The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.

Therefore the second principle of the plan must be that, while providing for all-out hostilities, its effectiveness is not dependent on general war.

Many participants were among those 11 million or more protesters that on the weekend of February 15, 2003, participated in global protests against the imminent Iraq war and were dubbed the " world's second superpower " by an editorial in the New York Times.

His second war with Russia, which began in 1826, ended in a string of costly defeats after which Persia was forced to cede nearly all of its Armenian territories and Nakhchivan.

Abdur Rahman Khan was considered a strong ruler who re-established the writ of the Afghan government after the disarray that followed the second Anglo-Afghan war.

Barcelona remained the second largest city in Spain, at the heart of a region which was relatively industrialised and prosperous, despite the devastation of the civil war.

FBI pressure on Chaplin grew after his 1942 campaign for a second European front in the war and reached a critical level in the late 1940s, when Congressional figures threatened to call him as a witness in hearings.

Conservatism has been the major political force in France since the second world war.

Georges Dumézil in his controversial trifunctional hypothesis proposed that ancient societies had three main classes each with distinct functions: the first judicial and priestly ; the second connected with the military and war, while the third class focussed on production, agriculture, craft and commerce.

During world war one and two service personnel were issued pressed fibre Identity disks, one green octagonal shaped disc, and a red round disc ( some army units issued a second red round disk to be attached to the service respirator.

The term started to get its modern negative meaning with Cornelius Sulla's ascension to the dictatorship following Sulla's second civil war, making himself the first Dictator in more than a century ( during which the office was ostensibly abolished ) as well as de facto eliminating the time limit and need of senatorial acclamation, although he avoided a major constitutional crisis by resigning the office after about one year due to poor health, dying shortly after.

Prior to the second world war, the subject was commonly known as radio engineering and basically was restricted to aspects of communications and radar, commercial radio and early television.

The first ( 1642 – 46 ) and second ( 1648 – 49 ) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war ( 1649 – 51 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.

These stars often made several films a year, and their productions remained important for morale purposes during the second world war.

* 1895 – Revolution breaks out in Baire, a town near Santiago de Cuba, beginning the second war for Cuban independence, that ends with the Spanish-American War in 1898.

After their conquests in the Agrigentum campaign, and following several naval battles, Rome attempted ( 256 / 255 BC ) the second large scale land operation of the war.

Gamma World takes place in the mid-25th century, more than a century after a second nuclear war had destroyed human civilization.

To be a valid interest of collection it must be possible to obtain a complete collection, for example-British handheld weapons from before second world war -.

George Frederick rebuilt the palace and fortress Plassenburg, which was destroyed after the second margravian war ( 1552 – 1554 ), as one of the most impressive residences of the renaissance in the German empire.

Neither during the first victorious phase, nor during the second phase of the war when rebellion swept Mesopotamia did Hadrian do anything of note.

The adoption of Plan Dalet marked the second stage of the war, in which Haganah passed from the defensive to the offensive.

The 1948 Palestine war entered its second phase with the intervention of the Arab state armies and the beginning of the 1948 Arab – Israeli War.

He re-established military unity, bringing an end to the second phase of the civil war ; re-organised the military, which was then able to reconquer territory lost to the Ottoman military during the civil wars, and introduced the first modern quarantine system in Greece, which brought epidemics like typhoid fever, cholera and dysentery under control for the first time since the start of the War of Independence ;

The first and second Anglo-Sikh war marked the downfall of the Sikh Empire.

Her mother died in 1671, and her father remarried in 1673, taking as his second wife Mary of Modena, a Catholic who was only four years older than Mary.

The second pendulum clock, built by Christiaan Huygens in 1673.

As the second living son of his parents, his birth was not greeted with the enthusiasm the Duke of Valois had received in 1673.

As Royalist supporters ( despite the fact that Sarah's great uncle, James Temple, was convicted of regicide ), the Jennings ' loyalty to the crown, like the Churchill's, was repaid with court employment, and in 1673 Sarah followed her sister Frances into the household of the Duchess of York, Mary of Modena, second wife to James, Duke of York.

Although Frances was forced to give up the post because of her marriage to a Catholic, James did not forget the family, and in 1673 Sarah entered court as maid of honour to James ’ s second wife, Mary of Modena.

A devout Catholic, Mary became, in 1673, the second wife of James, Duke of York, who later succeeded his older brother Charles II as King James II.

Mary first saw her husband on 23 November 1673 OS, on the day of their second marriage ceremony.

This second comedy was published in 1673, but was probably acted late in 1671.

Stanhope was born in Paris in 1673, the eldest of the seven children of Alexander Stanhope ( 1638 – 1707 ), and his wife Katherine ( died 1718 ), the daughter and co-heir of Arnold Burghill, of Thinghall Parva, Withington, Herefordshire, by his second wife Grizell, co-heir of John Prise of Ocle Pyrchard, Herefordshire.

This U-turn of many Imperial States was made vivid when, in 1673, at the beginning of the second war of Louis XIV, they declared an imperial war on France.

The Society of Apothecaries is best known for its foundation in 1673 of the Chelsea Physic Garden, London, one of Europe's oldest botanical gardens, and the second oldest in Britain.

During his short second reign, the animosity of the Cantacuzinos exploded violently, and after the defeat of the Turks at Khotyn in 1673, Grigore was forced to flee to Constantinople ; the hostility of his opponents lost his throne and he will die in Constantinople in 1674.

His eldest son, the second Earl, succeeded his first cousin as fifth Earl of Warwick in 1673.

Campbell was consequently created Earl of Caithness in 1673, but after much litigation and even bloodshed, George Sinclair of Keiss ( d. 1698 ), second son of George, 5th Earl of Caithness ( d. 1643 ), recovered the estates, and successfully petitioned parliament regarding the earldom, which was removed from Campbell.

The second Earl had already been created Baron Duras in the Peerage of England in 1673 by the time he succeeded to the earldom in 1677.

* The second Royal Charles was a 100-gun ship of the line, launched in 1673, renamed Queen in 1693, rebuilt in 1715 and renamed Royal George, again rebuilt in 1756, renamed Royal Anne this time, and broken up in 1767.

The second verge pendulum clock built by Christian Huygens, inventor of the pendulum clock, 1673.

In 1673, the Polish hussars again fought a major battle on this site ( second Battle of Khotyn ).

However, Chortkiv would later decline in the second half of the 17th century during the Polish-Turkish Wars when the town was taken over by Ottoman Empire, whose rule lasted from 1673 to 1683.

Charles Eden ( 1673 – 26 March 1722 ) was the second Governor of the separate Colony of North Carolina.

On 2 April 1673, Bridgewater married his second wife Jane Paulet.