This low BOD was due to removal of the excess suspended solids by sedimentation since the only dilution was surface runoff which was very low during this study.

Frei Ruiz-Tagle was succeeded in 2000 by Socialist Ricardo Lagos, who won the presidency in an unprecedented runoff election against Joaquín Lavín of the rightist Alliance for Chile, by a very tight score of less than 200, 000 votes ( 51, 32 %).

Another consequence was an expansion of freshwater environments, since continental runoff now had longer distances to travel before reaching oceans.

After a runoff ballot, Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías was inaugurated on January 14, 1991, thus completing the first transition from one democratically elected civilian government to another.

By measuring rainfall, runoff, and drainage area, Perrault showed that rainfall was sufficient to account for flow of the Seine.

Lake Managua was considered dead because of decades of pesticide runoff, toxic chemical pollution from lakeside factories, and untreated sewage.

With the loss of the natural vegetation, the balance in runoff nutrients to the reef was disturbed, eventually causing as much as 80 percent of the large eastern fringing reef to become inactive.

No candidate received more than 50 % of the vote, so a runoff election was held in June.

A runoff election was held in September 2007, and Ernest Bai Koroma, the candidate of the APC, was elected president and sworn in the same day.

They faced each other in a runoff on 29 January 2006, where Halonen was re-elected with 51. 8 % of the vote against Mr. Niinistö's 48. 2 %.

As no presidential candidate received a majority in the October election, a runoff was held in November.

A presidential runoff was triggered because their candidate, José Mujica, only received 47. 96 percent of the vote.

* March 4 – the Supreme Court of Algeria bans the Islamic Salvation Front, which was poised to win control of the Parliament of Algeria in runoff elections.

Other pollutant sources include urban runoff, mercury and even rocket fuel that was reported to have leaked near the American River from an Aerojet extraction project.

Hindenburg was re-elected in a runoff.

Some of the stones were said to fit so well that you could not slide a knife into the cracks. The road was crested in the middle ( for water runoff ) and had ditches on either side of the road which were protected by retaining walls.

Stevenson came in first but lacked a majority, so a runoff was held.

The party's 4. 3 % support was the lowest score since the 1981 election and only one candidate, Marine Le Pen in Pas de Calais, reached the runoff ( where she was defeated by the socialist incumbent ).

He was narrowly defeated in the final runoff election by Jacques Chirac in 1995.

A quickly organized election was held in June, and a runoff election between the two highest vote-getters was held in July ; in a surprise result, Kyebich was soundly beaten by populist Alexander Lukashenko, a youthful anti-corruption crusader.

Other reasons include: a ) changes in plant canopy caused by shifts in plant biomass production associated with moisture regime ; b ) changes in litter cover on the ground caused by changes in both plant residue decomposition rates driven by temperature and moisture dependent soil microbial activity as well as plant biomass production rates ; c ) changes in soil moisture due to shifting precipitation regimes and evapo-transpiration rates, which changes infiltration and runoff ratios ; d ) soil erodibility changes due to decrease in soil organic matter concentrations in soils that lead to a soil structure that is more susceptible to erosion and increased runoff due to increased soil surface sealing and crusting ; e ) a shift of winter precipitation from non-erosive snow to erosive rainfall due to increasing winter temperatures ; f ) melting of permafrost, which induces an erodible soil state from a previously non-erodible one ; and g ) shifts in land use made necessary to accommodate new climatic regimes.

Wildlife along the Sacramento has been hurt severely by the heavy usage of Sacramento River water for agriculture and urban areas, and pollution caused by pesticides, nitrates, mine tailings, acid mine drainage and urban runoff.

Increased erosion caused by the removal of riparian vegetation and the runoff of fertilizers into the river have led to occasional algae blooms, though the water is usually cold because of the regulation of dams upstream.

It can prevent erosion caused by excessive rain and the resulting surface runoff.

Gravity variations detected by GRACE include those caused by changes in ocean currents ; runoff and ground water depletion ; melting ice sheets and glaciers.

Flooding of the Potomac River, however, caused by a combination of high tide, storm surge, and runoff, has been known to cause extensive property damage in Georgetown.

Most of the pollution in the river is caused by excess animal manure from farming, agricultural runoff, urban and suburban stormwater runoff, and raw or inadequately treated sewage.

