After a few presidents of the Provisional Junta, there were again consuls of the republic, 14 March 1841 – 13 March 1844 ( ruling jointly, but occasionally styled " first consul ", " second consul "): Carlos Antonio López Ynsfrán ( b. 1792 – d. 1862 ) + Mariano Roque Alonzo Romero ( d. 1853 ) ( the lasts of the aforementioned juntistas, Commandant-General of the Army )

Caesar passed, through a tribune, his own ruling on the matter, and became proconsul of both Gauls ( Gallia Cisalpina and Gallia Transalpina ) and of Illyricum, with command of four legions, for five years ; Caesar's new father-in-law, Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, was made consul for 58 BC.

In 1841, he was chosen as the country's first consul, ruling alongside Mariano Roque Alonso.

Cato cited the 14th Amendment, among other things, as the source of their support for the ruling.

Prawer argued further that the kingdom was an early attempt at colonization, in which the crusaders were a small ruling class, who were dependent on the native population for survival but made no attempt to integrate with them.

Other interpretations include for example that of Antonio Gramsci, who argued that Machiavelli's audience for this work was not even the ruling class but the common people because the rulers already knew these methods through their education.

Others argued that presbyteries have always had this responsibility and that this new ruling did not change but only clarified that responsibility.

Ralph Miliband argued that the ruling class uses the state as its instrument to dominate society by virtue of the interpersonal ties between state officials and economic elites.

Heavily influenced by Gramsci, Nicos Poulantzas, a Greek neo-Marxist theorist argued that capitalist states do not always act on behalf of the ruling class, and when they do, it is not necessarily the case because state officials consciously strive to do so, but because the ' structural ' position of the state is configured in such a way to ensure that the long-term interests of capital are always dominant.

Although Oswald had one known son, Æthelwald, it is uncertain whether this was a son from his marriage to Cynegils ' daughter or from an earlier relationship — since Æthelwald began ruling in Deira in 651, it has been argued that a son from this marriage would have been too young at the time to be trusted with this position, and therefore may have been older, the product of a relationship Oswald had during his exile.

It has been argued that Wenceslaus ' remains were transferred to St Vitus's Church in 932, ruling out the later date ; however, the year 935 is now favored by historians as the date of his murder.

Khalid Yahya Blankinship argued that the military defeat at Tours was one of the failures that contributed to the decline of the Umayyad caliphate: " Stretching from Morocco to China, the Umayyad caliphate based its expansion and success on the doctrine of jihad — armed struggle to claim the whole earth for God's rule, a struggle that had brought much material success for a century but suddenly ground to a halt followed by the collapse of the ruling Umayyad dynasty in 750 AD.

The pamphlet argued that the ruling class of Italy supported the Piazza Fontana bombing and other covert, false flag mass slaughter for the higher goal of defending the capitalist status quo from communist influence.

Hegel as a basis, Marx and Engels argued that all of human society rests upon class war, the concept that different socio-economic classes struggle against one another for their own benefit, with the ruling class inevitably being overthrown through revolution, to be replaced with a new ruling class.

It is argued by some that economic inequality is an unavoidable aspect of society, and that as a result, there will always be a ruling class in existence.

He was a member of the family later called the Carolingians and it can be argued that he was instrumental in consolidating their power at the expense of the ruling Merovingian kings of the Franks.

Such a move, however, increasingly justified a newly found correlation between the business and ruling elites, thus significantly linking bureaucracy and financial gain, which critics argued fosters more corruption.

Antonio Gramsci argued that Machiavelli's audience for this work was not even the ruling class but the common people because the rulers already knew these methods through their education.

Furthermore, Gore argued that the consequence of ruling the Florida recount unconstitutional simply because it treated different voters differently would effectively render every state election unconstitutional and that each method has a different rate of error in counting votes.

Bush also argued that the Florida Supreme Court's ruling violated Article II, § 1, cl.

Essentially, Bush argued that the Florida Supreme Court's interpretation of Florida law was so erroneous that their ruling had the effect of making new law.

