The shutter speed dial of a Nikkormat | Nikkormat EL

The added electronics added 2mm of height to the top plate, and the shutter dial was reversed from previous models ( traditionally, turning clockwise increased shutter speed ).

Same taller top plate and counter-clockwise shutter dial as the M6 TTL.

For mechanical Minox 8x11 cameras, a separate shutter speed dial sets the shutter speed from 1 / 2 to 1 / 1000 second, plus B and T ( BL has no T ).

For electromagnetic shutter cameras, the shutter dial starts with 1 / 15 sec end with 1 / 1000 ( Minox C ), or starts with 1 / 30 and ends with 1 / 2000 ( Minox LX / TLX / CLX ); the electromagnetic Minox camera also has an ' A ' setting for automatic exposure, controlled by the built in exposure meter.

It also added a new mechanism for slow shutter speeds with a separate selector dial on the front of the camera.

This mechanism was unreliable, so the improved Zorki 3M of 1954 combined all of the shutter speeds on a single dial.

* Program mode, aperture priority, shutter priority, and manual modes on the mode dial in SLR photographic cameras

A mode dial showing shutter priority mode, aperture priority mode, List of digital camera modes # Manual modes | Program mode, List of digital camera modes # Manual modes | Manual mode, and List of digital camera modes # Automatic modes | scene modes.

There are also mixed reports that the shutter speed dial should only be turned clock-wise, never anti-clock-wise.

Not only was the combined shutter speed dial and film advance knob placed at the more conventional position, it became much easier and quicker to operate.

On the later color dial cameras, the 1 / 50 marking on the shutter speed dial was painted chromate yellow, while the speeds of T, B, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 25 were black, and 100, 250, 500, and 1250 red.

Speed shutter dial, advance lever with shutter button, and frame counter.

Previous screw mount Leicas used two separate shutter speed dials for slow and fast speeds ( the fast speed dial on top of the camera rotated during firing ).

V ( B ) 1938-Identical to 1c except with a faster 1 / 1000 " second shutter speed and a slow speed dial.

The only external differences were the red 250 setting on the shutter speed dial and the N serial number prefix.

Has TTL exposure, aperture priority and manual exposure, electronic shutter and two mechanical speeds of 1 / 60 and 1 / 125.

The major improvements in the FM3A compared to the FM2N are the hybrid electro-mechanically controlled aluminium-bladed focal plane shutter, the aperture priority auto-exposure mode, the match-needle exposure control system and provision for through-the-lens ( TTL ) off-the-film ( OTF ) electronic flash automation.

The FA also used the ultra-fast, bearing-mounted, honeycomb-patterned, titanium-bladed shutter and through-the-lens ( TTL ) off-the-film ( OTF ) electronic flash automation of the FE2, but added a digital liquid crystal display ( LCD ) information panel at the top left of the viewfinder to indicate the readings of the built-in, open aperture, through-the-lens ( TTL ) light meter versus the actual camera settings.

The major improvements in the FE2 compared to the FE are silicon photodiode light meter sensors, internal printed circuit electronics, provision for through-the-lens ( TTL ) off-the-film ( OTF ) electronic flash automation ( essentially identical to the system introduced in the Nikon FG in 1982 ) and a quartz oscillator timed, bearing-mounted, titanium-bladed shutter reaching an ultra-fast top speed of 1 / 4000th second ( plus world's fastest X-sync to 1 / 250th second ).

The FE was discontinued with the introduction of the visually similar FE2, which had faster top and sync shutter speeds, as well as TTL ( through-the-lens ) flash metering, but which was no longer compatible with non-AI lenses.

In manual mode, a black needle points out the shutter speed recommended by the built-in, open aperture, through-the-lens ( TTL ), silicon photodiode ( SPD ) light meter, with 60 / 40 percent centerweighting, while a translucent green needle shows the actual camera set shutter speed.

* Shutter speeds: 1 sec., 1 / 2, 1 / 4, 1 / 8, 1 / 15, 1 / 30, at 1 / 50 for flash synch, 1 / 60, 1 / 125, 1 / 250, 1 / 500, 1 / 1000, B TTL adds " off " position to shutter dial

Using old VistaVision cameras ( for their high image resolution ), created by engineers at Paramount Pictures in 1954, and hand wire wrapped TTL chips, the all-digitally controlled system allowed for 7 axes of motion: roll, pan, tilt, swing, boom, traverse, track, lens focus, motor drive, shutter control, and their duplication in multiple takes.

Experiments have shown that the shutter is 75 percent open in about 60-80 microseconds.

For example, DVMP Pro is able to " burn " timecode or other items of DV metadata ( such as date and time, iris, shutter speed, gain, white balance mode, etc.

A roller shutter or sectional overhead door is one variant of this type.