Although the Greater Scaup faces numerous threats, the most significant challenge to their survival is habitat degradation caused by a mix of human development and runoff.

In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus used in fertilizers have caused severe problems in the form of agricultural runoff, which alters the concentration of these compounds in local rivers and streams, often resulting in adverse effects on native species.

ARD is caused by a chemical reaction created by successive generations and species of bacteria waste stream, which results in highly acidic runoff that contains large concentrations of dissolved metals such as copper, cadmium, iron, and zinc.

Even downstream of Mendota, where the Delta-Mendota Canal gives the river a new surge of water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, irrigation runoff water, contaminated with pesticides and fertilizer, has caused the river to become heavily polluted.

In the 20th century, the augmentation of nutrients by agricultural runoff from the surrounding farming valley has caused the lake to become hypereutrophic, resulting in blue-green algae blooms over the lake ( largely Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae ).

This revelation caused Duesterberg to poll poorly in the first ballot of the election, and he withdrew from the runoff election that followed.

Between 125 and 143 million people live on the delta, despite risks from floods caused by monsoons, heavy runoff from the melting snows of the Himalayas, and tropical cyclones.

Various watershed management projects were undertaken even during Silla times, due to continuous flooding in the basin, caused by runoff from the neighboring mountains combined with inflow from the upper Hyeongsan River watershed.

In addition to chemical pollution and algae growth caused by runoff containing chemicals and fertilizers, air pollution has also been a significant factor in the disappearance of brook trout from their native habitats.

That part of the Island was subject to annual floods caused by spring runoff.

The runoff caused by the over use of fertilizers increases the amount of algae in local water bodies, causing different scales of dead zones ( areas where oxygen is completely consumed by decomposing algae and fish, making it impossible for life forms needing oxygen to survive in the dead zones ).

Nonpoint source pollution from farms is caused by surface runoff from fields during rain storms.

Heavy rainfall often caused pools at the springs to close due to contamination from runoff and sewer lines, the effluent of the affluent upstream subdivisions entering the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone which feeds the springs.

In the 2002 national election, a new party founded by former PLN Congressman and government Minister Ottón Solís captured 26 % of the vote, forcing a runoff election for the first time in the country's history.

Deforestation generally increases rates of soil erosion, by increasing the amount of runoff and reducing the protection of the soil from tree litter.

Because the porosity of the surface soil results in virtually zero runoff, lenses are easily polluted by fecal waste, burials, and chemical spills.

Sheet erosion is the transport of loosened soil particles by surface runoff that is flowing downhill in thin sheets.

The amount of water present in the soil before the precipitation also plays an important role, because it sets limits on the amount of water that can be absorbed by the soil ( and hence prevented from flowing on the surface as erosive runoff ).

Urbanization has major effects on erosion processes — first by denuding the land of vegetative cover, altering drainage patterns, and compacting the soil during construction ; and next by covering the land in an impermeable layer of asphalt or concrete that increases the amount of surface runoff and increases surface wind speeds.

This increased runoff, in addition to eroding and degrading the land that it flows over, also causes major disruption to surrounding watersheds by altering the volume and rate of water that flows through them, and filling them with chemically polluted sedimentation.

Emily's health, like her sisters ', had been weakened by unsanitary conditions at home, the source of water being contaminated by runoff from the church's graveyard.

With almost 20 parties competing in the first round, the presidential election came down to a January 7, 1996 runoff in which PAN candidate Álvaro Arzú Irigoyen defeated Alfonso Portillo Cabrera of the FRG by just over 2 % of the vote.

In the State of Louisiana the expression general election means the runoff election which occurs between the two highest candidates as determined by the jungle primary.

Both the general election and runoff were marked by peace and order, with thousands of Liberians waiting patiently in the Liberian heat to cast their ballots.

Running as an independent on a platform of national unity, Touré won the presidency in a runoff against the candidate of Adema, which had been divided by infighting and suffered from the creation of a spin-off party, the Rally for Mali.

Prairie dog tunnel systems help channel rainwater into the water table to prevent runoff and erosion, and can also serve to change the composition of the soil in a region by reversing soil compaction that can be a result of cattle grazing.

* Water pollution, by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste ( intentionally or through spills ) into surface waters ; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage ; release of waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters ( including urban runoff and agricultural runoff, which may contain chemical fertilizers and pesticides ); waste disposal and leaching into groundwater ; eutrophication and littering.