The group is treated either as a single family, Alcedinidae, or as a suborder Alcedines containing three families, Alcedinidae ( river kingfishers ), Halcyonidae ( tree kingfishers ), and Cerylidae ( water kingfishers ).

The river and its environs are the haunt of a wide variety of woodland and water birds, including kingfishers, herons, wagtails, woodpeckers and dippers.

Like all kingfishers, the Common Kingfishers is highly territorial ; since it must eat around 60 % of its body weight each day, it is essential to have control of a suitable stretch of river.

Since kingfishers are high up in the food chain, they are vulnerable to build-up of chemicals, and river pollution by industrial and agricultural products excludes the birds from many stretches of otherwise suitable rivers that would be habitats.

The river kingfishers family Alcedinidae is one of nine in the order Coraciiformes, which also includes the motmots, bee-eaters, todies, rollers, ground-rollers, Cuckoo Roller and two other families of kingfishers.

While the evolutionary history of the Water Kingfishers in regard to their internal relationships is well resolved, it is not entirely clear whether they evolved from river kingfishers or tree kingfishers, and whether they immigrated across the Atlantic or the Pacific Ocean ( though the former seems more likely ).

The Mersey is so improved now that salmon and trout are often seen, as are herons, kingfishers and cormorants, especially in the wide pool on the river bend below the weir.

Among the more distinctive species found along the river are sand martins, common sandpipers, little ringed plovers, dippers, kingfishers and grey wagtails.

One of many hidden ways leads past the manor and the farm where the river slips through a wood and kingfishers streak over an ancient mill pool.

Abundant wildlife includes black-tailed deer, beavers, river otters, muskrats, and wetland birds such as great blue herons, wood ducks, mallards, belted kingfishers, and cormorants.

The river is well-stocked with trout and visitors to the pub can sometimes see kingfishers that hunt along the river banks, despite the roar of frequent trains overhead on the London line.

The river supports coho salmon, steelhead trout, and river otters ; great blue herons, kingfishers, loons, and osprey nest along its banks.

* Azure Kingfisher ( Alcedo azurea ), bird in the river kingfisher family, Alcedinidae

On Fridays, the day when many Persians relax with poetry, talk, and a samovar, people do not, it is true, stream into Chehel Sotun -- a pavilion and garden built by Shah Abbas 2, in the seventeenth century -- but they do retire into hundreds of pavilions throughout the city and up the river valley, which are smaller, more humble copies of the former.

The grass and fields of rice are perfectly green, and herds of cattle are everywhere feeding on the banks of the river, and the natives are scattered about differently employed.

Some are fishing, some driving the team, and many are sitting indolently on the banks of the river.

Bridges, tunnels and ferries are the most common methods of river crossings.

The big factories which are relatively near the centers of our cities -- the rubber factories in Akron, Chrysler's Detroit plants, U.S. Steel's Pittsburgh works -- often began on these sites at a time when that was the edge of the city, yet close to transport ( river ), storage ( piers ) and power ( river ).

Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues ( Cicero described his literary style as " a river of gold "), it is thought that the majority of his writings are now lost and only about one-third of the original works have survived.

These materials are found mostly on the continental shelves and are thickest near large river mouths or off desert coasts.

North of the mineral region is the Cereal Belt, embracing the Tennessee Valley and the counties beyond, whose richest soils are the red clays and dark loams of the river valley ; north of which are less fertile soils, produced by siliceous and sandstone formations.

There are ten species of salmon inhabiting the Anadyr river basin.

Although the Caiman has not been studied in-depth, scientists have learned that their mating cycles ( previously thought to be spontaneous or year-round ) are linked to the rainfall cycles and the river levels, which increases chances of survival for their offspring.

The lake absorbs huge amounts of eroded gravel and snowmelt that the river brings from the Alps, and the former swamps have become fruitful plains: they are known as the " vegetable garden of Switzerland ".

The river lands are occupied by the Vanir and are called Vanaland or Vanaheim.

There are for example fragments in ' Sapphic ' meter praising the Dioscuri, Hermes and the river Hebrus ( a river significant in Lesbian mythology since it was down its waters that the head of Orpheus was believed to have floated singing, eventually crossing the sea to Lesbos and ending up in a temple of Apollo, as a symbol of Lesbian supremacy in song ).

The Black Sea also receives river water from large Eurasian fluvial systems to the north of the Sea, of which the Don, Dnieper and Danube are the most significant.

On the coastlines, Harbor Seals and river otters are common.

The caissons or cofferdams are implanted deep into the floor of a lake or river.

