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The reservoir pen, which may have been the first fountain pen, dates back to 953, when Ma ' ād al-Mu ' izz, the caliph of Egypt, demanded a pen that would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen that held ink in a reservoir.
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reservoir and pen
A ballpoint pen ( Philippine English: ballpen, British English: biro ) is a writing instrument, with an internal ink reservoir and a sphere for a point.
# Tap gently with a small item ( pen or pencil ), squirting out any air bubbles from the reservoir into the vial
A fountain pen is a nib pen that, unlike its predecessor the dip pen, contains an internal reservoir of water-based liquid ink.
The pen draws ink from the reservoir through a feed to the nib and deposits it on paper via a combination of gravity and capillary action.
The earliest historical record of a reservoir pen dates to the 10th century.
In 953, Ma ' ād al-Mu ' izz, the caliph of the Maghreb, demanded a pen that would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen that held ink in a reservoir and delivered it to the nib, which could be held upside-down without leaking, as recorded in Kitab al-Majalis wa ' l-musayardt, by Qadi al-Nu ' man al-Tamimi ( d. 974 ).
Some of the earliest solutions to this problem came in the form of a " safety " pen with a retractable point that allowed the ink reservoir to be corked like a bottle.
The artist or writer dips the brush, quill, or dip pen into the inkwell as needed or uses the inkwell as the source for filling the reservoir of a fountain pen.
The new reservoir based fountain pen and the typewriter were used to produce greater quantities of office documents than ever before.
* Daniel Schwenter publishes Delicia Physic-Mathematicae, including a description of a quill pen with an ink reservoir.
The thixotropic ink in the hermetically sealed and pressurized reservoir is claimed to write for three times longer than a standard ballpoint pen.
In modern strip chart recorders a disposable cartridge combining both a fiber-tipped pen and ink reservoir has been used.
In 953, al-Muizz demanded a pen which would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen which held ink in a reservoir.
reservoir and which
It is a simple task to haul a boat fifty or one hundred miles to a lake or reservoir on the new, light, strong, easy-to-operate trailers which are built to accommodate almost any kind of small boat and retail from $100 to $2,000.
In a more pessimistic vein about the economic outlook, I suspect that the reservoir of demand for consumer goods and housing which was dammed-up during the Thirties and World War 2, is finally in the process of running dry.
' Before the 2003 invasion of Iraq Dr. Muayad Said described the structure before the filling of the reservoir: ' It has an octagonal body enhanced by alcoves, some of which are blind.
The reservoir is supplied with water taken from the Cheddar Yeo, which rises in Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge and is a tributary of the River Axe.
Secondly, it is impossible for any device operating on a cycle to produce net work from a single temperature reservoir ; the production of net work requires flow of heat from a hotter reservoir to a colder reservoir, or a single expanding reservoir undergoing adiabatic cooling, which performs adiabatic work.
At regular intervals, a simple timer causes a pump to fill the upper tray with nutrient solution, after which the solution drains back down into the reservoir.
The Omnipod — which integrates the infusion set, tubing, and insulin reservoir — has an automated infusion process that primes the insulin and inserts the cannula to the body automatically after a command from the PDM ( Personal Diabetes Manager ), which controls the insulin pump functions.
Secondary dolomitization of limestone is common, where calcite or aragonite are converted to dolomite ; this reaction increases pore space ( the unit cell volume of dolomite is 88 % that of calcite ), which can create a reservoir for oil and gas.
The North Pole is significantly warmer than the South Pole because it lies at sea level in the middle of an ocean ( which acts as a reservoir of heat ), rather than at altitude in a continental land mass.
Today, unwanted gas ( or stranded gas without a market ) associated with oil extraction often is returned to the reservoir with ' injection ' wells while awaiting a possible future market or to repressurize the formation, which can enhance extraction rates from other wells.
The amount of energy in the reservoir of nuclear fuel is frequently expressed in terms of " full-power days ," which is the number of 24-hour periods ( days ) a reactor is scheduled for operation at full power output for the generation of heat energy.
Oort noted that there was a peak in numbers of nearly isotropic comets with aphelia — their farthest distance from the Sun — of roughly 20, 000 AU, which suggested a reservoir at that distance with a spherical, isotropic distribution.
