The cheirosiphōnes especially were prescribed for use at land and in sieges, both against siege machines and against defenders on the walls, by several 10th-century military authors, and their use is depicted in the Poliorcetica of Hero of Byzantium. The Byzantine dromons usually had a siphōn installed on their prow under the forecastle, but additional devices could also on occasion be placed elsewhere on the ship.

Philip began another siege in 339 of the city of Byzantium.

* Philip II fails in his siege of Byzantium and is forced to respond to attacks by the Scythians near the mouth of the Danube.

* The Athenians give Demosthenes a public vote of thanks after Philip's unsuccessful siege of Byzantium.

It was more against his brother than his foreign enemies that Nicomedes now called in the assistance of more powerful auxiliaries and entered into an alliance with the Celts who, under Leonnorius and Lutarius, had arrived on the opposite side of the Bosphorus and were, at this time, engaged in the siege of Byzantium, 277 BC.

During the early Byzantine – Arab Wars the Arab armies attempted to invade southeast Europe via Asia Minor during the late seventh and early eighth centuries, but were defeated at the siege of Constantinople by the joint forces of Byzantium and the Bulgars.

Byzantium was now placed under siege, forcing Niger to abandon the city and retreat back to Nicaea.

Byzantium held out against the invasions of the centuries with a vitality that the Western Roman Empire lost, repelling the Visigoths, the Huns, the Saracens, the Mongols and finally the Turks ( during the first siege ).

The actions of the general Pausanias at the siege of Byzantium alienated many of the Greek states from the Spartans, and the anti-Persian alliance was therefore reconstituted around Athenian leadership, as the so-called Delian League.

Between 920 and 922, Bulgaria increased its pressure on Byzantium, campaigning in the west through Thessaly reaching the Isthmus of Corinth and in the east in Thrace, reaching and crossing the Dardanelles to lay siege on the town of Lampsacus.

It was one of the most important strongholds of the Byzantine Empire from the 5th century AD onwards, and was fought over by Byzantines and Bulgarians, being captured and incorporated in the lands of the First Bulgarian Empire in 812 by Khan Krum after a two week siege only to be ceded back to Byzantium by Knyaz Boris I in 864 and reconquered by his son Tsar Simeon the Great.

The Patria also mention the existence of another wall during the siege of Byzantium by Constantine the Great ( r. 306 – 337 ) during the latter's conflict with Licinius ( r. 308 – 324 ), in 324.

Shortly afterward Philip broke off the siege of Byzantium ; Cawkwell suggests that Philip had decided to deal with Athens once and for all.

Successive emperors, starting with Constantine, privileged the eastern city of Byzantium, which he had entirely rebuilt after a siege.

As all attempts to conduct a satisfactory negotiation with this emperor failed, Alaric, after instituting a second siege and blockade of Rome in 409, came to terms with the Senate.

The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch ; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with Alexios in the Balkans, but was blockaded by the Byzantine forces and agreed to become Alexios ' vassal by the Treaty of Devol in 1108.

Marlborough could not attack Dillingen because of a lack of siege guns – he was unable to bring any from the Low Countries, and Baden had failed to supply any despite assurances to the contrary.

A December 1093 attempt to break the siege failed.

It succeeded in retaking Orléans, but failed to break the siege.

The Reds ' major attempts to break the siege of Tampere from outside, along the Helsinki-Tampere railway, failed.

* 1704 1 August ( NS ): ( 21 July ( OS )) – During the War of the Spanish Succession, and when returning from a failed expedition to Barcelona, an Anglo-Dutch fleet, under the command of Sir George Rooke, chief commander of the Alliance Navy, began a new siege ( the eleventh siege of the town ).

Conrad II's army arrived to Lusatia in the autumn of 1029 and began the siege of Bautzen ; but the German troops did not receive the promised support of the Lutici tribe and the expedition failed.

He then laid siege to Vienna in 1529, but failed to take the city after the onset of winter forced his retreat.

