Traditionally groups within the family have been delimited largely based on fruit morphology, and the results from this have not been congruent with the more recent molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Saxifragales, as it is now understood, is based upon the results of molecular phylogenetic studies of DNA sequences.

It is now common for biologists to devise a classification based on the results of phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequence data.

; Establishing phylogeny: Using the results received through BLAST you can create a phylogenetic tree using the BLAST web-page.

Throughout the long history of comparative psychology, repeated attempts have been made to enforce a more disciplined approach, in which similar studies are carried out on animals of different species, and the results interpreted in terms of their different phylogenetic or ecological backgrounds.

The following phylogenetic results are taken from Senter ( 2007 ) " A new look at the Phylogeny of Coelurosauria ( Dinosauria: Theropoda ).

There have been numerous attempts to sort out the phylogenetic sequence and delimitation of these, but while the former has made good progress, the latter has hitherto only achieved limited results.

In practice, of course, unscrupulous business practices may bias this result ; in phylogenetics, too, some particular phylogenetic problems ( for example, long branch attraction, described above ) may potentially bias results.

The comparison of the cyb and ghr phylogenetic results seems to indicate nuclear genes are useful for resolving relationships of recently evolved animals.

The Dayhoff model was used to assess the significance of homology search results, but also for phylogenetic analyses.

This in turn results in the slowing down of the rotation rate of Earth ( at about 42 nsec / day ), and in gradual increase of the radius of Moon's orbit ( at ~ 4. 5 cm / year rate ).

Most of IBM's early binary " scientific " computers, beginning with the vacuum tube IBM 701 in 1952, used a single 36-bit accumulator, along with a separate multiplier / quotient register to handle operations with longer results.

The combination of this modulus and a relatively low density results in an unusually fast sound conduction speed in beryllium – about 12. 9 km / s at ambient conditions.

The specification of 4 heads or active surfaces ( tracks per cylinder ), 306 cylinders and when formatted with a sector size of 256 bytes and 32 sectors / track results in a capacity of bytes.

This results in an airflow intermediate between and vowels, and is the case with English intervocalic / h /.

The HTTP / 1. 1 header specification for a HTML document must label an appropriate encoding in the Content-Type header, missing < tt > charset =</ tt > parameter results in acceptance of ISO-8859-1 ( so HTTP / 1. 1 formally does not offer such option as an unspecified character encoding ), and this specification supersedes all HTML ( or XHTML ) meta element ones.

The reaction results in a net transport of one molecule of CO < sub > 2 </ sub > from the ocean / atmosphere into the lithosphere.

First year students are enrolled in first-term classes based upon results of placement exams in math, physics, chemistry, and writing and take all classes in their first two terms on a Pass / Fail basis.

* Sharing, in a fair and equitable way, the results of research and development and the benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic resources with the Contracting Party providing such resources ( governments and / or local communities that provided the traditional knowledge or biodiversity resources utilized ).

Because all these different attempts at formalizing the concept of " effective calculability / computability " have yielded equivalent results, it is now generally assumed that the Church – Turing thesis is correct.

Nesterenko, G. Lambiase, G. Scarpetta, Calculation of the Casimir energy at zero and finite temperature: some recent results, arXiv: hep-th / 0503100 v2 13 May 2005

In 1992 the IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group assessed the claims of the two groups and concluded that confidence in the discovery grew from results from both laboratories and the claim of discovery should be shared.

This is unusually high and results in a nominal density of 1. 24 kg / l.

Another way to represent results is in DMIPS / MHz, where DMIPS result is further divided by CPU frequency, to allow for easier comparison of CPUs running at different clock rates.

If instrumentation is involved, the researcher is expected to calibrate his / her instrument by applying it to known standard objects and documenting the results before applying it to unknown objects.

At other times, for example after the 2002 federal election, a coalition between the FDP and CDU / CSU was impossible primarily because of the weak results of the FDP.

In order to construct their model of DNA, Watson and Crick made use of information from unpublished X-ray diffraction images of Franklin's ( shown at meetings and freely shared by Wilkins ), including preliminary accounts of Franklin's results / photographs of the X-ray images that were included in a written progress report for the King's College laboratory of Sir John Randall from late 1952.

In most cases, N is chosen equal to the length of non-zero portion of s. Increasing N, known as zero-padding or interpolation, results in more closely spaced samples of one cycle of S < sub > 1 / T </ sub >( ƒ ).

Matching the theory's prediction to observational results for planetary orbits ( or, equivalently, assuring that the weak-gravity, low-speed limit is Newtonian mechanics ), the proportionality constant can be fixed as κ = 8πG / c < sup > 4 </ sup >, with G the gravitational constant and c the speed of light.

