In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavour.

In 1983, Columbia, under the command of John Young for his sixth spaceflight, undertook its second operational mission ( STS-9 ), in which the Spacelab science laboratory and a six-person crew was carried, including the first non-American astronaut on a space shuttle, Ulf Merbold.

* Astronautics is the science and engineering of spacefaring and spaceflight, a subset of Aerospace engineering ( which includes atmospheric flight )

Vostok 1 marked his only spaceflight, but he served as backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission ( which ended in a fatal crash ).

While Sputnik 1 was the first spacecraft to orbit the Earth, other man-made objects had previously reached an altitude of 100 km, which is the height required by the international organization Fédération Aéronautique Internationale to count as a spaceflight.

Examples of unmanned spaceflight include space probes which leave Earth's orbit, as well as satellites in orbit around Earth, such as communication satellites.

A spaceflight typically begins with a rocket launch, which provides the initial thrust to overcome the force of gravity and propels the spacecraft from the surface of the Earth.

The first human spaceflight was Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961, aboard which Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made one orbit around the Earth.

A rocket launch for a spaceflight usually starts from a spaceport ( cosmodrome ), which may be equipped with launch complexes and launch pads for vertical rocket launches, and runways for takeoff and landing of carrier airplanes and winged spacecraft.

The first human spaceflight was Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961, on which cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin of the USSR made one orbit around the Earth.

Point-to-point sub-orbital spaceflight is a category of spaceflight in which a spacecraft uses a sub-orbital flight for transportation.

Before flying on Apollo, he set a fourteen-day spaceflight endurance record on Gemini 7, and also served on the NASA review board which investigated the Apollo 1 fire.

His first spaceflight was Gemini 10, in which he and command pilot John Young performed two rendezvous with different spacecraft and Collins undertook two EVAs.

Launch window is a term used in spaceflight to describe a time period in which a particular launch vehicle ( rocket, Space Shuttle, etc.

Flight is the process by which an object moves, through an atmosphere ( especially the air ) or beyond it ( as in the case of spaceflight ), by generating aerodynamic lift, propulsive thrust, aerostatically using buoyancy, or by ballistic movement, without direct support from any surface.

A spaceflight typically begins with a rocket launch, which provides the initial thrust to overcome the force of gravity and propels the spacecraft from the surface of the Earth.

The first Proton rocket was launched in 1965 and the launch system is still in use as of 2012, which makes it one of the most successful heavy boosters in the history of spaceflight.

It was intended that he would record his saxophone solo on board the Challenger, which would have made McNair's solo the first original piece of music to have been recorded in space ( although the song " Jingle Bells " had been played on a harmonica during an earlier Gemini 6 spaceflight.

John Young was originally assigned to command this mission, which would have been his seventh spaceflight, but was reassigned to an administrative position and was replaced by Loren Shriver.

After the first-generation spacecraft Vostok and Mercury had proved the technical feasibility of manned spaceflight, NASA proceeded to build its second-generation capsule, Gemini, which was a completely new design which retained the successful features of Mercury such as the conical shape with a heat shield at the bottom while adding several new features for example engines strong enough to significantly alter orbit, docking and rendezvous facilities, and provisions for EVA, all of which were essential for practical applications of spaceflight, namely a manned Moon mission.

, Colorado state law now " grants limited liability to spaceflight companies, allowing spaceflight participants who sign waiver forms to sue only if they are injured or killed as a result of a firm ’ s ' willful or wanton disregard ' for safety.

Both nations wanted to develop their spaceflight technology quickly, and in particular, both wanted to be the first to launch a successful human spaceflight.

This caused the Soviet Union to seek other ways to display their spaceflight capabilities.

Another possibility that could allow for human interstellar spaceflight is to make use of time dilation, as this would make it possible for passengers in a fast-moving vehicle to travel further into the future while aging very little, in that their great speed slows down the rate of passage of on-board time.

Following a deterioration in the health of Zholobov, who was making his first spaceflight, the decision was made to return the crew at the earliest available opportunity and they boarded their Soyuz on 24 August.

* The Star Puppies, a group of Carter-Zimmerman citizens, elect to stay conscious, in real time, for the duration of their spaceflight in the Diaspora ( most others enter a state of suspension ).

** 3rd class ( 25 December 1998 )-for their courage and selflessness shown during spaceflight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir

* January 10 – India launches four satellites at a time with their PSLV-C7 rocket, including the SRE-1 test article, which will return to Earth in a test for a future Indian manned spaceflight program.

Mission Specialist Rick Mastracchio, also a spaceflight novice, was the prime robot arm operator for the mission, using the Canadian-built arm to move Lu and Malenchenko around the ISS as they conducted their assembly work.

