It is based on the International Phonetic Alphabet with little differences such as j and y, which instead have the same ( consonant ) sound values as in English.

The following table gives the letters of the Bulgarian alphabet, along with the IPA values for the sound of each letter:

Many letters have shapes also found in the historical futhorc runes ( used in The Hobbit ), but their sound values are dissimilar.

Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes ( e. g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke ).

[...] A linguistic system is a series of differences of sound combined with a series of differences of ideas ; but the pairing of a certain number of acoustical signs with as many cuts made from the mass thought engenders a system of values.

Eventually, both velar consonants and developed palatalized allophones before front vowels ; consequently in today's Romance languages, ⟨ c ⟩ and ⟨ g ⟩ have different sound values depending on context.

Owens based this assertion on the perceived Indo-European but non-Greek roots of a small number of words he was able to read by using the known Linear B or Cypriot sound values of certain Linear A signs.

Dynamic range, abbreviated DR or DNR, is the ratio between the largest and smallest possible values of a changeable quantity, such as in signals like sound and light.

In the end the whole process can be implemented for discrete sound signals as interpolation between values with similar phase and similar time.

[...] A linguistic system is a series of differences of sound combined with a series of differences of ideas ; but the pairing of a certain number of acoustical signs with as many cuts made from the mass thought engenders a system of values.

While the terms " subsonic " and " supersonic " in the purest verbal sense refer to speeds below and above the local speed of sound respectively, aerodynamicists often use the same terms to talk about particular ranges of Mach values.

In some cases, such as cuneiform as it was used for Akkadian, the vast majority of glyphs are used for their sound values rather than logographically.

Norris describes it as a language which " like poetry, uses words and images which can mean several, often contradictory, things at once " An early review of the book argued that Joyce was attempting " to employ language as a new medium, breaking down all grammatical usages, all time space values, all ordinary conceptions of context the theme is the language and the language the theme, and a language where every association of sound and free association is exploited.

The album marked yet another shift in the band's approach: a more minimal approach to production values, as opposed to the " wall of sound " style of the previous three albums.

Commonly found values for the speed of sound at 0 ° C may vary from 331. 2 to 331. 6 due to the assumptions made when it is calculated.

Numerical substitution of the above values gives the ideal gas approximation of sound velocity for gases, which is accurate at relatively low gas pressures and densities ( for air, this includes standard Earth sea-level conditions ).

Higher values of wind gradient will refract sound downward toward the surface in the downwind direction, eliminating the acoustic shadow on the downwind side.

Canadian producer Bob Rock provided the record with a lush, vibrant sound, applying production values which had been lacking from the band's previous releases.

The following variables affect sibilant sound quality, and, along with their possible values, are ordered from sharpest ( highest-pitched ) to dullest ( lowest-pitched ):

Generally, the values of the different variables co-occur so as to produce an overall sharper or duller sound.

Fugazi opted to retreat from the in-your-face production values of In on the Kill Taker and instead worked to create an ambient sound which would display greater range and depth.

Guy Debord's truest intention was to unify two different factors of " ambiance " that, he felt, determined the values of the urban landscape: the soft ambiance – light, sound, time, the association of ideas – with the hard, the actual physical constructions.

It was considered somewhat of a sonic paradox in that even though it featured the original members who produced " two records so drenched in noise they still sound like aural assaults decades after their original release ," sonically it resembled the major label releases of the 1990s in both production values and stylistic range.

Teeth again flashing back at me, the driver released a deluge of Spanish in which `` amigo '' appeared every so often like an island in the stormy waves of surrounding sound.

Every so often the diminishing sound of a car came under the trailer as it slowed down for the wreck then speeded up again as it got clear.

Any information may be conveyed by an analog signal ; often such a signal is a measured response to changes in physical phenomena, such as sound, light, temperature, position, or pressure.

There is one fundamental equation that describes sound wave propagation, but the phenomena that emerge from it are varied and often complex.

Audio signal processing, sometimes referred to as audio processing, is the intentional alteration of auditory signals, or sound, often through an audio effect or effects unit.

In Indo-European languages, the words meaning " to be " often sound similar to each other.

Although Hole's sound changed over the course of the band's career, the pretty / ugly dynamic has often been noted as a consistent theme in Love's music, most prominently in Hole's first two studio albums.

This thin ( often 2 or 3 mm thick ) piece of wood, strengthened by different types of internal bracing, is considered the most prominent factor in determining the sound quality of a guitar.

The V-1, often referred to as flying bomb, contained a gyroscopic guidance system and was propelled by a simple pulse-jet engine, the sound of which gave it the nickname of " buzz bomb ".

In the 1980s, Japanese personal computers such as the NEC PC-88 came installed with FM synthesis sound chips and featured audio programming languages such as Music Macro Language ( MML ) and MIDI interfaces, which were most often used to produce video game music, or chiptunes.

These are most often large – bore instruments with a rich mellow sound.

Lesser taboo terms include " pony and trap " for " crap " ( as in defecate, but often used to denote nonsense or low quality ); to blow a raspberry ( rude sound of derision ) from raspberry tart for " fart "; " D ' Oyly Carte " for " fart "; " Jimmy Riddle " for " piddle " ( as in urinate ), " J. Arthur Rank " ( a film mogul ), or " ham shank " for " wank ", " Bristol Cities " ( contracted to ' Bristols ') for " titties ", etc.

Thanks to a well-designed set of chips designed by MOS Technology, the Commodore 64, ( also referred to as C64 ), possessed remarkable sound and graphics for its time and is often credited with starting the computer demo scene.

He not only made the difficult transition from silent cinema to sound cinema, but thrived there, proving himself to be a ' actor's director ': listening to his actors ', respecting their instincts, and often incorporating their suggestions into scenes.

Drums with two heads covering both ends of a cylindrical shell often have a small hole somewhat halfway between the two heads ; the shell forms a resonating chamber for the resulting sound.

The disco sound has soaring, often reverberated vocals over a steady " four-on-the-floor " beat, an eighth note ( quaver ) or 16th note ( semi-quaver ) hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat, and a prominent, syncopated electric bass line sometimes consisting of octaves.

While performers and singers garnered the lion's share of public attention, producers working behind the scenes played an equal, if not more important role in disco, since they often wrote the songs and created the innovative sounds and production techniques that were part of the " disco sound.

In addition to sound editing or mixing, lossless audio compression is often used for archival storage, or as master copies.

Accompanying noise from the set, equipment, traffic, wind, and the overall ambiance of the surrounding environment often results in unusable production sound, and during the post-production process a supervising sound editor or ADR Supervisor reviews all of the dialogue in the film and decides which lines will have to be re-recorded.

Drums were often put far from the horn ( part of the mechanical transducer ) to reduce sound distortion.

Changing between ride and hi-hat, or between either and a leaner sound with neither, is often used to mark a change from one passage to another, for example to distinguish verse and chorus.

Though nearly all modern mathematicians consider nonconstructive methods just as sound as constructive ones, Euclid's constructive proofs often supplanted fallacious nonconstructive ones — e. g., some of the Pythagoreans ' proofs that involved irrational numbers, which usually required a statement such as " Find the greatest common measure of ..."

An electronic instrument may include a user interface for controlling its sound, often by adjusting the pitch, frequency, or duration of each note.

Simple electronic musical instruments are sometimes called sound effects ; the border between sound effects and actual musical instruments is often hazy.