Sections of the Una river and villages at the base of Mount Plješevica are in Croatia, while some are in Bosnia, which causes an excessive number of border crossings on a single route and impedes any serious development in the region.

For one thing, there is a natural belt of rock across the river bed ; ;

Here in these little rooms -- or stages arched open to the sky and river -- they choose a few lines out of the hundreds they may know and sing them according to one of the modes into which Persian music is divided.

This was one of the Irish women who had built their own huts down near the river.

The guessing games referred to have driven more than one Negro into the narcotics ward, the madhouse, or the river.

* Münstersche Aa, a river in Germany, one of several Westphalian rivers called Aa

Before he could pass the river with safety, however, it was necessary to subdue certain fortresses, one of which was for several days vigorously defended by the governor, Yussuf el-Harezmi, a Khwarezmian.

There, in one of the major Swiss engineering feats of the 19th century, the Jura water correction, the river, which had previously rendered the countryside north of Bern a swampland through frequent flooding, was diverted by the Hagneck Canal into Lake of Bienne.

Through the treachery of some Lucanian exiles, he was compelled to engage under unfavourable circumstances near Padosia, on the banks of the Acheron, and was killed by the hand of one of the exiles, as he was crossing the river.

In the one recorded naval engagement in the year 896, Alfred's new fleet of nine ships intercepted six Viking ships in the mouth of an unidentified river along the south of England.

Leonhart Rauwolff, in AD 1574, found it " divided ... into two towns ," the one " Turkish ," " so surrounded by the river, that you cannot go into it but by boats ," the other, much larger, on the Arabian side of the river.

“ A visit to the ground has only confirmed me ,” Lucas wrote in 1921 ; “ and it was interesting to find that Mr. Apostolides, son of the large local landowner, the hospitality of whose farm at Tekés I enjoyed, was convinced too that the site was by Driskole Krini, for the very sound reason that neither the hills nor the river further east suit Caesar ’ s description .” John D. Morgan in his definitive “ Palae-pharsalus – the Battle and the Town ”, arguing for a site closer still to Krini, where he places Palaepharsalos, writes: “ My reconstruction is similar to Lucas ’ s, and in fact I borrow one of his alternatives for the line of the Pompeian retreat.

Established in the middle of the 8th century and thus being one of the earliest urban settlements in Scandinavia, Birka was the Baltic link in the river and portage route through Ladoga ( Aldeigja ) and Novgorod ( Holmsgard ) to the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Califate.

In ancient China, large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Warring States ( 481 – 221 BC ), the longest one of that period being the Hong Gou ( Canal of the Wild Geese ), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei.

The area now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo was populated as early as 80, 000 years ago, as shown by the 1988 discovery of the Semliki harpoon at Katanda, one of the oldest barbed harpoons ever found, and which is believed to have been used to catch giant river catfish.

The upper portion of the river is one of the few places where a Canadian city lies directly south of an American city.

Only one river, the Baro is used for transport.

A third grade project growing out of the day to day life of the nearby Hudson river became one of the most celebrated units of the school, a unit on boats, which under the guidance of its legendary teacher Miss Curtis, became an entrée into history, geography, reading, writing, arithmetic, science, art and literature.

They join in the intertidal zone to briefly become one river before discharging to the sea.

It is thought that before the Ice Age Greenland had mountainous edges, and a lowland ( and probably very dry ) center which drained to the sea by one big river flowing out westwards past where Disko Island is now.

In 1875 Eiffel et Cie were given two important contracts, one for a new terminus for the line from Vienna at Budapest and the other for a bridge over the river Douro in Portugal.

The task was a demanding one: the river was fast-flowing, up to deep, and had a bed formed of a deep layer of gravel which made the construction of piers on the river bed impossible, and so the bridge had to have a central span of.

Those for the east and south legs were straightforward, each leg resting on four concrete slabs, one for each of the principal girders of each leg but the other two, being closer to the river Seine were more complicated: each slab needed two piles installed by using compressed-air caissons long and in diameter driven to a depth of to support the concrete slabs, which were thick.

Notable among them are: ( 1 ) whether the word " eden " means a steppe or plain, or instead means " delight " or some similar term ; ( 2 ) whether the garden was in the east of Eden, or Eden itself was in the east, or whether " east " is not the correct word at all and the Hebrew means the garden was " of old "; ( 3 ) whether the river in Genesis 2: 10 " follows from " or " rises in " Eden, and the relationship, if any, of the four rivers to each other ; and ( 4 ) whether Cush, where one of the four rivers flows, means Ethiopia ( in Africa ) or Elam ( just east of Mesopotamia ).