Just north of the Crystal Springs reservoir is San Andreas Lake after which the famous geologic fault was named.
Transfer the dipper to your right hand again, cup your left palm, and pour water into it, from which you will take the water into your mouth ( never drink directly from the dipper ), silently swish it around in your mouth ( do not drink ), then quietly spit it out into your cupped left hand ( not into the reservoir ).
That is why the Rouquayrol-Denayrouze reservoir, in the 1860s, was able to contain only 30 atmospheres of internal pressure, which translated into sufficient air to permit dives no longer than 30 minutes to a depth of no more than ten metres.
The native population of over 7, 000, 000 formed a reservoir of man-power from which a force might be drawn limited only by the supply of officers and equipment.
He said that the Ninth Amendment refers to " a universe of rights, possessed by the people — latent rights, still to be evoked and enacted into law .... a reservoir of other, unenumerated rights that the people retain, which in time may be enacted into law.
His great aim was that the resources of the country, in the phraseology of those days, should " fructify in the pockets of the people ", not to be wasted in public or private extravagance, but to replenish the reservoir from which both capital and industry are fed.
In other regions of the world, the reservoir of the infection is not clearly identified, which complicates prevention and early warning programs.
reservoir and may
Also, eruptions may have taken place due to a magma reservoir at the base of the crust.
The reservoir in the tower may be spherical, cylindrical, or an ellipsoid, with a minimum height of approximately and a minimum of in diameter.
He proposes to catch most of the condensed Steam by making it strike against broad Copper plates & the condensed part trickling down may be caught and returned into its Boiler or other reservoir.
Filling the reservoir with ink may be achieved manually ( via the use of a Pasteur pipette or syringe ), or via an internal filling mechanism which creates suction ( for example, through a piston mechanism ) to transfer ink directly through the nib into the reservoir.
This indicates the bats may be acting as a reservoir for the virus.
The epidemical Marburg virus was found in 2007 in specimens of the Egyptian fruit bat, confirming the suspicion this species may be a reservoir for this dangerous virus.
The fire engine may have several methods of pumping water onto the fire, such as passing water obtained from a fire hydrant through hoses or using a pumping " cannon " ( also known as a monitor or deck gun ); some trucks have an onboard water reservoir.
A fire engine may have an onboard water reservoir allowing firefighters to begin tackling the fire immediately, or it may be completely reliant on external sources, such as fire hydrants, water tenders, natural sources such as rivers, or reservoirs by using draft water suction.
While the traditional characteristic of a fire appliance was a lack of water pumping or storage, many modern TLs have a water pumping function built in ( and some have their own onboard supply reservoir ), and may have a pre-piped waterway running the length of the ladder, to allow a stream of water to the firefighters at the top.
In very heavy duty units used for racing or off-road use, there may even be a secondary cylinder connected to the shock absorber to act as a reservoir for the oil and pressurized gas.
Remains of other villas may be seen, but the most important ruin is the reservoir of the ( subterranean ) aqueducts just outside the town on the east, which had no less than twenty-seven chambers each about 270 by 60 cm.
The modern practice of extracting water from this ' reservoir ', in order to satisfy demand for water, may be putting some of these streams under extreme stress.
Production tests may also give insight in reservoir pressures and connectivity.
The thermal reservoir may be maintained at a temperature above ( hotter ) or below ( colder ) than that of the ambient environment.
Some species of Borrelia cause Lyme disease, and ground-feeding birds like the Song Thrush may act as a reservoir for the disease.
If many brake pipe reductions are made in short succession (" fanning the brake " in railroad slang ), a point may be reached where car reservoir pressure will be severely depleted, resulting in substantially reduced brake cylinder piston force, causing the brakes to fail.
In the event of a loss of braking due to reservoir depletion, the engineer ( driver ) may be able to regain control with an emergency brake application, as the emergency portion of each car's dual-compartment reservoir should be fully charged — it is not affected by normal service reductions.
After a flow path is made, acids and fracturing fluids may be pumped into the well to fracture, clean, or otherwise prepare and stimulate the reservoir rock to optimally produce hydrocarbons into the wellbore.
Workovers are often necessary in older wells, which may need smaller diameter tubing, scale or paraffin removal, acid matrix jobs, or completing new zones of interest in a shallower reservoir.
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