Statistical natural-language processing uses stochastic, probabilistic and statistical methods to resolve some of the difficulties discussed above, especially those which arise because longer sentences are highly ambiguous when processed with realistic grammars, yielding thousands or millions of possible analyses.

Many statistical analyses use quantitative data that have units of measurement.

Statistical analyses of data involve making certain types of assumption, whether or not a formal statistical model is used.

In another study, published in 2011, Jason E. Lewis and colleagues re-measured the cranial volumes of the skulls in Morton's collection, and re-examined the respective statistical analyses by Morton and by Gould, concluding that, contrary to Gould's analysis, Morton did not falsify craniometric research results to support his racial and social prejudices, and that the " Caucasians " possessed the greatest average cranial volume in the sample.

Most modern statistical analyses place Williams, along with Ruth and Bonds, among the three most potent hitters to have played the game.

This group applied quantitative measure, statistical data analyses, and descriptive mathematical models used in the physical sciences to the development of sociology ( DeFleur & Larsen, 1987 ).

Other statistical analyses have included adjustments for factors such as increased traffic, and other factors such as age, and based on these adjustments, a reduction of morbidity and mortality due to seat belt use has been claimed.

The boundaries of the South West Region are based upon those devised by central government in the 1930s for civil defence administration, and subsequently used for various statistical analyses.

* Maximum parsimony, a term used in statistical analyses

It plays a role in a number of widely used statistical analyses, including the Student ’ s t-test for assessing the statistical significance of the difference between two sample means, the construction of confidence intervals for the difference between two population means, and in linear regression analysis.

They also provide full statistical analyses ( P and R Measures ) that allow the automated process to be changed and improved.

High-throughput genome sequencing produces lots of data, which requires extensive post-processing ( sequence assembly ) and uses DNA microarray technologies to perform statistical analyses on the genes expressed in individual cell types.

This warning is based on statistical analyses conducted by two independent groups of FDA experts that found a 2-fold increase of suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents, and a 1. 5-fold increase of suicidal behavior in the 18 – 24 age group.

Estimates of heritability use statistical analyses to help to identify the causes of differences between individuals.

The statistical analyses required to estimate the genetic and environmental components of variance depend on the sample characteristics.

The families Ulmaceae, Cannabaceae, Moraceae, and Urticaceae form a clade that has strong statistical support in phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences.

Normal appraisal techniques frequently fail, and appraisers must rely on more advanced techniques, such as contingent valuation, case studies, or statistical analyses.

Close statistical analyses of redshift surveys today seem to indicate that there is no more periodicity than can be accounted for by large-scale structure of the cosmos.

J. Michniewicz responding to previous analyses of Balla and Gunneweg, wrote, " Balla and Gunneweg's conclusions are corroborated neither by information about which elements were taken for statistical interpretation and which determined the division particularly strongly .... nor by the reference data or statistical computation ".

There are many computer programs to implement the statistical analyses enumerated above, including CodonW, GCUA, INCA, etc.

The work of Meyer clarifies this debate by providing the first statistical analyses of production for various whistlers as well as psycholinguistic tests of vowel identification.

Included in functional organizational communication research are statistical analyses ( such as surveys, text indexing, network mapping and behavior modeling ).

Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann ( February 20, 1844 – September 5, 1906 ) was an Austrian physicist whose greatest achievement was in the development of statistical mechanics, which explains and predicts how the properties of atoms ( such as mass, charge, and structure ) determine the visible properties of matter ( such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion ).

Consideration is given to a players ’ on-field career but induction is not based on statistical achievement alone.

Von Storch received the IMSC achievement award at the International Meetings on Statistical Climatologyin Edinburgh in 2010, to " recognize his key contributions to statistical downscaling, reconstruction of temperature series, analyses of climatic variability, and detection and attribution of climate change.

