The Church of England ( which until the 20th century included the Church in Wales ) initially separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1538 in the reign of King Henry VIII, reunited in 1555 under Queen Mary I and then separated again in 1570 under Queen Elizabeth I ( the Roman Catholic Church excommunicated Elizabeth I in 1570 in response to the Act of Supremacy 1559 ).

He also secured the alliance of Henry, Count of Monte Sant ' Angelo, who controlled the Gargano Peninsula and dated his charters by Alexios ' reign.

During the English Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily under Henry VIII and Edward VI and later permanently during the reign of Elizabeth I.

Certain persons in England during the reign of King Henry I of England were called Acephali because they had no lands by virtue of which they could acknowledge a superior lord.

The work of producing English-language books for use in the liturgy was largely that of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury at first under the reign of Henry VIII, only more radically under his son Edward VI.

The reign of Henry IV ended with a diminished kingdom and waning power.

The spirit of peace and reconciliation established by the Dictum of Kenilworth lasted for the remainder of Henry III's reign and into the 1290s.

Later, during the first four years of Henry II's reign, all three siblings joined Eleanor's royal household.

It had been a central issue in the reign of Pope Gregory VII and his battles with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

During the reign of Conrad II's son, Henry III ( 1039 to 1056 ), the empire supported the Cluniac reforms of the Church – the Peace of God, prohibition of simony ( the purchase of clerical offices ), and required celibacy of priests.

Between 1152 and 1190, during the reign of Frederick I ( Barbarossa ), of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, an accommodation was reached with the rival Guelph party by the grant of the duchy of Bavaria to Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony.

In 1212 during the reign of his brother John Lackland the Kingdom instead became a tribute-paying vassal of the Holy See until the 16th century when Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church.

The reign of Henry II represents a reversion in power back from the barony to the monarchical state in England ; it was also to see a similar redistribution of legislative power from the Church, again to the monarchical state.

The reign of Henry V, who succeeded to the throne in 1413, was mostly notable for the great victory over the French at Agincourt.

The turmoil was at its peak in the reign of Henry VI, which began in 1422, because of his personal weaknesses and mental instability.

Traditionally, the Battle of Bosworth Field is considered to mark the end of the Middle Ages in England, although Henry did not introduce any new concept of monarchy, and for most of his reign his hold on power was tenuous.

The rest of his Henry VII's reign was relatively peaceful, despite worries concerning succession after the death of his wife Elizabeth of York in 1503.

Henry VIII began his reign with a high degree of optimism.

Elizabeth's government did much to consolidate the work begun under Thomas Cromwell in the reign of Henry VIII, that is, expanding the role of the government and effecting common law and administration throughout England.

Henry I was one of the weakest kings of the Franks, and his reign saw the rise of some very powerful nobles such as William the Conqueror.

During the first part of his reign Philip II tried using Henry II of England's son against him.

However, other writs were issued with the same effect as early as the reign of Henry II in the 12th century.

The view of Henry and his advisors did not encompass a long view into constitutional history: the Coronation Charter was one of several expedients designed to distance him from the extraordinary and arbitrary oppressions of William Rufus ' reign, claiming to return to the practices of Edward the Confessor, made clear in clause 13, a statement of general principles.

During his reign, King Henry introduced the tally stick, which started primarily as a form of record keeping but evolved into a monetary system.

Alfonso, by formally submitting his reign to the Papacy, obtained the consent of Pope Eugene IV that the Kingdom of Naples would go to his immature son Ferdinand.

The junior King Béla IV started, with the authorization of Pope Honorius III, to take back the royal domains in his provinces that Andrew had granted to his partisans during the first half of his reign.

The first series, made in 1983, was called The Black Adder ( set in the fictional reign of " Richard IV ").

During the 17th century, under the reign of Christian IV, it became a significant regional centre.

* Czech, mainly during the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV but also during other periods of Bohemian control over the HRE.

İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında ( Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996 ) is a film about the lives of Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi, his brother Lagari Hasan Çelebi, and the Ottoman society in the early 17th century, during the reign of Murad IV, as witnessed and narrated by Evliya Çelebi.

After the death of Charles III in 1788 and revolution in France in 1789, during the reign of Charles IV, Goya reached his peak of popularity with royalty.

However, the reforming spirit of Charles III was extinguished in the reign of his son, Charles IV ( 1788 to abdication in 1808 ), seen by some as mentally handicapped.

The development of the Tsar's autocratic powers reached a peak during the reign ( 1547 – 1584 ) of Ivan IV (" Ivan the Terrible ").

After the reign of Edward IV, impeachment fell into disuse, the bill of attainder becoming the preferred form of dealing with undesirable subjects of the Crown.

A silver Indo-Portuguese coin featuring a standing figure facing right with flag struck for and minted in Goa during the reign of John IV of Portugal | John IV.

In the reign of Marcus Aurelius, after disputing with the cynic philosopher Crescens he was denounced by the latter to the authorities, according to Tatian ( Address to the Greeks 19 ) and Eusebius ( HE IV 16. 7-8 ).

The Capua principality was hotly contested during the reign of the hated Pandulf IV, the Wolf of the Abruzzi, and, under his son, it fell, almost without contest, to the Norman Richard Drengot ( 1058 ).

An independent continuation appeared in the reign of Pope Eugene IV ( 1431 – 1447 ), appending biographies from Pope Urban V ( 1362 – 1370 ) to Pope Martin V ( 1417 – 1431 ), encompassing the period of the Western Schism.

Only two Sultans in this period personally exercised strong political and military control of the Empire: the vigorous Murad IV ( 1612 – 1640 ) recaptured Yerevan ( 1635 ) and Baghdad ( 1639 ) from the Safavids and reasserted central authority, albeit during a brief majority reign.

This practice continued for centuries, until the reign of Sultan Mehmet IV.

Rosemary and Darroll Pardoe, authors of The Female Pope: The Mystery of Pope Joan, theorize that if a female pope did exist, a more plausible time frame is 1086 and 1108, when there were several Antipopes ; during this time the reign of the legitimate Popes Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II was not always established in Rome, since the city was occupied by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and later sacked by the Normans.

Under his reign Michelangelo re-built the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli ( in the Diocletian's Baths ) and the eponymous Villa Pia, now known as Casina Pio IV and headquarters of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, was designed by Pirro Ligorio in the Vatican Gardens.

The most remarkable event of Clement VIII's reign was the reconciliation to the Church of Henry IV of France ( 1589 – 1610 ), after long negotiations, carried on with great dexterity through Cardinal Arnaud d ' Ossat, that resolved the complicated situation in France.

The Regent became George IV in 1820, but during his 10 year reign was indolent and frivolous.

Innocent's immediate predecessor was Pope Celestine IV, elected 25 October 1241, whose reign lasted a mere fifteen days.