For nearby astronomical objects ( such as stars in our galaxy ) luminosity distance D < sub > L </ sub > is almost identical to the real distance to the object, because spacetime within our galaxy is almost Euclidean.

Nowadays the castle still belongs to the Academy of Science to which it was bequeathed in 1895 on condition of its producing within fifty years a catalogue of half-a-million stars.

Giant clouds of these primordial elements would coalesce through gravity to form stars and galaxies, and the heavier elements would be synthesized either within stars or during supernovae.

For the most part, Bayer assigned Greek and Latin letters to stars in rough order of apparent brightness, from brightest to dimmest, within a particular constellation.

Bayer did not always follow this rule ; he sometimes assigned letters to stars according to their location within a constellation ( for example: the northern, southern, eastern, or western part of a constellation ), according to either the order in which they rise in the east, to historical or mythological information on specific stars within a constellation, or to his own random choosing.

These areas are grouped around asterisms ( which themselves are generally referred to in non-technical language as " constellations "), which are patterns formed by prominent stars within apparent proximity to one another on Earth's night sky.

The stars of the main asterism within a constellation are usually given Greek letters in their order of brightness, the so-called Bayer designation introduced by Johann Bayer in 1603.

Celebrities may be known around the world ( e. g., pop stars and film actors ), within a specific country ( e. g., a top Australian rugby player ); or within a region ( e. g., a local television news anchor ).

There are several dimmer stars within the borders of Crux.

This position was also very near the galactic equator, making it almost impossible to find such an object within the dense concentration of background stars of the Milky Way.

In Chinese astronomy, the stars of Delphinus are located within the Black Tortoise of the North ( 北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ ).

The pentagon and eagle are enclosed within a gold pieced circle consisting, in the upper half of 13 five-pointed stars and in the lower half, a wreath of laurel on the left and olive on the right.

In Chinese astronomy, the stars that correspond to Equuleus are located within the Black Tortoise of the North ( 北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ ).

In Chinese astronomy, the stars that correspond to Fornax are located within the White Tiger of the West ( 西方白虎, Xī Fāng Bái Hǔ ).

Soon after the first proto-galaxies formed, the hydrogen and helium gas within them began to condense and make the first stars.

Their stars are on orbits that are randomly oriented within the galaxy ( i. e. they are not rotating like disk galaxies ).

In such a collision, the stars within each galaxy will pass by each other ( virtually ) without incident.

The stars within these interacting galaxies will typically pass straight through without colliding.

Once protogalaxies began to form and contract, the first halo stars ( called Population III stars ) appeared within them.

For example, the asterism known as the Big Dipper corresponds to the seven brightest stars of the larger IAU constellation of Ursa Major.

The brightest stars, usually the stars that make up the constellation's eponymous asterism, also retain proper names, often from Arabic.

For example, the " Little Dipper " asterism of the constellation Ursa Minor has ten stars with Bayer designation, α UMi to π UMi.

The two stars of Alpha and Beta Centauri are often referred to as the " Southern Pointers " or just " The Pointers ", allowing people to easily find the asterism of the Southern Cross or the constellation of Crux.

The four main stars that form the asterism are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta Crucis.

The Southern Cross, which is now regarded as a separate constellation, was treated by the ancients as a mere asterism formed of the stars composing the centaur's legs.

Delphinus's brightest stars form a distinctive asterism that can easily be recognized.

The main asterism in Delphinus is Job's Coffin, formed from the four brightest stars: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta Delphini.

Later, four more stars were added to this asterism, but the name remained unchanged.

The seven brightest stars of Ursa Major form the asterism known as the Big Dipper in the United States and Canada, or the Plough in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Another asterism is recognized in Arab culture, a series of three pairs of stars:

Polaris can also be found by following a line through the two stars that form the end of the " bowl " of the Big Dipper, a nearby asterism found in the constellation Ursa Major.

The False Cross is an asterism formed of the stars δ Velorum and κ Velorum and ι Carinae and ε Carinae.

This star lies at a vertex of a widely spaced asterism called the Summer Triangle, which consists of the zero-magnitude stars Vega in the constellation Lyra and Altair in Aquila, plus the first magnitude star Deneb in Cygnus.

For example, the southern circumpolar star Acrux is invisible from most of the Continental United States, likewise, the seven stars of the northern circumpolar Big Dipper asterism are invisible from most of the Patagonia region of South America.

The Orion Nebula contains a very young open cluster, known as the Trapezium due to the asterism of its primary four stars.

Coma Berenices consists of a number of stars close together, and has been recognized as a distinct asterism since the Hellenistic period.

The Summer Triangle is an astronomical asterism involving an imaginary triangle drawn on the northern hemisphere's celestial sphere, with its defining vertices at Altair, Deneb, and Vega, being the brightest stars in the three constellations of Aquila, Cygnus, and Lyra.

The asterism was remarked upon by J. J. Littrow, who described it as the " conspicuous triangle " in the text of his atlas ( 1866 ), and Bode connected the stars in a map in a book in 1816, although without label.

It was identified in the seventeenth century, and is located in the middle of the Summer Triangle ( an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega and Altair ).

Four principal stars, δ, γ, ε, and β Crv, form an asterism known as " the " Spica's Spanker " or " the Sail ".< ref > Mullaney, J., ( 2007 ): The Herschel objects and how to observe them

* Zhao is represented with the star Lambda Herculis in asterism Left Wall, Heavenly Market enclosure., and also represented with two stars 26 Capricorni (, ) and 27 Capricorni (, ) in in asterism Twelve States, Girl mansion.