* Low German ( Dutch: Nedersaksisch, German: Niederdeutsche Sprache, ISO 639-2 language code: NDS ), a regional language spoken in the north of Germany and the northeast of the Netherlands

Soon afterwards, Susato was joined by Pierre Phalèse at Leuven and Christopher Plantin, also in Antwerp, and the Low Countries became a regional center of music publishing.

For example, the various regional varieties ( dialects ) of German, such as Alemannic, Austro-Bavarian, Central Hessian, East Hessian, North Hessian, Kölsch and Low German, are heteronomous with respect to standard German.

Its new name is Click by Mexicana and it is an attempt to create a Mexican low-cost carrier, starting operations in July 2005. in 2008, with mexicanas restructuration Click, was announced that it would stop being a Low Cost airline, and change its name to MexicanaClick operating as a regional feeder, for domestic destinations in Mexico.

An epic satirical work, an adaptation of the traditional Dutch language / Low German fox epic to a setting in Luxembourg, it is known for its insightful analysis of the unique characteristics of the people of Luxembourg, using regional and sub regional dialects to depict the fox and his companions.

It is a dialect of the Westphalian branch of the Low German language group, which together with Limburgs is one of the two officially recognised regional languages of the Netherlands.

As part of a restructuring of Mexicana in 2008, it was announced that Click would stop service as a separate Low Cost airline and begin serving domestic destinations in Mexico as a regional feeder under the name MexicanaClick.

However, this term is used in Australia ( Sydney for example ) to describe the regional trains operating beyond the boundaries of the suburban services, even though some of these " inter-city " services stop all stations similar to German regional services.

In addition, there is a small community of Danish speakers in Southern Schleswig, the portion of Germany bordering Denmark, where it is an officially recognised regional language, just as German is north of the border.

The FDP was founded on 11 December 1948 through the merger of nine regional liberal parties formed in 1945 from the remnants of the pre-1933 German People's Party ( DVP ) and the German Democratic Party ( DDP ), which had been active in the Weimar Republic.

The Bundestag is directly elected by the German people, whilst the Bundesrat represents the regional states ( Länder ).

German regional cuisine can be divided into many varieties such as Bavarian cuisine ( southern Germany ), Thuringian ( central Germany ), Lower Saxon cuisine or those of Saxony-Anhalt.

One of the regional Piast dukes invited the Teutonic Knights to help him fight the Baltic Prussian pagans, which caused centuries of Poland's warfare with the Knights and then with the German Prussian state.

Ribbentrop played an important role in setting in motion the crisis that was to result in the end of Czecho-Slovakia by ordering German diplomats in Bratislava to contact Father Jozef Tiso, the Premier of the Slovak regional government, and pressuring him to declare independence from Prague.

However, the plans resulted in an outcry from the German minority population of Opolskie, who feared that should their region be abolished, they would lose all hope of regional representation ( in the proposed Silesian Region, they would have formed a very small minority amongst a great number of ethnic Poles ).

The BBC's use of announcers with strong regional accents, such as Yorkshire-born Wilfred Pickles, during the Second World War ( in order to distinguish BBC broadcasts from German propaganda ) is an earlier example of the use of non-RP accents.

Inspired by their example, regional families of Central European builders went further, creating churches and palaces that took the local German Baroque style to the greatest heights of Rococo elaboration and sensation.

The German term Hessen is used by the European Commission because their policy is to leave regional names untranslated ( paragraphs 1. 31 & 1. 35 ).

This objective resulted in the redrawing of the continent's political map, establishing the boundaries of France, the Duchy of Warsaw, the Netherlands, the states of the Rhine, the German province of Saxony, and various Italian territories, and the creation of spheres of influence through which Austria, Britain, France and Russia brokered local and regional problems.

He also had doubts about Germany's ability to gain air superiority over the English Channel and the lack of regional German naval superiority.

The national and regional governments are dominated by two political parties, the PS, a Social Democratic party, that resembles the British Labour or the German SPD, and the PSD, a conservative party, member of the European People's Party, that have similar base politics in some themes: both are Pro-Europe and support the market economy.

The seeds, whole or ground, are used in a wide variety of regional and ethnic confectioneries, including the black jelly bean, British aniseed balls, Australian humbugs, New Zealand aniseed wheels, Italian pizzelle, German Pfeffernüsse and Springerle, Austrian Anisbögen,

Among these early groups, the Irish band Cruachan and the German band Subway to Sally each spearheaded a different regional variation that over time became known as Celtic metal and medieval metal respectively.

The regional member of the Polish Parliament represented the German minority.

In December 1927 the Polish Ministry of Interior organized a conference of local and regional officials to discuss ways to de-Germanize the region and to obstruct the re-election of the German delegate.

In 1811, German philosopher Karl Krause, suggested, in an essay titled " The Archetype of Humanity ", the formation of five regional federations: Europe, Asia, Africa, America and Australia, aggregated under a world republic.

" According to a regional historian of note, Lillian Burns, the daughter of the early land developer, Owen Burns, the correct pronunciation of the name of the island by its early settlers was, an-na ma-rye-a, since it was named for the strong winds occurring in the area, using the German term for the wind, Maria.