The strongest appeal of the Copernican formulation consisted in just this: ideally, the justification for dealing with special problems in particular ways is completely set out in the basic ' rules ' of the theory.

The theory of special relativity predicts that any such device would allow communication from the future to the past, which raises problems of causality, unless the device used general relativistic curved spacetimes as an integral part.

According to the special theory of relativity, the aberration looks as a transform of the celestial sphere due to different frames of reference and is virtually a special case of velocity addition, namely one of the light beam and frames ' relative velocity v. The formula from relativistic aberration can be simplified to

Partition theory studies various enumeration and asymptotic problems related to integer partitions, and is closely related to q-series, special functions and orthogonal polynomials.

But, according to Einstein's theory of special relativity, no information-bearing signal or entity can travel at or faster than the speed of light, which is finite.

Because many outstanding problems in number theory, such as Goldbach's conjecture are equivalent to solving the halting problem for special programs ( which would basically search for counter-examples and halt if one is found ), knowing enough bits of Chaitin's constant would also imply knowing the answer to these problems.

These coordinates are a very special example of a more general concept of local coordinates from the theory of differential forms.

A special case of this is a Lorentzian manifold, which is the mathematical basis of Einstein's general relativity theory of gravity.

This theory has the advantage of avoiding the infinite regress without claiming special, possibly arbitrary status for some particular class of beliefs.

( This observation led to Albert Einstein's development of the theory of special relativity.

After important contributions of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré, in 1905, Albert Einstein solved the problem with the introduction of special relativity, which replaces classical kinematics with a new theory of kinematics that is compatible with classical electromagnetism.

* Emission theory, a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment

He considered an accelerating box, and noted that according to the special theory of relativity, the clock rate at the bottom of the box was slower than the clock rate at the top.

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a functor is a special type of mapping between categories.

Under the special theory of relativity, a particle ( that has rest mass ) with subluminal velocity needs infinite energy to accelerate to the speed of light, although special relativity does not forbid the existence of particles that travel faster than light at all times ( tachyons ).

If confirmed, this would imply special relativity is an approximation to a more general theory, but since the relevant comparison would ( by definition ) be outside the observable universe, it is difficult to imagine ( much less construct ) experiments to test this hypothesis.

Although the theory of special relativity forbids objects to have a relative velocity greater than light speed, and general relativity reduces to special relativity in a local sense ( in small regions of spacetime where curvature is negligible ), general relativity does allow the space between distant objects to expand in such a way that they have a " recession velocity " which exceeds the speed of light, and it is thought that galaxies which are at a distance of more than about 14 billion light-years from us today have a recession velocity which is faster than light.

In 1843 Kummer introduced the concept of ideal number, which was developed further by Dedekind ( 1876 ) into the modern theory of ideals, special subsets of rings.

Soon after publishing the special theory of relativity in 1905, Einstein started thinking about how to incorporate gravity into his new relativistic framework.

It was clearly superior to Newtonian gravity, being consistent with special relativity and accounting for several effects unexplained by the Newtonian theory.

* Autodynamics, an alternate to special relativity proposed by Ricardo Carezani in physics

In 1931, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated, using special relativity, that a non-rotating body of electron-degenerate matter above a certain limiting mass ( now called the Chandrasekhar limit at 1. 4 solar masses ) has no stable solutions.

* the GZK cutoff for high-energy cosmic rays, and whether it signals a failure of special relativity at high energies

While special relativity constrains objects in the universe from moving faster with respect to one another than the speed of light, there is no such constraint in general relativity.

Thus, it seems as if the Copenhagen interpretation is inconsistent with special relativity.

The velocities of the electrons approach the speed of light, and special relativity must be taken into account.

The speed of light and other EMR predicted by Maxwell's equations did not appear unless the equations were modified in a way first suggested by FitzGerald and Lorentz ( see history of special relativity ), or else otherwise it would depend on the speed of observer relative to the " medium " ( called luminiferous aether ) which supposedly " carried " the electromagnetic wave ( in a manner analogous to the way air carries sound waves ).

The theoretical implications of electromagnetism led to the development of special relativity by Albert Einstein in 1905.

One of the peculiarities of classical electromagnetism is that it is difficult to reconcile with classical mechanics, but it is compatible with special relativity.

