In 692, the Quinisext Council formally recognized and ranked the sees of the Pentarchy in order of preeminence, at that time Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem.

In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees.

Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees.

# First Council of Nicaea ( 325 ) repudiated Arianism, declared that Christ is " homoousios with the Father " ( of the same substance as the Father ), and adopted the original Nicene Creed, fixed Easter date ; recognized primacy of the sees of Rome, Alexandria and Antioch and granted the See of Jerusalem a position of honor.

Assuming Ignatius ' view was the Apostolic teaching and practice, the line of succession was unbroken and passed through the four ancient Patriarchal sees ( those local churches known to be founded by apostles ), Rome, Jerusalem, Antioch and Alexandria.

Elliott sees this as grounds to reject the idea that the epistle refers to official persecution, because the first worldwide persecution of Christians officially meted by Rome did not occur until the persecution initiated by Decius in AD 250.

Though all episcopal sees may be considered " holy ", the expression " the Holy See " ( without further specification ) is normally used in international relations ( and in the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church ) to refer to the See of Rome viewed as the central government of the Roman Catholic Church.

He was destined later to bring about reconciliation between Flavian I of Antioch, the successor of Alexandria and Rome, thus bringing those three sees into communion for the first time in nearly seventy years.

) she sees a thousand discordant opinions live in the strictest harmony ... it will finally raise her to a pitch of greatness and lustre, before which the glory of ancient Greece and Rome shall dwindle to a point, and the splendor of modern Empires fade into obscurity.

In 325, the First Council of Nicaea condemned Arianism, declaring trinitarianism dogmatic, and in its sixth canon recognized the special role of the sees of Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch.

Bernard refused to give up his claims to the sees, and William travelled to Rome and presented his case before Honorius.

Gregory also promoted the Church in northern Europe ; he supported the continuing mission of Saint Boniface in Germany, elevating him to the rank of archbishop of Germany in 732, and after a personal visit to Rome from Boniface in 737, where he was meant to attend a synod which does not appear to have been held, Gregory made Boniface a Papal legate in Germany, and asked him to reorganize the Episcopal sees in Germany.

This decision was exceedingly unpopular, and those affected at sees distant from Rome not only ignored the synod ’ s instructions, but proceeded to write letters both condemning the revoking of ordinations as well as justifying validity of the original ordinations.

* March 12 – Innocent I dies after a 16-year reign in which he has restored relations between the sees of Rome and Antioch, enforced celibacy of the clergy, and maintained the right of the bishop of Rome to judge appeals from other churches.

While the see of Constantinople became dominant throughout the Emperor's lands, the West looked exclusively to the see of Rome, which in the East was seen as that of one of the five patriarchs of the Pentarchy, " the proposed government of universal Christendom by five patriarchal sees under the auspices of a single universal empire.

Formulated in the legislation of the emperor Justinian I ( 527 – 565 ), especially in his Novella 131, the theory received formal ecclesiastical sanction at the Council in Trullo ( 692 ), which ranked the five sees as Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem.

His first act was to send home to their sees the bishops who were sojourning in Rome, for the Council of Trent had insisted that every bishop reside in his diocese.

Together with the minor basilica of St Lawrence outside the Walls, they were associated with the five ancient patriarchal sees of Christendom ( see Pentarchy ): St John Lateran was associated with Rome, St Peter's with Constantinople ( present-day Istanbul ), St Paul's with Alexandria ( in Egypt ), St Mary Major with Antioch ( the Levant ) and St Lawrence with Jerusalem.

Accepted by the sees of Rome, Constantinople, and Antioch, the Chalcedonian settlement encountered strong resistance in Alexandria ( and in Egypt generally ), leading ultimately to the schism between the Oriental Orthodox churches ( which reject Chalcedon ), on the one hand, and the so-called Chalcedonian churches on the other.

The four early Orthodox patriarchates of the East, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, along with their counterpart in the West, Rome, are distinguished as " senior " ( Greek: πρεσβυγενή, presbygenē, " senior-born ") or " ancient " ( παλαίφατα, palaíphata, " of ancient fame ") and are among the apostolic sees, having had one of the Apostles or Evangelists as their first bishop: Andrew, Mark, Peter, James, and Peter again, respectively.