The Washington Post publishes a Challenge Index based on statistical analysis of academic rigor and achievement among high schools in the Washington DC metropolitan area ( covering school districts in Maryland, Northern Virginia, and the District of Columbia ).

In 2006, the district implemented a statistical tracking program that keeps track of all student information such as demographics, attendance, and academic achievement.

the commonly-used ordinary least squares method may not recover the theoretical relation desired or may produce estimates with poor statistical properties, because the assumptions for valid use of the method are violated.

Robinson shows that ecological correlations, where the statistical object is a group of persons ( i. e. an ethnic group ), does not show the same behaviour as individual correlations, where the objects of inquiry are individuals: " The relation between ecological and individual correlations which is discussed in this paper provides a definite answer as to whether ecological correlations can validly be used as substitutes for individual correlations.

The kepstrum, which stands for " Kolmogorov equation power series time response ", is similar to the cepstrum and has the same relation to it as statistical average has to expected value, i. e. cepstrum is the empirically measured quantity while kepstrum is the theoretical quantity.

This relation implies that Nk = nR, and the consistency of this result with experiment is a good check on the principles of statistical mechanics.

A statistical significance of "" can be converted into a value of α by use of the cumulative distribution function Φ of the standard normal distribution, through the relation:

Much of the terminology used in connection with null hypotheses derives from the immediate relation to statistical hypothesis testing ; part of this terminology is outlined here, but see this list of definitions for a more complete set.

# Anywhere the microscopic transsexuality, which makes women contain man, and man woman, being able to enter each others, in relation to the desiring production that turn away the statistical order of sex.

Rather than select a single definition, Gledhill proposes that collocation involves at least three different perspectives: ( i ) cooccurrence, a statistical view, which sees collocation as the recurrent appearance in a text of a node and its collocates, ( ii ) construction, which sees collocation either as a correlation between a lexeme and a lexical-grammatical pattern, or as a relation between a base and its collocative partners and ( iii ) expression, a pragmatic view of collocation as a conventional unit of expression, regardless of form.

Establishing the relation between such forces and flux densities is a problem in statistical mechanics.

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a general result of statistical thermodynamics that quantifies the relation between the fluctuations in a system at thermal equilibrium and the response of the system to applied perturbations.

From this observation Einstein was able to use statistical mechanics to derive a previously unexpected connection, the Einstein-Smoluchowski relation:

Interest rate parity can be deemed a qualitative model in this sense: though it generally fails to fit exchange rate data as well as higher-powered statistical forecasting models, it offers an intuitive interpretation of the exchange rate and its relation to foreign and domestic interest and inflation rates.

This relation help to study Correlation function ( statistical mechanics ).

* Hypernetted-chain equation, a closure relation to solve the Ornstein-Zernike equation commonly applied in statistical mechanics and fluid theory

Statistical analyses of multivariate data often involve exploratory studies of the way in which the variables change in relation to one another and this may be followed up by explicit statistical models involving the covariance matrix of the variables.

Partial least squares regression ( PLS regression ) is a statistical method that bears some relation to principal components regression ; instead of finding hyperplanes of minimum variance between the response and independent variables, it finds a linear regression model by projecting the predicted variables and the observable variables to a new space.

The model has a close relation to the Fortuin-Kasteleyn random cluster model, another model in statistical mechanics.

Given an-element array with an ordering relation as an input for the sorting, consider it as a collection of cards, with the ( unknown in the beginning ) statistical ordering of each element serving as its index.

However, to discard one or more variables from an explanatory relation on the basis of the data, means one cannot validly apply standard statistical procedures to the retained variables in the relation as though nothing had happened.

Stanley S. Ivins ' statistical research reveals that the number of plural marriages in relation to population was 65 percent higher in 1856-57 than in any other two-year period in Utah history.

He did an important statistical analysis showing the relation between age and the Optacon reading speed achieved after a certain amount of time.

* Marian SmoluchowskiPolish scientist, pioneer of statistical physics-* Einstein – Smoluchowski relation