The unsuccessful siege ( the Turks managed to capture the Isle of Gozo together with Fort Saint Elmo on the main island of Malta, but failed elsewhere and retreated ) was the second and last defeat experienced by Suleiman the Magnificent ( who died a year later, in 1566 ) after the likewise inconclusive first Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1529.

After a failed attempt to move on Baghdad, stopped by the Ottomans at the bloody Battle of Ctesiphon, the British and their large contingent of Indian sepoy soldiers were forced to retreat to Kut, where the Ottomans under German General Baron Colmar von der Goltz laid siege.

After the failed assault, Grant decided to settle for a siege lasting seven weeks.

* November 17 – American Civil War – The Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee under siege ( the 2-week-long siege and 1 failed attack are unsuccessful ).

* Siege of Perusia: After a last attempt to break the siege, which failed ; Lucius Antonius surrenders to Octavian.

Dresden suffered heavy destruction in the Seven Years ' War ( 1756 – 1763 ), following its capture by Prussian forces, its subsequent re-capture, and a failed Prussian siege in 1760.

In 911 Rollo's forces launched a failed attack on Paris before laying siege to Chartres.

Hims was not seriously threatened, but a month-long siege of Tripoli in December failed.

The army attempting to relieve Narbonne met him in open battle at the Battle of the River Berre and was destroyed, but Charles failed in his attempt to take Narbonne by siege in 737, when the city was jointly defended by its Muslim Arab and Berber, and its Christian Visigothic citizens.

Austrian and Russian attempts to break the siege failed, but spread the French thin enough that the siege could be abandoned on 31 July so other battles could be fought.

In August 1436, James failed humiliatingly in his siege of Roxburgh Castle and then faced an ineffective attempt by Sir Robert Graham to arrest him at a general council.

The latter state was forced to surrender to Athens after a siege, and to accept the position of a subject-ally ( c. 456 BC ).

* 1826 – French philhellene Charles Nicolas Fabvier forces his way through the Turkish cordon and ascends the Acropolis of Athens, which had been under siege.

* 1924 – AEK Athens FC is established on the anniversary of the siege of Constantinople by the Turks.

Facing starvation and disease from the prolonged siege, Athens surrendered in 404 BC, and its allies soon surrendered as well.

* 405 BC: The Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens, which makes the city start starving.

Although his army lacked the siege instruments needed to take the Roman capital of Constantinople, they did raid Greece, leaving only small areas of the country unravaged, including the city of Athens.

* 405 Lysander captures Athenian fleet, Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens, Cleophon executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens

Athens sent their admiral, Conon, to relieve the siege.

The Spartan king, Pausanias, laid siege to Athens while Lysander's fleet blockaded the port city of Piraeus.

* The Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens while Lysander's fleet blockades Piraeus.

Athens sends a member of the board, Admiral Conon, to relieve the siege of Mytilene.

* After Athens surrenders following a long siege by Macedonian forces, Antigonus II Gonatas re-garrisons Athens and forbids the city from making war.

* After suffering a defeat in which the Athenian commander Lamachus is killed, Demosthenes suggests that they immediately give up the siege of Syracuse and return to Athens, where they are needed to defend against a Spartan invasion of Attica.

* Athens responds to appeals from its general, Nicias, by sending out 73 vessels to Sicily under the command of Demosthenes to assist Nicias and his forces with the siege of Syracuse.

Athens under Kimon lays siege to Thasos after the Athenian fleet defeats the Thasos fleet.

Following this, Athens places Potidaea, a tributary ally of Athens but a colony of Corinth, under siege.

* Athens falls to Demetrius Poliorcetes after a bitter siege, and its tyrant Lachares is killed.

Pyrrhus takes Thessaly and the western half of Macedonia and, with the assistance of Ptolemy's fleet, relieves Athens from Demetrius ' siege.

* After a two year siege, Thasos falls to the Athenians under Kimon who compels the Thasians to destroy their walls, surrender their ships, pay an indemnity and an annual contribution to Athens.

In the wake of Athens ' surrender, the long walls were torn down and the troops besieging the city returned to their various homes ; a Spartan garrison probably remained in Athens to supervise the dismantling of the walls ; Lysander sailed off to Samos to complete the siege of that city.