The solid-state nature of the FSW process, combined with its unusual tool and asymmetric nature, results in a highly characteristic microstructure.

The solid-state nature of FSW leads to several advantages over fusion welding methods as problems associated with cooling from the liquid phase are avoided.

Modern engines utilize solid-state control which allows the fuel pressure to be controlled via pulse-width modulation of the pump voltage.

The AIM-7F, which entered service in 1976, had a dual-stage rocket motor for longer range, solid-state electronics for greatly improved reliability, and a larger warhead.

The same principle is also used for the switch matrix in solid-state pinball machines.

With this concept, one can construct a solid-state mixing board, for example.

Freeman John Dyson FRS ( born December 15, 1923 ) is a British-born American theoretical physicist and mathematician, famous for his work in quantum electrodynamics, solid-state physics, astronomy and nuclear engineering.

The heat emitted by this decay was converted into electricity for the spacecraft through the solid-state Seebeck effect.

:* Electronic properties of materials, and solid-state physics, for the understanding of the electronic, thermal, magnetic, and optical properties of materials

Neodymium glass solid-state lasers are used in extremely high power ( terawatt scale ), high energy ( megajoules ) multiple beam systems for inertial confinement fusion.

Except for the main cathode ray tube ( CRT ), the company had completely switched from tubes to solid-state television sets by 1975.

R. Hilsch and R. W. Pohl in 1938 demonstrated a solid-state amplifier using a structure resembling the control grid of a vacuum tube ; although the device displayed power gain, it had a cut-off frequency of one cycle per second, too low for any practical applications, but an effective application of the available theory.

Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor ( FET ) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode.

In 1968, Robert Moog developed one of the first solid-state musical vocoder for electronic music studio of University at Buffalo.

The required performance characteristics make this a suitable candidate for the use of a solid-state drive ( SSD ) device, or a RAID system with write-back cache, though the latter can reduce data safety in the event of power problems.

Robotics. com Example implementation for digital solid-state compass.

The model below seems to work well for most optically-pumped solid-state lasers.

Although other forms of storage are viable ( such as magnetic tape and solid-state drives ) disk drives have continued to offer the best fit for cost, performance, and capacity.

The NAND type is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, solid-state drives, and similar products, for general storage and transfer of data.

* IEEE Andrew S. Grove Award ( for solid-state devices )

* Lasag: Offers solid-state lasers for precision welding, cutting, drilling and ablating of metals.

Their high pulse ratings, and low prices on the surplus market, also make them attractive to the high-voltage hobbyist for controlling large amounts of power to drive devices such as solid-state Tesla coils and coilguns.

Such arrays may be used to efficiently pump solid-state lasers for high average power drilling, burning or for inertial confinement fusion.

High-power laser diodes are used in industrial applications such as heat treating, cladding, seam welding and for pumping other lasers, such as diode-pumped solid-state lasers.

Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires, 9 in Mohs Scale, ( and of aluminium oxide in general ), sapphires are used in some non-ornamental applications, including infrared optical components, such as in scientific instruments ; high-durability windows ; wristwatch crystals and movement bearings ; and very thin electronic wafers, which are used as the insulating substrates of very special-purpose solid-state electronics ( most of which are integrated circuits ).

Modern electrometers based on vacuum tube or solid-state technology can be used to make voltage and charge measurements with very low leakage currents, down to 1 femtoampere.

DFT has been very popular for calculations in solid-state physics since the 1970s.

Because a linear voltage regulator is a common element of many devices, integrated circuit regulators are very common ; linear regulators may also be made up of assemblies of discrete solid-state or vacuum tube components.

Semiconductors are very heat-sensitive by comparison and this fact usually leads to compromises in solid-state amplifier designs.

Such valve op-amps were very far from ideal and quickly became obsolete, being replaced with solid-state types.

For the efficient reflection of atoms from a solid-state mirror, very cold atoms and / or grazing incidence are used in order to provide significant quantum reflection ; ridged mirrors are used to enhance the specular reflection of atoms.

However, even modern solid-state receivers can be very large and heavy, such as the Plessey PR2250, the Redifon R551 or the Rohde & Schwarz EK070.

The movement of electrons and holes in a solid-state detector is very similar to the movement of ions within the sensitive volume of gas-filled detectors such as ionization chambers.

The cascaded effects from all this created a very poor reputation for the transistor products and the entire solid-state line was discontinued already in 1971.

In the late 1970s and very early 1980s the " Supers " were followed by the tube-based ' 30 ', ' 75 ( Lead )', and ' 140 ' tube amps ( with reverb and overdrive features ) and two solid-state ' Harvard ' amps ( one with reverb ), which were 15W practice amplifiers.

The term " molecular memory " is most often used to mean indicate very fast, electronically addressed solid-state data storage, as is the term computer memory.

Originally designed for emerging markets, the device weighed about and featured a display, a keyboard approximately 85 % the size of a normal keyboard, a solid-state drive and a custom version of Linux with a simplified user interface geared towards netbook use.

Since the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away, Lilienfeld's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s, even if such a device were built.

However, even pro users like broadcasters and news reporters had already abandoned MiniDisc in favor of solid-state recorders, due to their long recording times, open digital content sharing, high-quality digital recording capabilities and reliable, lightweight design.

The term " thermionic emission " is now also used to refer to any thermally-excited charge emission process, even when the charge is emitted from one solid-state region into another.

With the reduced power requirements of solid-state recorders, it is now practical to incorporate a battery in the units, so that recording can continue until flight termination, even if the aircraft electrical system fails.

The renormalization group was initially devised in particle physics, but nowadays its applications extend to solid-state physics, fluid mechanics, cosmology and even nanotechnology.

Modern television sets incorporate liquid-crystal flat-screen displays, solid-state circuits, microprocessor controls and can interface with a variety of video signal sources, allowing the user to view broadcast and subscription cable TV signals or Satellite television, recorded material on DVD disks or VHS tape, or less common devices such as home security systems, and even over-the-air broadcasts received through an indoor or outdoor antenna.

Hardware that may be plugged into a computer via an ExpressCard includes connect cards, FireWire 800 ( 1394B ), USB 2. 0, USB 3. 0, Ethernet ( even Gigabit Ethernet ), Serial ATA external stick drives, solid-state drives, external enclosures for desktop size PCI Express graphics cards, wireless network interface cards ( NIC ), TV tuner cards, Common Access Card ( CAC ) readers, and soundcards and many others devices using chips which connects to computer using with USB or PCIe.

Although the effect on performance is most obvious on rotating media, similar effects come into play even for solid-state media like Flash RAM or DRAM.

It is different from standard hard drives in that it integrates a cache using non-volatile memory or even a small solid-state drive ( SSD or SSH drive ).

This also illustrates why ultra-high vacuum must be used to study solid-state surfaces, nanostructures or even single molecules.