Although the term Gulag originally referred to a government agency, the acronym acquired the qualities of a common noun, denoting: the Soviet system of prison-based, unfree labor — including specific labor, punishment, criminal, political, and transit camps for men, women, and children.

In others, such as the United Kingdom, jury trials are only available for criminal cases and very specific civil cases ( defamation, malicious prosecution, civil fraud and false imprisonment ).

Other common assertions about the benefits of trial by jury is that it provides a means of interjecting community norms and values into judicial proceedings and that it legitimizes the law by providing opportunities for citizens to validate criminal statutes in their application to specific trials.

In civil cases a special verdict can be given, but in criminal cases a general verdict is rendered, because requiring a special verdict could apply pressure to the jury, and because of the jury's historic function of tempering rules of law by common sense brought to bear upon the facts of a specific case.

Other legal technicalities deal with aspects of substantive law, that is, aspects of the law which articulate specific criteria that a court uses to assess a party's compliance with or violation of, for example, one or more criminal laws or civil laws.

Mexico and Colombia both have specific laws that define the participation in criminal organizations as a separate crime ( see Ley Federal contra la Delincuencia Organizada ), and separate laws that allow the seizure of goods related with these crimes.

Furthermore, Suleiman enacted new criminal and police legislation, prescribing a set of fines for specific offences, as well as reducing the instances requiring death or mutilation.

More than a year after the raid, the Victorian Director of Public Prosecutions concluded that while certain offences had been committed, including criminal damage and assault with a weapon, there was insufficient evidence to charge any person with a specific offence.

Not all offenses require specific intent, and a misreading, even in good faith, may not excuse the criminal conduct.

The Act provided for criminal penalties, but contained a specific exemption for " cooperative associations ".

State courts handle the vast majority of civil and criminal cases in the United States with federal court supervision varying in scope from the non-existent / minimal to overarching, depending on the area of law and the specific case facts.

It describes specific criminal penalties for manipulation, destruction or alteration of financial records or other interference with investigations, while providing certain protections for whistle-blowers.

It identifies corporate fraud and records tampering as criminal offenses and joins those offenses to specific penalties.

For example, in her book Setting the Watch: Privacy and the Ethics of CCTV Surveillance, Beatrice von Silva-Tarouca Larsen argues that CCTV surveillance is ethically permissible only in " certain restrictively defined situations ", such as when a specific location has a " comprehensively documented and significant criminal threat " ( p. 160 ).

The article also imposes specific obligations around criminal justice, requiring prisoners in pretrial detention to be separated from convicted prisoners, and children to be separated from adults.

The rest of the article imposes specific and detailed obligations around the process of criminal trials in order to protect the rights of the accused and the right to a fair trial.

In United States criminal law, insanity may serve as an affirmative defense to criminal acts and thus does not need to negate an element of the prosecution's case such as general or specific intent.

More recently, Australian parliaments have preferred the practice of applying preventative and indefinite detention to any criminal who meets specific conditions, rather than to named criminals.

The purpose of criminal law is to provide the specific definition of what constitutes a crime and to prescribe punishments for committing such a crime.

General-All corpus delicti requires at a minimum: 1 ) The occurrence of the specific injury ; and 2 ) some criminal agency as the source of the injury.

When it comes to intoxication defenses in criminal law, even " voluntary intoxication " ( the knowing and voluntary consumption of alcohol or drugs ) is a defense to a " specific intent " crime, whereas only " involuntary intoxication " (" My drink was spiked!

In criminal cases, this can include money, community service in general and / or specific to the offense, education to prevent recidivism, and / or expression of remorse.

" In jurisprudence, the right to dignity is often seen as underlying more specific rights, such as equality, security of the person or privacy, but is has been directly applied in a number of cases relating to criminal punishment, the law of defamation, and the right to marriage and family life.

The defensive captain is likely to call out a specific formation or defensive play, to anticipate and counteract the expected action by the offense.

The Group A offenses are 46 specific crimes grouped in 22 offense categories.

The structure of the code is very specific, with each offense receiving a specified punishment.

The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is offense specific — the right only applies to post commencement attempts to obtain information relating to the crime charged.

b. Miranda is not offense specific.

b. Massiah is offense specific.

Thus, not only the existence of the crime depends on there being a previous legal provision declaring it to be a penal offense ( nullum crimen sine praevia lege ), but also, for a specific penalty to be imposed in a certain case, it is also necessary that the penal legislation in force at the time when the crime was committed ranked the penalty to be imposed as one of the possible sanctions to that crime ( nulla poena sine praevia lege ).

To do this, the quarterback yells a special code, like " Blue 42 ," or " Texas 29 ," which tells the offense to switch to a specific play or formation.

Although the Supreme Court has not had an occasion to interpret this specific provision, the Court has suggested that the grant to the House of the " sole " power of impeachment makes the House the exclusive interpreter of what constitutes an impeachable offense.

Crimes like tax evasion are specific intent crimes and require intent to violate the law as an element of the offense.

5 ), the following applies: A POW who breaks specific provisions of the laws of war may be penalized, but not penalized worse than the tribunal would penalize its own soldiers for the same offense ( and usually a disciplinary, not judicial, punishment if its own soldiers normally wouldn't be brought to trial for a particular offense ) and POW's may not be penalized based on rank or gender, nor with corporal punishment, collective punishments for individual acts, lack of daylight, or torture / cruelty ( GC IV, Art.

Regardless, whether Kira treated them poorly, insulted them or failed to prepare them for fulfilling specific bakufu duties, offense was taken.

Absent a specific law, an inchoate offense requires that the defendant have the specific intent to commit the underlying crime.

While voluntary intoxication may not be a defense to an offense of basic ( sometimes termed " general ") intent, it is allowed as a defense to offenses requiring a specific intent.

Without this " specific intent ", there is insufficient evidence that the accused is the clear danger as feared because, at any time before the commission of the full offense, the accused may change his or her mind and not continue.

Dereliction of duty is a specific offense under United States Code Title 10, 892.

In the United States, solicitation is the name of a crime, an inchoate offense that consists of a person offering money or induce another to commit a crime with the specific intent that the person solicited commit the crime.

The specific details of the offense, the circumstances, and various other factors are taken into consideration when charges are brought and listed on the site along with the driver's license picture of the individual.

In general, phallometric test results are employed as part of the sentencing and rehabilitation phase of forensic systems, but not for determining whether a specific defendant is guilty of any specific offense against any specific person.