The Church therefore sees the Palmarian claim that the See of St. Peter has been transferred from the Rome to another location as a heresy.

Hobbes then goes on to criticise what he sees as many of the practices of Catholicism: " Now for the worship of saints, and images, and relics, and other things at this day practised in the Church of Rome, I say they are not allowed by the word of God ".

When the proposed government of universal Christendom by five patriarchal sees ( Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, known as the pentarchy ), under the auspices of a single universal empire, was formulated in the legislation of Emperor Justinian I ( 527-565 ), especially in his Novella 131, and received formal ecclesiastical sanction at the Council in Trullo ( 692 ), the name " patriarch " became the official one for the Bishops of these sees, and the title " Exarch " remained the proper style of the metropolitans who ruled over the three remaining ( political ) dioceses of Diocletian's division of the Eastern Prefecture, namely the Exarchs of Asia ( at Ephesus ), of Cappadocia and Pontus ( at Caesarea ), and of Thrace ( at Heraclea Sintica ).

This long running conflict widened with the third canon of the First Council of Constantinople which granted the see of Constantinople primacy over the older sees of Alexandria and Antioch.

Thus, the struggle between the sees of Alexandria and Antioch now included Constantinople.

Once there, they refused to recognise Gregory's position as head of the church of Constantinople, arguing that his transfer from the See of Sasima was canonically illegitimate because one of the canons of the Council of Nicaea had forbidden bishops to transfer from their sees.

The Patriarchs of Constantinople and of Antioch participated in person, whereas the patriarchates of Alexandria and Jerusalem were represented by Byzantine appointees ( because of the Arab conquest there was at this date no patriarch in either of these sees ).

His actual position is Patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, one of the fourteen autocephalous and several autonomous churches and the most senior ( though not oldest ) of the four orthodox ancient primatial sees among the five patriarchal Christian centers comprising the ancient Pentarchy of the undivided Church.

Under Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary ( 1490 – 1516 ) he became successively bishop of Eger, the richest of the Hungarian sees, archbishop of Esztergom ( 1497 ), cardinal ( 1500 ), and titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople ( 1510 ).

In gratitude, he determined to bestow on the see of Peter " power, and dignity of glory, and vigour, and honour imperial ", and " supremacy as well over the four principal sees, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Constantinople, as also over all the churches of God in the whole earth ".

The advance of Constantinople put an end to these exarchates, which fell back to the state of ordinary metropolitan sees ( Fortescue, Orthodox Eastern Church, 21-25 ).

When Meletius died at the First Council of Constantinople in 378, Paulinus should have been accepted as the one bishop, but the Meletians secured the appointment of Flavian I of Antioch and the schism endured for some time longer, until John Chrysostom secured reconciliation between Flavian and the sees of Alexandria and Rome, and the Eustathians at Antioch accepted Flavian.

Roderick Beaton, considering the evidence of the usage of the term “ Hellenes ” in the 12th century, sees the reevaluation of the term as occurring before the loss of Constantinople in 1204.

" A century after the Council of Chalcedon ( 451 ) and the ensuing schism between those who accepted it and those who rejected it, the theory of the Pentarchy was given expression: " formulated in the legislation of the emperor Justinian I ( 527 – 565 ), especially in his Novella 131, the theory received formal ecclesiastical sanction at the Council in Trullo ( 692 ), which ranked the five sees as Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem.

Many syncelloi would go on to become Patriarchs of Constantinople, or Bishops of other sees ( for example George's colleague, John, another syncellus under Patriarch Tarasius, who became Metropolitan Bishop of Sardis in 803 ).

The name was used by Patriarch Callistus I of Constantinople in 1361 when he created two metropolitan sees: the one called Great Rus ’ in Vladimir and Kiev and the other one called Little Rus ’ with the centers in Galich ( Halych ) and Novgorodok ( Navahrudak ).

The Second Ecumenical Council, held at the new capital in 381, elevated the see of Constantinople to a position ahead of the other chief metropolitan sees, except that of Rome, which was stated to have the greatest honor.

