Precisely the attributes which make Hrafnkels saga so accessible have served to make it an attractive target for different theories on the origins of the Icelandic sagas.

Woolf suggests that the association of Constantine with the raid is a late addition, one derived from a now-lost saga or poem.

At the end of the Heimskringla saga Hákonar saga góða, the poem Hákonarmál by the 10th century skald Eyvindr skáldaspillir is presented.

A poem from the 9th century Ynglingatal that forms the basis of Ynglinga saga is then quoted that describes Hel's taking of Dyggvi:

The Icelanders ' saga Egils saga contains the poem Sonatorrek.

Woolf suggests that the association of Constantine with the raid is a late addition, one derived from a now-lost saga or poem.

In chapter 80 of the 13th century Icelandic saga Egils saga, Egill Skallagrímsson composes a poem in praise of Arinbjörn ( Arinbjarnarkviða ).

* The Nibelungenlied, an epic poem in Middle High German, tells the saga of Siegfried / Sigurd, who killed a dragon on the Drachenfels ( Siebengebirge ) (" dragons rock "), near Bonn at the Rhine and of the Burgundians and their court at Worms, at the Rhine and Kriemhild's golden treasure, which was thrown into the Rhine by Hagen.

In Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks, the poem Heiðreks gátur contains a riddle that mentions Sleipnir and Odin:

This account was constructed by the author of Egils saga using an earlier poem called Arinbjarnarkviða " Lay of Arinbjörn ", and this poem does not mention Gunnhild by name, implying therefore that the name was introduced by the author of Egils saga.

At the end of the Heimskringla saga Hákonar saga góða, the poem Hákonarmál by the 10th-century skald Eyvindr skáldaspillir is presented.

Tyrfing, Tirfing or Tyrving ( The name is of uncertain origin, possibly connected to the Terwingi ) was a magic sword in Norse mythology, which figures in the Tyrfing Cycle, which includes a poem from the Poetic Edda called Hervararkviða, and the Hervarar saga.

Five riddles found in the poem Heiðreks gátur contained in the legendary saga Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks employ the phrase " Delling's doors " ( Old Norse Dellings durum ) once each.

At the end of the Heimskringla saga Hákonar saga góða, the poem Hákonarmál ( by the 10th century skald Eyvindr skáldaspillir ) is presented.

Other popular scenarios for bondage in art was that of Angelica from the fifteenth century epic poem Orlando Innamorato, which is itself a continuation of the romantic epic saga Orlando Furioso, which is similar to that of Andromeda in that the heroine is offered as a sacrifice to the sea gods ; and the damsel in distress theme.

The saga of Chief Joseph and his people is also depicted in the 1982 poem " Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce " by Robert Penn Warren.

In addition, she is mentioned in poems recorded in Heimskringla and Egils saga that date from the 9th and 10th century respectively.

Thus, Hrafnkell, protagonist of the eponymous Icelandic saga set in the 10th century, as his temple to Freyr is burnt and he is enslaved states that " I think it is folly to have faith in gods ", never performing another sacrifice, a position described in the sagas as goðlauss " godless ".

According to an old Viking saga and a map discovered in the museum, Olaf the Blue, a Viking explorer, had reached the coast of North America in the early 10th century and had claimed this land as his property — a claim that was indeed valid according to an international treaty drafted in 792 during the reign of Charlemagne.

The sagas, such as the Hervarar saga, contain extensive information on this dynasty for as many as 10 generations, but although, some of the 9th century kings are held to be historical, modern Swedish historiography begins it with the late 10th c. king Eric the Victorious.

Vagn Åkesson was a Norseman of the late 10th century, mentioned in the Jómsvíkinga saga.

Knýtlinga saga ( The Saga of Cnut's Descendants ) is an Icelandic kings ' saga written in the 1250s, which deals with the kings who ruled Denmark since the early 10th century.

The saga covers the history of the Danish rulers from the early 10th century until the 13th century.

Tales concerning the Skjöldungs, possibly originating as early as the 6th century, were later used as a narrative basis in such texts as Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus and Hrólfs saga kraka.

Scholarly theories have been proposed about Hel's potential connections to figures appearing in the 11th century Old English Gospel of Nicodemus and Old Norse Bartholomeus saga postola, potential Indo-European parallels to Bhavani, Kali, and Mahakali, and her origins.

In the Heimskringla book Ynglinga saga, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, Hel is referred to, though never by name.

The Old Norse Bartholomeus saga postola, an account of the life of Saint Bartholomew dating from the 13th century, mentions a " Queen Hel.

Heimskringla is a collection of sagas about the Norwegian kings, beginning with the saga of the legendary Swedish dynasty of the Ynglings, followed by accounts of historical Norwegian rulers from Harald Fairhair of the 9th century up to the death of the pretender Eystein Meyla in 1177.

In the early 20th century, this trust was largely abandoned with the advent of saga criticism, pioneered by Curt and Lauritz Weibull.

A school of historians has come to believe that the motives Snorri and the other saga writers give to their characters owe more to conditions in the 13th century than in earlier times.

The factual content of the work tends to be deemed more credible as it discusses more recent times, as the distance in time between the events described and the composition of the saga was shorter, allowing traditions to be retained in a largely accurate form, and because in the twelfth century the first contemporary written sources begin to emerge in Norway.

Additionally, Sleipnir is mentioned in a riddle found in the 13th century legendary saga Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks, in the 13th century legendary saga Völsunga saga as the ancestor of the horse Grani, and book I of Gesta Danorum, written in the 12th century by Saxo Grammaticus, contains an episode considered by many scholars to involve Sleipnir.

* Kormákr Ögmundarson the skald, hero of Kormáks saga

Livingston identified at least fifty-three medieval sources containing references to the battle, including important accounts from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the writings of Anglo-Norman historian William of Malmesbury, the Annals of Clonmacnoise, and Snorri Sturluson's Egils saga, whose antihero, mercenary berserker and skald Egill Skallagrimsson, served as a trusted warrior for Athelstan.

The saga is centered on the life of Egill Skallagrímsson, an Icelandic farmer, viking and skald.

He became a famous skald and composed poems about the three Scandinavian kings, which are partially included in the Knýtlinga saga, which he probably made from material he collected in Denmark.

* Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar-tells of the adventures of Egill Skalla-Grímsson, the warrior-poet and adventurer

A nearly identical story appears in the Egils saga, though the three protagonists are different, with Egill Skallagrímsson as the intended victim, with Bárðr of Atley and Gunnhild, Mother of Kings as the would-be poisoners.

* Mæra was a land in the Norse saga of Egill Skallagrímsson.

Ask is the saga location for a famous dispute over inheritance between Egill Skallagrímsson and Berg-Önundr.

The saga follows Egill through the various stages of his life, most of which are surrounded by battle and Egill virtually narrates his own life story with his frequent segments of poetry.

The name may also derive from the combatants dueling on a small island or islet, as they do in the saga of Egill Skallagrimsson.

He is generally identified with the Swedish king Egil ( also Swedish Egill, Eigil ) who appears in Ynglingatal, Historia Norwegiae and in Ynglinga saga.

The abstract sculpture here represents the saga hero Egill having his dead son in his arms.