President Richard Nixon and other conservatives denounced Miranda for undermining the efficiency of the police, and argued the ruling would contribute to an increase in crime.

At first it was argued that it represented a form of pre-colonial " African socialism " and later the focus shifted to stressing the natural evolution of an accumulation of wealth and power within a ruling elite.

" British Communists, following the Party line defined by Joseph Stalin, argued that appeasement had been a pro-fascist policy and that the British ruling class would have preferred fascism to socialism.

In the Institutes of the Christian Religion, first published in 1536 and the foundational document of Calvinism, Calvin argued that legitimate governments are those ruling with the consent of the governed and in covenant with God and the people.

It has also been argued that his fellow judges had difficulty ruling on appeals from his decisions specifically because he rarely provided reasons.

The ruling is notable because clubs are deemed as unable to gain anything with players becoming commodities, even though clubs argued they trained the players and groomed them from youth levels.

) However, many critics ( such as Marshall Swain ) have argued that the notion of a defeater fact cannot be made precise enough to rule out the Gettier cases without also ruling out a priori cases of knowledge.

Nevertheless, impulses still exist among the ruling elite to rationalize and thus to perpetuate the need for centralized and authoritarian practices.

Two members of the Democratic-endorsed majority on the school board said they probably would vote to appeal a ruling by the state Board of Education, which said yesterday that the school committee acted improperly in its appointment of the coordinator, Francis P. Nolan 3rd, the Democratic-endorsed committee chairman, could not be reached for comment.

In fact, these troops were perceived as a kinf of Pretorian Guard for the ruling party, PAIGC.

Agesilaus II, or Agesilaos II () ( 444 BC – 360 BC ) was a king of Sparta, of the Eurypontid dynasty, ruling from approximately 400 BC to 360 BC, during most of which time he was, in Plutarch's words, " as good as thought commander and king of all Greece ," and was for the whole of it greatly identified with his country's deeds and fortunes.

In March, 2012 the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, ruling in an action brought by the Natural Resources Defense Council and others, ordered the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock which violated FDA regulations.

Following this ruling, Alford petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina, which upheld the initial ruling, and subsequently to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit which ruled that Alford's plea was not voluntary, because it was made under fear of the death penalty.

" In the 1999 South Carolina Supreme Court case State v. Gaines, the Court held that Alford guilty pleas were to be held valid in the absence of a specific on-the-record ruling that the pleas were voluntary – provided that the sentencing judge acted appropriately in accordance with the rules for acceptance of a plea made voluntarily by the defendant.

Supporters believe that by the late 20th century those they characterized as " ruling elites " sought to harness the expansion of world markets for their own interests ; this combination of the Bretton Woods institutions, states, and multinational corporations has been called " globalization " or " globalization from above.

In February 1996, the ruling ODP / MT merged with several small opposition parties to form the Congress for Democracy and Progress ( CDP ).

He is the enigmatic dictator of Oceania, a totalitarian state taken to its utmost logical consequence – where the ruling Party wields total power for its own sake over the inhabitants.

: The U. S. does not recognize the renaming of Burma by its ruling military junta to Myanmar and thus keeps its entry for the country under " Burma ".

A 1824 landmark U. S. Supreme Court ruling overturned a New York State-granted monopoly (" a veritable model of state munificence " facilitated by one of the Founding Fathers, Robert R. Livingston ) for the then-revolutionary technology of steamboats.

The following table is ranked for the power the member states exert on Council decisions, and lists their population figures ( criterion three ) and voting weights ( criterion two ) along with their ruling parties and affiliations to European parties.

However, the CRTC is also sometimes erroneously criticized for CBSC decisions — for example, the CRTC was erroneously criticized for the CBSC's decisions pertaining to the airing of Howard Stern's terrestrial radio show in Canada in the late 1990s, as well as the CBSC's controversial ruling on the Dire Straits song " Money for Nothing ".

With Hugh's coronation, a new era began for France, and his descendants came to be named the Capetians, with the Capetian dynasty ruling France for more than 800 years ( 987 – 1848, with some interruptions ).