The results of the Moorfields / UCL trial were published in New England Journal of Medicine in April 2008.

A Gram positive results in a purple / blue color while a Gram negative results in a pink / red color.

However, with computers growing increasingly powerful and widespread, more refined cladistic algorithms became available and could put the suggestions of Willi Hennig to the test ; as it turned out, the results of cladistic analyses turned out to be superior to those of phenetic methods-at least when it came to resolving phylogenies.

In retrospect, the scientific value of the debate lies more in providing examples that a cladistic methodology is not incompatible with an overall phenetical scientific doctrine, and that thus, simply because some study " uses cladistics ", it does not guarantee superior results.

Martin ( 1997 ) performed a cladistic analysis but Sereno criticized it strongly, finding it flawed by incorrect codings, use of only select data, and results that did not support his conclusions.

Even cladistic analyses of the same type of data often yield contradicting results depending on the exact method of evaluation.

Other factor analyses of the data, with different results, are possible.

More complex multivariate analyses are sometimes used when multiple characteristics are involved and a univariate analysis could produce confounded results.

In another study, published in 2011, Jason E. Lewis and colleagues re-measured the cranial volumes of the skulls in Morton's collection, and re-examined the respective statistical analyses by Morton and by Gould, concluding that, contrary to Gould's analysis, Morton did not falsify craniometric research results to support his racial and social prejudices, and that the " Caucasians " possessed the greatest average cranial volume in the sample.

We need to investigate the social determinants of unintended pregnancy in adolescents through large longitudinal studies beginning early in life and use the results of the multivariate analyses to guide the design of prevention interventions.

Mass spectrometry is ideally suited for such analyses, as the addition of phosphorylation results in an increase in the mass of the protein and the phosphorylated residue.

The two analyses differ in the details of how they obtain temperature values on a regular grid from the network of irregularly spaced observation sites ; thus, their results for global and regional temperature differ slightly.

Analysis of behavior and vocalizations is complicated by common parallel evolution, while analyses of different morphological traits and of various DNA sequences have yielded equivocal and partly contradictory results ( Thomassen et al., 2005 ).

Drosnin and others have responded to these claims, saying the tuning tactics employed by McKay were simply " nonsense ", and providing analyses to support their argument that the tables, data and methodologies McKay used to produce the Moby Dick results " simply do not qualify as code tables ".

Also in 2004, the scientific advocacy group Union of Concerned Scientists issued a report, Scientific Integrity in Policymaking: An Investigation into the Bush Administration's Misuse of Science which charged the following: " A growing number of scientists, policy makers, and technical specialists both inside and outside the government allege that the current Bush administration has suppressed or distorted the scientific analyses of federal agencies to bring these results in line with administration policy.

Such research involves a range of well-defined, though variable methods: informal interviews, direct observation, participation in the life of the group, collective discussions, analyses of personal documents produced within the group, self-analysis, results from activities undertaken off or online, and life-histories.

Rule 4 advises researchers to replicate, that is, " to see if identical analyses yield similar results for different samples of people " ( p. 90 ).

On the other hand, it might be argued that the objections to ceteris paribus analyses depend on problematic expectations about the methods and results of conceptual analysis.

* that the population should remain in ignorance of the results of the application of psychohistorical analyses

Recently, nuclear DNA from a Neanderthal specimen from Vindija Cave has been sequenced, as well, using two different methods that yield similar results regarding Neanderthal and H. sapiens lineages, with both analyses suggesting a date for the split between 460, 000 and 700, 000 years ago, though a population split of around 370, 000 years is inferred.

He presented in-depth statistical analyses of the election results at both ITN and the BBC, and at the BBC took over responsibility for this in 1983, following the death of Robert McKenzie, and became largely associated with McKenzie's famous BBC " Swingometer " when it was reinstated in 1992.

A respectable case can be made for maintaining Senecio as a broad concept, at least until revisionary studies at the species level are carried out and the results subjected to critical analyses.

The retraction notices generally state that the results of the analyses described in the articles could not be reproduced.

As a result, Wolbachia can cause misleading results in molecular cladistical analyses.

While the results of these analyses differ slightly, they all confirm that the code in question was derived from Unix code.

A 2005 Quebec study concluded: " Based on the results of the analyses, it was not possible to recommend a type of rumble strip that would provide sufficient warning to drivers who encroach on the shoulder while remaining safe for cyclists who ride over it.

The research results are published in papers, books, reports, policy briefs, analyses and newsletters.