In the early studies, a human sender was typically present at the remote location, as part of the experiment protocol.

In these investigations, a sender, who was isolated in a visually opaque, electrically and acoustically shielded chamber, was stimulated at random by bursts of strobe-light flickers The experimenters reported that, for one receiver, differential alpha block on control and stimulus trials were observed, which showed that some information transfer had occurred.

In version 0. 4 of the protocol, the number of actively connected nodes for a client was quite small ( around 5 ), so each node then forwarded the request to all its actively connected nodes, and they in turn forwarded the request, and so on, until the packet reached a predetermined number of hops from the sender ( maximum 7 ).

The latter is used to detect whether a message has been altered since it was completed ( the message integrity property ), and the former to determine whether it was actually sent by the person / entity claimed to be the sender ( a digital signature ).

With its introduction, the postage fee was now to be paid by the sender and not the recipient, though it was still possible to send mail without prepaying.

As an electric current was applied by the sender representing each digit of a message, it would at the recipient's end electrolyse the acid in its corresponding tube, releasing a stream of hydrogen bubbles next to its associated letter or numeral.

The sender also keeps a timer from when the packet was sent, and retransmits a packet if the timer expires before the message has been acknowledged.

The BECN bit can be set to 1 to indicate that congestion was experienced in the network in the direction opposite of the frame transmission, so it informs the sender that congestion has occurred.

" A more complex handshaking protocol might allow the sender to ask the receiver if he is ready to receive or for the receiver to reply with a negative acknowledgement meaning " I did not receive your last message correctly, please resend it " ( e. g. if the data was corrupted en route ).

While the Quantum Link service ran on a Commodore 64, using only the Commodore's PETSCII text-graphics, the screen was visually divided into sections and OLMs would appear as a yellow bar saying " Message From :" and the name of the sender along with the message across the top of whatever the user was already doing, and presented a list of options for responding.

A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, and that it was not altered in transit.

For messages sent through a nonsecure channel, a properly implemented digital signature gives the receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender.

Pink hydrangeas have many different meanings, but generally means, " You are the beat of my heart ", as described by the celebrated Asian florist Tan Jun Yong, where he was quoted saying, " The light delicate blush of the petals reminds me of a beating heart, while the size could only match the heart of the sender!

This was potentially slower and used up a telephone line, but had the major advantage of allowing the user to transmit data back to the sender.

Presumably for the purpose of getting a prompt reply, a sender was given the opportunity to pay for postage both ways with an attached message-reply card, first introduced by Germany in 1873.

For example, the pound sign "£" will appear as " Â £" if it was encoded by the sender as UTF-8 but interpreted by the recipient as CP1252 or ISO 8859-1.

The film was processed, mounted in 2 " x 2 " cardboard mounts in the case of 35 mm slides, and returned by mail to the sender.

( In order not to interpret +++ which may be a part of data as the escape sequence the sender stops communication for one second before and after the +++). When the modem encounters this in a stream of data, it switches from its normal mode of operation which simply sends any characters to the phone, to a command mode in which the following data is assumed to be a part of the command language.

For instance if different data types ( part of a specification like dates ) is used to generate reports the reports will be different and not the same in the sender and receivers applications.

These unofficial rubber stamps, whether disseminating mailartists ' messages or simply announcing the identity of the sender, help to transform humble postcards into artworks and make envelopes an important part of the Mail Art experience.

At this point, the original specification had the receiver either connect to the given address and port and wait for data, or ignore the request, but for clients supporting the DCC RESUME extension, a third alternative is to ask the sender to skip part of the file by sending the CTCP reply:

Trusting behaviour on the part of the sender and the eventual trustworthiness of the receiver was exemplified through the giving of money.

Since Richter already had a number of original songs ready-made, eliminating the need to jam, they were able to quickly record a demo tape intended to be sent to the competition ' Rock Grand Prix ' in their hometown Aarhus, and had to hurriedly come up with a name before posting it, resulting in Jascha inscribing on it the name of the sender as ' Michael Learns to Rock ', partly inspired by a line from his school English textbook and partly in pun at the fact that they were a pop band taking part in a rock concert.

However, some VERP implementations use message number or random key as part of VERP, which causes each post to the mailing list to be delayed unless the greylisting system treats " similar " sender addresses as being equivalent.

In the UK, freepost envelopes can be hand addressed by the sender ; this simply requires including the word " FREEPOST " and the recipient's permit number as part of the address.

Radio transmitters of all kinds, including the garage door opener, cordless telephone, cellular phone, wireless video sender, wireless microphone, and many others fall into this category.

DDR uses existing Public Switched Telephone Network ( PSTN ) lines – or the network of all public circuit-switched telephone networks-to form a connection between the sender and receiver.

A sender was a circuit in a 20th century electromechanical telephone exchange which sent telephone numbers and other information to another exchange.

A facsimile advertisement containing a telephone number and an instruction to call if the recipient no longer wishes to receive such faxes, would constitute a " negative option " as the sender presumes consent unless advised otherwise.

* Digital signatures: a message signed with a sender's private key can be verified by anyone who has access to the sender's public key, thereby proving that the sender had access to the private key and, therefore, is likely to be the person associated with the public key used.

Negative moods are labeled as nonconstructive because it can affect a person ’ s ability to process information ; making them focus solely on the sender of a message, while people in positive moods will pay more attention to both the sender and the context of a message.

The spirit appears as directed by the summoner in order to contact a person with whom the sender has a strong emotional bond.

Later modifications changed the original CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 by ( 1 ) Adding a definition of the term " person "; ( 2 ) Modifying the term " sender "; ( 3 ) Clarifying that a sender may comply with the act by including a post office box or private mailbox and ( 4 ) Clarifying that to submit a valid opt-out request, a recipient cannot be required to pay a fee, provide information other than his or her email address and opt-out preferences, or take any other steps other than sending a reply email message or visiting a single page on an Internet website.

A CAN-SPAM plaintiff must satisfy a higher standard of proof as compared with government agencies enforcing the Act ; thus, a private plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant either sent the email at issue or paid another person to send it knowing that the sender would violate the Act.

" The consulate asks for the name of the sender so that they may thank the individual in person, but the identity of the donor remains a mystery.

The UK's Unsolicited Goods and Services Act ( 1971, as amended ) states ... a person who ... receives unsolicited goods, may ... use, deal with or dispose of them as if they were an unconditional gift to him, and any right of the sender to the goods shall be extinguished.

Standardized wording is used and the person receiving the message may repeat critical parts of the message back to the sender.

When sending mail from the UK to a member of HM Forces serving overseas, the sender must address it to the appropriate BFPO number, and not to the country in which that person is based.

The CAN-SPAM Act was updated with some new regulations including a no fee provision for opting out, further definition of " sender ", post office or private mail boxes count as a " valid physical postal address " and definition of " person ".

* Co-active signing: The sender moves and manipulates the hands and arms of the Deafblind person to form sign shapes, or fingerspelt words.

No person that wrote to request the dollar is believed to have ever received one and many were said to have been marked as " return to sender.