The 8th-century forgery known as the Donation of Constantine, according to which Emperor Constantine I anachronistically granted the see of Rome " supremacy as well over the four principal sees, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Constantinople, as also over all the churches of God in the whole earth " was not used by the Popes in the 9th and 10th centuries, not even in the conflict between Pope Nicholas I and Photius I of Constantinople.

By 1073 there were only two Englishmen in episcopal sees, and by the time of William's death in 1089, there was only one, Wulfstan II of Worcester.

The earlier archbishopric seat in Hamburg had been attacked and destroyed several times, and thereafter the sees of Hamburg and Bremen were combined for protection.

An explanation suggests that the delegates were bishops in the actual sense of the term, but that they did not possess fixed sees nor had they a special title.

The Greek Orthodox clergy were removed from their sees and replaced with Latin clerics.

In 1965 Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals would also be part of the episcopal order, ranked after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees ( who had been relieved of direct responsibilities for those sees by Pope John XXIII three years earlier ).

The Catholic Church sees as the main basis for this belief the words of Jesus himself at his Last Supper: the Synoptic Gospels (; ; ) and Saint Paul's recount that in that context Jesus said of what to all appearances were bread and wine: " This is my body … this is my blood.

All this hardly concerned European cinema, where those few reverse-angle cuts used were mostly between a watcher and what he sees from his Point of View, both being filmed in a fairly distant shot.

The Church in Britain seems to have developed the customary diocesan system, as evidenced from the records of the Council of Arles in Gaul in 314: represented at the Council were bishops from thirty-five sees from Europe and North Africa, including three bishops from Britain, Eborius of York, Restitutus of London, and Adelphius, possibly a bishop of Lincoln.

Starting in 1019, Albanian dioceses of the Byzantine rite were suffragans of the independent Archdiocese of Ohrid until Dyrrachion and Nicopolis, were re-established as metropolitan sees.

The three Archbishops oversaw the most venerable and powerful sees in Germany, while the other four were supposed to represent the dukes of the four nations ( the Franks, Swabians, Saxons and Bavarians ); they also hold great offices in the imperial household.

Since prince-episcopal sees were so influential, competing candidates usually ran for them.

Erich Fromm identifies Marx, together with Freud and Albert Einstein, as the " architects of the modern age ", but rejects the idea that Marx and Freud were equally significant, emphasizing that he sees Marx as both far more historically important than Freud and a finer thinker.

Sometimes, when some male fiefs were conceded by special privilege to women, they took the rank of chevaleresse, as one sees plainly in Hemricourt where women who were not wives of knights are called chevaleresses.

At the close of the 15th century, under the Turkish domination, there were only ten suffragan sees, which gradually grew less and finally disappeared.

The audience sees events through the leading actor's eyes, as if they were experiencing the events themselves.

Benedict XIII, whose orders were descended from Scipione Rebiba, personally consecrated at least 139 bishops for various important European sees, including German, French, English and New World bishops.

Philippe Derchain and Heinz Josef Thissen have argued that all three versions were composed simultaneously, while Stephen Quirke sees in the decree " an intricate coalescence of three vital textual traditions ".

Paul thus sees it as a problem of evil, because this means, throughout human history, over 50 billion people died naturally before they were old enough to give mature consent.

Although zombie cannibals were inspired by Matheson's I Am Legend, film historian Robin Wood sees the flesh-eating scenes of Night of the Living Dead as a late-1960s critique of American capitalism.

But if Priscillianist bishops hesitated to be barred from their sees, a passionately concerned segment of Christian communities in Iberia were disaffected from the more orthodox hierarchy and welcomed the tolerant Arian Visigoths.

The narrative states that the Æsir foresaw his arrival and had prepared grand illusions for him, so that when Gangerli enters the fortress, he sees a hall of such a height that he has trouble seeing over it, and notices that the roof of the hall is covered in golden shields, as if they were shingles.

Before the French Revolution it had as suffragan sees Carpentras, Vaison and Cavaillon, which were united by the Napoleonic Concordat of 1801 to Avignon, together with the Diocese of Apt, a suffragan of Aix-en-Provence.