Camp is responsible for pioneering the play from scrimmage ( earlier games featured a rugby scrum, and was also the one who decided that teams should have four downs to advance the ball ten yards.

A forward pass is generally restarted with a scrum after an accidental infringement, however a penalty may be awarded if the referee is of the belief that the ball was deliberately thrown forward.

After the story broke Prime Minister John Diefenbaker was besieged in the House of Commons press scrum, later dismissing it stating that " There is no foundation whatsoever to the story, not a scintilla of truth to it ".

However, if the infringement was accidental ( e. g. a player receives a forward pass without intending to be in an offside position ) then a scrum is awarded at the location of infringement.

Among the highlights of a successful tour was the 6-man England scrum ( with 2 back row forwards in the sin bin ), which held off pressure from the All Blacks, when Johnson famously told his comrades in the scrum to " get down and shove ".

When asked about what was going through his head in the scrum he replied " my spine ".

The term was used in the laws of rugby football for a long time before being permanently contracted to just " scrum ".

Originally there was no distinction between an awarded or " set " scrum ( today officially called simply " scrummage ") and a " loose " scrum ( today officially called a ruck in rugby union ).

The largest rugby scrum consisted of 738 participants and was achieved by the Team Ronan Rugby Challenge ( USA ) at the Cathedral Catholic School in San Diego, California, USA on 9 June 2012.

The ability of teams to win a game purely on goals from scrum penalties was also seen as unfair.

The number of scrums was reduced with the introduction of the " handover " after a team has used a set of six tackles, the differential penalty, one which cannot be kicked at goal was brought in for offences at scrums and referees ceased enforcing some rules regarding feeding the ball into scrum.

He was a blood replacement for clubmate Joe Worsley after 13 minutes and on 64 minutes was a replacement for Martin Corry, touching down with a clinically executed charge from the back of the scrum on 70 minutes.

In April 2006, it was announced that noted former New Zealand All Blacks scrum half Justin Marshall had signed to play for Ospreys.

In this case, the scrum or line-out is taken from level with the place from where the ball was kicked from, and not from where it entered touch.

His last test match was on 10 September 1938 as captain ( also as scrum half ) at the age of 27 against the British Lions at Newlands, Cape Town.

Sheers was also a minor rugby player himself at scrum half for Gwent county XV.

Ellis was selected on England's 2004 summer tour as third choice scrum half behind Matt Dawson and Andy Gomarsall and did not play, however he made his England debut from the bench in their 32 – 16 win over the Springboks in autumn 2004.

Paul captained Bradford at scrum half back in the 1996 Challenge Cup final and became the fourth player ever to achieve what was a Challenge Cup final record of three tries, being awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.

The front row of Leonard, Brian Moore and Jeff Probyn was fearsome, and the England scrum was famously solid, with this trio able to more than hold their own against any front row in world.

He was an outstanding performer in the Grand Slam season of 1990 ( he was the one who started the move from the scrum that led to Gavin Hastings's famous kick to Tony Stanger, sealing the victory against the English ), Jeffrey had been a British Lion on the 1989 Tour of Australia, ironically being kept out of the Test side by his national team-mates Finlay Calder and Derek White, and Englishmen Mike Teague who would suffer for this indignity in the famous Calcutta Cup showdown a year later.

Scrum contested between Newport and London Welsh in 1904, showing the more upright stance of the scrum used at the time.

A rugby league football scrum is used to bring the ball back into play in situations where the ball has gone out of play over the touchline or a player has made a mistake, a knock-on or forward pass, except when that mistake has occurred on the last tackle of a set of six tackles.

A scrum is also used in the rare event that the ball bursts or the referee interferes with the movement of the ball.

In any case, Trudeau used it during a media scrum in the immediate aftermath of the parliamentary incident itself, leaving little time for a Hansard transcript to be consulted or even prepared.

The scrum ( a huddle used to restart play ), however must consist of eight players ( providing a team still has fifteen on the field ); three in the front row, two in the second, and another three loosely at the edges of the formation.

Munster lost a tight game remembered as ' the hand of Back ' final as a Leicester flanker used his hand illegally in a scrum when Munster had a last-chance attack.

The opposing team may choose instead a scrum at the location where the offending team last played the ball.

It is a kind of large rugby football scrum ( called the " sway "), which pushes a leather tube ( called the " hood ") to 1 of 4 pubs, where it remains until the following year's game.

* Hosted the 2010 Qualfying Final between the Sydney Roosters and the Wests Tigers, where Roosters player Braith Anasta kicked a miracle field goal off the scrum to send the game to golden point, then Roosters player Shaun Kenny-Dowall intercepted a ball and scored in extra time.

They can kick for touch, but, if the ball makes it into touch, the side then takes a tap kick 10m infield ( 20m infield in the NRL as of 2007 ) from the point where the ball went into touch ( except where it goes into touch inside the opposition's 10m line, in which case the tap is taken from the 10m line ), as opposed to a scrum.

In both codes of rugby, if the ball enters touch, then play is restarted ( either by a line-out in rugby union or a scrum in rugby league ) level with the point where the ball left the field of play.

Instead, a scrum takes place 20 metres infield from the spot where the ball went out and where a line-out would take place in rugby union.

The same positions are known as loose forward, stand-off and scrum half respectively in the Northern Hemisphere, where halfbacks refers to both the stand-off and scrum half.

His versatility as a prop was because he played at No. 8 for his school team ( Loretto School, Musselburgh ) where he was an early exponent of the " pick up and go " move from the base of the scrum.

In 1978 he joined Wakefield RFC as a scrum half in the third team before moving to centre and finally right wing for the first team where he played in over 300 games.

Breaks sometimes occur on Broad Street, but can occur anywhere where one side gains sufficient control of part of the scrum.

It is an imaginary line to the halfway line drawn across the pitch at the point where there is a breakdown in open play, such as a ruck, maul or scrum.

Kovalchuk assisted on two goals by teammate Kurtis Foster, scored a short-handed goal, then fought Brayden Schenn after a scrum formed when Flyers forward Zac Rinaldo performed a slew-foot on Devils captain Zach Parise.

A key difference between the two sports is that in rugby union both sets of forwards try to push the opposition backwards whilst competing for the ball and thus the team that did not throw the ball into the scrum have some chance of winning the possession.

A rugby union scrum consists of two team's eight forwards, with each team binding in three rows.

The two forward packs form a scrum by approaching to within an arms length of each other.

The referee then issues the pause command to inspect the scrum, and lastly engage and the two front rows come together.

The two " packs " of forwards form a scrum before the ball is put into the scrum.

The Canberra Raiders scrum half took squad number 26, and made his début against Harlequins RL on 25 May, scoring two tries.

In VIs, there are two " kicks " ( full-backs ), one " hotwatch " ( half-back ) and three " hot " ( scrum ) players ; in Xs, there are two kicks, three hotwatches and five hot players, and in XVs there are three kicks, four hotwatches and eight hot players.

Breaking any of these rules means that play is brought one or two posts back for a hot ( scrum ).

On 24 January Rotherham signed two scrum halves on trial, Dale Farnham joined from Plymouth Albion ; and Danny Matthews who had previously played at Leeds Met University alongside team mates Barney Maddison and Ben Hooper while playing at the University.

The corner of the North and LV Stand has a memorial for Nick Duncombe who was a promising scrum half for Harlequins and won two caps for England.