The common contemporary Latin legal term used in documents of the Holy Roman Empire was for a long time regnum (" rule, domain, empire ", such as in Regnum Francorum for the Frankish Kingdom ) before imperium was in fact adopted, the latter first attested in 1157, whereas the parallel use of regnum never fell out of use during the Middle Ages.

Thereafter, Noricum was called a province, although it was not organized as such and remained a kingdom with the title of regnum Noricum, yet under the control of an imperial procurator.

This polity was termed the ducatus Cenomannicus, or Duchy of Maine, and this was an alternative name for the regnum of Neustria well into the ninth century.

The term " Neustria " took on the meaning of " land between the Seine and Loire " when it was given as a regnum ( kingdom ) by Charlemagne to his eldest son, Charles the Younger, in 790.

Imperium can be distinguished from regnum, or royal power, which was inherited.

The Kingdom of Kent ( Cent in Old English, Cantia regnum in Latin ) was a Jutish colony and later independent kingdom in what is now south east England.

Lord Twining stated that: Under Boniface VIII ( 1294-1303 ) the hood of the regnum was lengthened and the circlet was greatly enriched with precious stones, while toward the end of his papacy a second circlet was added.

In 853 the position of missus dominicus in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine was given him and he had de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a vast duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the regnum Neustriae.

The geography and number of subkingdoms varied over time, but the particular term Francia came generally to refer to just one regnum, that of Austrasia, centred on the Rhine and Meuse rivers in northern Europe ; even so, sometimes the term was used as well to encompass Neustria north of the Loire and west of the Seine.

It is probable that the " invasion " was not from outside the kingdom ; because the word regnum can refer to the office of the king, it is likely that Roderic merely usurped the throne.

It was called a regnum in contemporary sources, though this does not necessarily mean that it was a kingdom or subkingdom.

As emperor, Berengar was wont to intervene outside of his regnum of Italy.

It was regnum independens, a separate Land as Article X of 1790 stipulated.

It was severe enough to force the two kings from their capital of Toledo and it might be that this was the period when Wittiza was sent by his father to rule in Tui in Gallaecia over the regnum Suevorum, an event recorded by the Chronicle of Alfonso III and often dismissed by scholars as nonsense, although there is numismatic evidence that suggests its veracity.

It is described as having three circlets corona quae vocatur, regnum cum tribus circuitis aureis.

Because of this lack of identity contemporaries were unsure what to call the kingdom and so it became regnum quondam Lotharii or Lotharii regnum (" kingdom Lothair's ") and its inhabitants Lotharii ( from Lotharius ), Lotharienses ( from Lothariensis ), or Lotharingi ( which gives the modern German Lothringen, which is the name of the province ).

The Privilegium Maius consists of five forged deeds, some of which purported to have been issued by Julius Caesar and Nero to the historic Roman regnum Noricum province similar to the modern Austrian borders.

The old divines distinguish between the reign of nature ( regnum naturae sive potentiae ), which embraces all things ; the reign of grace ( regnum gratiae ), which relates to the church militant on earth ; and the reign of glory ( regnum gloriae ), which belongs to the church triumphant in heaven.

Its simple and radical solution of the Investiture Controversy between the prerogatives of regnum and sacredoium proposed that German churchmen would surrender their lands and secular offices to the emperor and constitute a purely spiritual church.

Except for its Latin cognate regnum ( kingdom ) it is cognate with Scandinavian rike / rige,, and, as found in bishopric.

An alternative or additional interpretation is based on Charles ' initial lack of a regnum.

In biology, kingdom ( Latin: regnum, pl.

It later became a term for the region between the Seine and the Loire rivers known as the regnum Neustriae, a constituent subkingdom of the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia.

Louis married the daughter of the King of Brittany, Erispoe, and received the regnum from the Breton monarch with the consent of the Frankish magnates.

Silva means woods or forest, and Rea may be related to res and regnum ; Rea may also be related to Greek rheô, " flow ," and thus relate to her association with the spirit of the river Tiber.

In this map of Africa from Sebastian Münster's Cosmographia ( Sebastian Münster ) | Cosmographia ( 1545 ), the Libyan desert ( marked Libyae desertum and Libya Interior ) is shown in the center of the continent, west of Nubia | Nubiae regnum, south of Ottoman Tunisia | Regnum Tunis and east of Mali Empire | Regnum Senegae.

Goss ( tr ) ( 1874 ) Chronica regnum Manniae et insularum: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys.

: Intrare non poteris regnum Dei beatus.

It is indicative of the de facto autonomy of the duchies of Aquitaine ( under Hunoald ) and Bavaria ( under Odilo ) that they were not included in the division of the regnum.

From the 10th century, East Francia became also known as regnum Teutonicum (" Teutonic kingdom " or " Kingdom of Germany "), a term that became prevalent in Salian times.

In 1297, Pope Boniface VIII, intervening between the Houses of Anjou and Aragon in the war called Sicilian Vespers, established on paper a regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae that would be a fief of the Papacy, but in the island, however, already existed native state entities.

According to the abbey's records, in which he was called princeps Australium Saxonum, Eadwinus nomine ( Eadwine leader of the South Saxons ), he bequeathed estates to them in his will, although the document itself has not survived.

The earliest sources regard the two dragons as distinctly different, and in a metaphor of the Adventus Saxonum describes one as being native to the island of Britain ( it had arrived first ) which was then joined by another new and alien dragon that fought it for supremacy.

While his father is described as dux orientalis Saxonum, duke of East Saxony, it is possible that Bruno, according to Widukind of Corvey, was dux totius Saxonum, duke of all Saxony.

Liudolf ( born, died 12 March 864 or 866 ) was a Saxon count, son of one count ( Graf ) Brun ( Brunhart ) and his wife Gisla von Verla ; later authors called him duke of the Eastern Saxons ( dux orientalis Saxonum, probably since 850 ) and count of Eastphalia.

According to the abbey ’ s records, in which he was called princeps Australium Saxonum, Eadwinus nomine, he bequeathed estates to them in his will, although the document itself has not survived.

The Schola Saxonum took its name from the militias of Saxons who served in Rome, but it eventually developed into a hostelry for English visitors to the city.

Another undated charter, in which Æðelberht is called Adelbertus rex Australium Saxonum ( Æðelberht, King of the South Saxons ), is believed to be a forgery.

The Mercians continued to control parts of Essex and may have supported a pretender to the Essex throne since a Sigeric rex Orientalem Saxonum witnessed a Mercian charter after AD 825.

The Lex Saxonum regulated the Saxons ' unusual society.

The first attested mention of Brașov is Terra Saxonum de Barasu (" Saxon Land of Baras ") in a 1252 document.

In 893, Asser wrote a biography of Alfred entitled The Life of King Alfred ; in the original Latin, the title is Vita Ælfredi regis Angul Saxonum.

For example, Asser uses " rex Angul Saxonum " (" king of the Anglo-Saxons ") to refer to Alfred.

Chapter 66 give important chronological calculations, mostly on Vortigern and the Adventus Saxonum.

" Either Ine or Offa of Mercia is traditionally supposed to have founded the Schola Saxonum there, in what is today the Roman rione, or district, of Borgo.

For the period 732 – 1148 he chiefly drew upon an extant, but unpublished chronicle, the Historia Saxonum sive Anglorum post obitum Bedae ( British Museum manuscript Reg.

The traditional date for this invasion is 449 and is known as the Adventus Saxonum.