Not unlike the first U. S. and Soviet space travelers in 1961, and China's first successful spaceflight last October, these private citizens are pioneers in their own right.

The Soviets called this their first commercial spaceflight and claimed to have earned $ 14 million.

Since returning from space, Polyakov remained active in the discipline of international spaceflight, becoming a " cosmonaut-investigator " for the United States, Austria, Germany, and France during their respective space science missions to the Mir space station.

When asked if their mission was a failure, he responds with confidence and conviction in his voice, stating that all theories about manned spaceflight and exploration have now been proven.

Initially focused on sub-orbital spaceflight, the company has built and flown a testbed of its New Shepard spacecraft design at their Culberson County, Texas facility.

use the term environmental control and life support system or the acronym ECLSS when describing these systems for their human spaceflight missions.

The project, sometimes called " Phase One ", was intended to allow the United States to learn from Russian experience with long-duration spaceflight and to foster a spirit of cooperation between the two nations and their space agencies, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) and the Russian Federal Space Agency ( Roskosmos ).

At the beginning of the book, when mankind is about to achieve spaceflight, the aliens reveal their existence and quickly end the arms race, colonialism, racial segregation and the Cold War.

* June 13 – The cancellation of Mercury 10 effectively ends the Mercury program of United States manned spaceflight.

The novel ends with Noÿs and Harlan mutually deciding that Eternity's suppression of spaceflight was not in the interest of humankind and then living " happily ever after ".

" While NASA went ahead with planning for Apollo, funding for the program was far from certain given Eisenhower's ambivalent attitude to manned spaceflight.

However, the Soviet Union was fiercely competitive in holding the early lead it had gained in manned spaceflight, so the Soviet Communist Party, led by Nikita Khrushchev, ordered the hasty conversion of its single-pilot Vostok capsule into a two-or three-person craft named Voskhod, in order to compete with Gemini and Apollo.

25 minutes — sub-orbital spaceflight in an elliptic flightpath ; the flightpath is part of an ellipse with a vertical major axis ; the apogee ( halfway through the midcourse phase ) is at an altitude of approximately 1, 200 km ; the semi-major axis is between 3, 186 km and 6, 372 km ; the projection of the flightpath on the Earth's surface is close to a great circle, slightly displaced due to earth rotation during the time of flight ; the missile may release several independent warheads, and penetration aids such as metallic-coated balloons, aluminum chaff, and full-scale warhead decoys.

* 1966 – Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 70-hour mission that includes docking with an orbiting Agena target vehicle.

The experiment aimed to prove that a living passenger could survive being launched into orbit and endure weightlessness, paving the way for human spaceflight and providing scientists with some of the first data on how living organisms react to spaceflight environments.

The USA had lost the first round of the space race to the Soviets ; however, the FAI rules in 1961 required that a pilot must land safely with the spacecraft for the flight to be considered an official spaceflight.

Two months later the Bush administration announced the creation of the Constellation program, a manned spaceflight initiative with the goal of sending humans to the Moon by 2020.

The FAI rules in 1961 required that a pilot must land with the spacecraft to be considered an official spaceflight for the FAI record books.

" However, no such words appear in the verbatim record of his conversations with Earth-based stations during the spaceflight.

* Gagarin's flight 3D visualization — contains the real record of his conversation with the Earth during the spaceflight

* The Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union gave a peaceful outlet to the political and military tensions of the Cold War, leading to the first human spaceflight with the Soviet Union's Vostok 1 mission in 1961, and man's first landing on another world — the Moon — with America's Apollo 11 mission in 1969.

* Space tourism / Private spaceflight begins with American Dennis Tito, paying Russia US $ 20 million for a week long stay to the International Space Station.

On 21 March 1966, he received his first spaceflight assignment as Pilot for the first manned Apollo flight, AS-204, along with Command Pilot Grissom and Senior Pilot White.

XCOR Aerospace also plans to initiate a suborbital commercial spaceflight service with the Lynx rocketplane in 2012 through a partnership with RocketShip Tours.

The altitude record for a human spaceflight in LEO was Gemini 11 with an apogee of.

When, in April 1961, the Soviets beat the U. S. with the first manned spaceflight, Kennedy tasked Johnson with coming up with a program that would prove world leadership.

Others noted that Glenn's flight offered valuable research on weightlessness and other aspects of space flight on the same person at two points in life thirty-six years apart — by far the longest interval between space flights by the same person — providing information on the effects of spaceflight and weightlessness on the elderly, with an ideal control.

Outer planets such as Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are too distant to reach with current crewed spaceflight technology, so telerobotic probes are the only way to explore them.