( For more information, see History of special relativity.

( For more information, see Classical electromagnetism and special relativity.

With the advent of special relativity, physical laws became susceptible to the formalism of tensors.

At first sight, this appears to be a reasonable assumption to make, as it seems to be a consequence of special relativity, which states that information can never be transmitted faster than the speed of light without violating causality.

Violation of locality is difficult to reconcile with special relativity, and is thought to be incompatible with the principle of causality.

The Anonymous Valesianus tells an account about his choosing of a successor: Anastasius could not decide which of his three nephews should succeed him, so he put a message under a couch and had his nephews take seats in the room, which also had two other seats ; he believed that the nephew to sit on the special couch would be his proper heir.

Göring was at this time the second most powerful figure in the Nazi regime, having been given the special rank of Reichsmarschall and designated as Hitler's successor.

Both it and its most notable successor, TMX, have caused in-store fights, because Elmo starred in a Christmas special that year, in which he wished every day of the year was Christmas.

As public interest grew, car companies started to introduce special models or variants for rallying, such as the British Motor Corporation's highly successful Mini Cooper, introduced in 1962, and its successor the Mini Cooper S ( 1963 ), developed by the Cooper Car Company.

Another special feature of the Xbox Live Arcade port of Radiant Silvergun includes a secret " Ikaruga Mode " where the game uses the same scoring mechanics of its spiritual successor, which can be accessed by unlocking an achievement within Ikaruga.

C-3PO appears as the pilot for the Starspeeder 1000, in the attraction's successor, Star Tours: The Adventures Continue and a central character in the animated special Star Wars: The Padawan Menace.

Dulles served from July 7, 1949, to November 8, 1949, when a successor, Herbert Lehman, was elected, having beaten Dulles in a special election to fill the senate vacancy.

His widow, Jean M. Doerge, also a former educator, a Democrat, and a native of Natchitoches Parish, won the special election as his successor.

" His successor as special prosecutor was Leon Jaworski, named by Bork.

The special also featured the successor to the Chicken Cannon, " F-Bombs ," which were dropped onto photographs from the top of the atrium of the Canadian Broadcasting Centre.

The ARM's 16-bit Thumb instruction set has no branch predication, in order to save encoding space, but its successor Thumb-2 overcomes this problem using a special instruction which has no effect other than to supply predicates for the next four instructions.

* If the country was divided into several parts, the special code < tt > HH </ tt > is used to indicate that there is no single successor country ( e. g., Czechoslovakia was divided into the Czech Republic and Slovakia ), with the exception of Serbia and Montenegro, for which < tt > XX </ tt > is used to avoid duplicate use of the same ISO 3166-3 code, as the alpha-2 code < tt > CS </ tt > had twice been deleted from ISO 3166-1, the first time due to the split of Czechoslovakia and the second time due to the split of Serbia and Montenegro.

A special case arises, however, when the predecessor state was signatory to a human rights treaty, since it would be desirable to hold the successor state accountable to the terms of that treaty, regardless of the successor state's desires.

For preparing data input diskettes, as a successor to card punches, there was a special workstation called a " dual display " ( 3742 ) which employed a system of mirrors to split a horizontally mounted screen into two 12x80 displays.

Jiang wore it only on special occasions, such as to state dinners, but this practice was almost totally discontinued by his successor Hu Jintao .. Hu Jintao still wears the Mao suit, however, on special occasions, such as military parades .. By the early part of the 21st century, the Mao suit is rarely worn even on formal occasions.

In some cases, a special law might be enacted to formally nominate one particular family member of the present leader as the successor.

The ALP succession crisis continued following this, with a special convention to elect a successor on May 24, 1992 resulting in a deadlock between Lester Bird and John St. Luce, the information minister.

Launched on September 1, 1988, YTV was the successor to two prior special programming services operated by various Ontario cable companies beginning in the late 1970s.

Before winning North Wiltshire constituency in 1997, he was a special advisor to the Secretary of State for the Environment, Michael Howard, and to his successor John Gummer.

Ballance's successor, G. K. Butterfield, was elected in a special election on July 20.

* Okhrana, a force invested with special policing privileges that spread terror and might be seen as a successor.

The personal diplomacy of Blair and Clinton's successor, US president George W. Bush, further served to highlight the special relationship.