Serial time encoded amplified microscopy ( STEAM ) is an imaging method that provides ultrafast shutter speed and frame rate, by using optical image amplification to circumvent the fundamental trade-off between sensitivity and speed, and a single-pixel photodetector to eliminate the need for a detector array and readout time limitations The method is at least 1000 times faster than the state-of-the-art CCD and CMOS cameras.

Audiences still interpret motion at rates as low as ten frames per second or slower ( as in a flipbook ), but the flicker caused by the shutter of a film projector is distracting below the 16-frame threshold.

In physical film systems, it is necessary to pull down the film frame, and this pulling-down needs to be obscured by a shutter to avoid the appearance of blurring ; therefore, there needs to be at least one flicker per frame in film.

When the shutter is released, the mirror moves out of the light path, and the light shines directly onto the film ( or in the case of a DSLR, the CCD or CMOS imaging sensor ).

When an image is taken, the mirror moves upwards from its resting position in the direction of the arrow, the focal plane shutter ( 3 ) opens, and the image is projected onto the film or sensor ( 4 ) in exactly the same manner as on the focusing screen.

Almost all contemporary SLRs use a focal-plane shutter located in front of the film plane, which prevents the light from reaching the film even if the lens is removed, except when the shutter is actually released during the exposure.

They differ, though, in usually being formed of several slats or blades, rather than single curtains as with horizontal designs, as there is rarely enough room above and below the frame for a one-piece shutter.

Another shutter system is the leaf shutter, whereby the shutter is constructed of diaphragm-like blades and can be situated either between the lens or behind the lens.

If the shutter is part of a lens assembly some other mechanism is required to ensure that no light reaches the film between exposures.

An example of a behind-the-lens leaf shutter is found in the 35 mm SLRs produced by Kodak, with their Retina Reflex camera line ; Topcon, with their Auto 100 ; and Kowa with their SE-R and SET-R reflexes.

A shutter is then lowered for a variable delay period, screening off the cups from the monkey's view.

The direction of the slant depends on the direction the shutter curtains run in ( noting also that as in all cameras the image is inverted and reversed by the lens, i. e. " top-left " is at the bottom right of the sensor as seen by a photographer behind the camera ).

After the flight, he claimed this was easy, but his space suit ballooned from its internal pressure against the vacuum of space, stiffening so much that he could not activate the shutter on his chest-mounted camera.

However, factors such as forced or non-standard development ( such as bleach bypass or cross processing ), compensation for filters or shutter angle, as well as intended under-and over-exposure may cause the cinematographer to actually " rate " the stock differently from the EI.

Early focal-plane shutters designed from the 1930s onwards usually consisted of two curtains that travelled horizontally across the film gate: an opening shutter curtain followed by a closing shutter curtain.

After the delay, the shutter opens and the monkey is allowed to retrieve the food from under the cups.

One very promising looking treatment is for the person suffering from motion sickness to wear LCD shutter glasses that create a stroboscopic vision of 4 Hz with a dwell of 10 milliseconds.

Image: ChangXingongdeng. jpg | A gilt bronze lamp with a shutter, in the shape of a maidservant, from the Western Han Dynasty, 2nd century BC

Because of its elevation, from 1796 to 1816 Putney Heath hosted a station in the shutter telegraph chain, which connected the Admiralty in London to its naval ships in Portsmouth.

The TV camera consisted of a vidicon tube, 25 millimeter and 100 millimeter focal-length lenses, a shutter, several optical filters, and iris-system mounted along an axis inclined approximately 16 degrees from the central axis of Surveyor 1.

Because of its elevation, Strumpshaw hosted, from the late 1790s through to the mid 1810s, a repeater station in the shutter telegraph chain linking the Admiralty in London with Great Yarmouth.

The LCD shutter glasses rapidly alternate between the left and right lenses being opaque, used in tandem with two different alternating images flashed from the TV synchronized with the switching of the 3-D Glasses to create a natural stereoscopic 3D effect.

And as a pre-condition, she required the officials of Coventry to forbid the populace " upon a great pain " from watching her, and to shut themselves in and shutter all windows on the day of her ride.

The XPan reverted to the focal plane shutter, offering 8 – 1 / 1000 s, and flash sync from B ( max.

** MPP MicroPress — English design focal plane shutter camera from 1950s, based on top rangefinder Speed Graphic

When a slower shutter speed is selected, a longer time passes from the moment the shutter opens till the moment it closes.

The focal plane shutter had a range from 1 / 20 to 1 / 500 second, in addition to a Z for Zeit ( time ) position.

The first production cameras had a stainless steel body, a spring drive that could shoot 4 frames per second, and a rotary shutter with speeds from 1 to 1 / 500th second.

They retained the behind-the-lens rotary shutter with speeds from 1 / 2 to 1 / 500 s.