On the other hand, in a more favorable vein, general business activity should receive some stimulus from rising Federal spending, and the reduction in business inventories has probably run a good part of its course.

The major stimulus to produce aldosterone is angiotensin II while ACTH from the pituitary only produces a transient effect.

Thus, Abulafia in the 13th century assumed that the language spoken in Paradise had been different from Hebrew, and rejected the claim then current also among Christian authors, that a child left unexposed to linguistic stimulus would automatically begin to speak in Hebrew.

The greatest stimulus to canal system building came from the Industrial Revolution with its need for cheap transport of unprecedented quantities of raw materials and manufactured items.

# A growing openness to experience – they move away from defensiveness and have no need for subception ( a perceptual defense that involves unconsciously applying strategies to prevent a troubling stimulus from entering consciousness ).

Coming from this phenomenological perspective on culturally mediated and socially situated action, Holzkamp launched a devastating and original methodological attack on behaviorism ( which he termed S – R ( stimulus – response ) psychology ) based on linguistic analysis, showing in minute detail the rhetorical patterns by which this approach to psychology creates the illusion of " scientific objectivity " while at the same time losing relevance for understanding culturally situated, intentional human actions.

Although reconstruction has proceeded quickly with significant aid from the international community, tourism and agricultural activities remain weak and nearly offset the stimulus from the reconstruction boom.

The denial of equal status to Indians was the immediate stimulus for the formation in 1885 of the Indian National Congress, initially loyal to the Empire but committed from 1905 to increased self-government and by 1930 to outright independence.

He studied composition at the Munich Academy in the 1920s with Joseph Haas, a pupil of Max Reger, and later he received enormous intellectual stimulus and encouragement from the conductor Hermann Scherchen, an ally of the Schoenberg school, with whom he had a nearly lifelong mentor-protégé relationship.

Other scholars argue that the primary stimulus for agriculture and domesticated animals ( as well as mud-brick architecture and other Neolithic cultural features ) in Egypt was from the Middle East.

Proximity and the degree to which escape from the phobic stimulus should also be considered.

Indifference to pain can also rarely be present from birth ; these people have normal nerves on medical investigations, and find pain unpleasant, but do not avoid repetition of the pain stimulus.

Pain is part of the body's defense system, producing a reflexive retraction from the painful stimulus, and tendencies to protect the affected body part while it heals, and avoid that harmful situation in the future.

Hence, an initial stimulus can trigger the expression of a large number of genes, leading to physiological events like the increased uptake of glucose from the blood stream and the migration of neutrophils to sites of infection.

However, it would be impossible to attain this full-employment target using only demand-side Keynesian stimulus without getting below the NAIRU and suffering from accelerating inflation ( absent incomes policies ).

# Education and accurate information about Vestibulodynia: Gynaecologist-led educational seminars delivered in a group format have a significant positive impact on psychological symptoms and sexual functioning in women who suffer from Provoked ( caused by a stimulus such as touch or sexual activity ) Vestibulodynia.

Instead, each ant reacts to stimuli in the form of chemical scent from larvae, other ants, intruders, food and build up of waste, and leaves behind a chemical trail, which, in turn, provides a stimulus to other ants.

Although many economists, such as George Akerlof, Paul Krugman, Robert Shiller, and Joseph Stiglitz, support Keynesian stimulus, over 300 economists signed a petition stating that they do not believe higher government spending will help the United States economy recover from the late-2000s recession.

Others, like Robert Barro and Gary Becker, say that the empirical evidence for beneficial effects from Keynesian stimulus does not exist.

Later linguists who have influenced this theory include Noam Chomsky and Richard Montague, developing their version of the theory as they considered issues of the Argument from poverty of the stimulus to arise from the constructivist approach to linguistic theory.

It has also been proposed that the poverty of the stimulus problem can be largely avoided, if we assume that children employ similarity-based generalization strategies in language learning, generalizing about the usage of new words from similar words that they already know how to use.

Some time may be spent identifying the concepts raised by the stimulus, and then participants frame their own philosophical questions in response to the stimulus and vote for the one they wish to explore.

These were the descendants of David Easton's system theory in international relations, a mechanistic view that saw all political systems as essentially the same, subject to the same laws of " stimulus and response " — or inputs and outputs — while paying little attention to unique characteristics.

Pollen tubes, as most biological systems, are influenced by electrical stimulus.

Context aware systems are concerned with the acquisition of context ( e. g. using sensors to perceive a situation ), the abstraction and understanding of context ( e. g. matching a perceived sensory stimulus to a context ), and application behaviour based on the recognized context ( e. g. triggering actions based on context ).

Sensory systems code for four aspects of a stimulus ; type ( modality ), intensity, location, and duration.

A key stimulus for reengineering has been the continuing development and deployment of sophisticated information systems and networks.

In physics and systems theory, the superposition principle, also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net response at a given place and time caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses which would have been caused by each stimulus individually.

Traditional study of biological systems requires reductive methods in which quantities of data are gathered by category, such as concentration over time in response to a certain stimulus.

The cognitive modelling field involves the physical or mathematical modeling of the behavior of neural systems ; ranging from the individual neural level ( e. g. modeling the spike response curves of neurons to a stimulus ), through the neural cluster level ( e. g. modelling the release and effects of dopamine in the basal ganglia ) to the complete organism ( e. g. behavioral modelling of the organism's response to stimuli ).

Because of the relative high thresholds of most these receptors and their rapid adaptation to stimulus, the human body requires rapidly changing tactile stimulation systems.

** Eyeblink conditioning, classical conditioning involving pairing of a stimulus with an eyeblink-eliciting stimulus

Meanwhile, the Taste and Smell Clinic at the University of Connecticut Health Center is integrating behavioral, neurophysiological, and genetic studies involving stimulus concentrations and intensities in order to better understand taste function .< ref name = UCHC > The University of Connecticut Health Center, " Taste and Smell: Research ," 26 Oct. 2009 < http :// www. uchc. edu / uconntasteandsmell / research / index. html ></ ref > The purpose of these studies is to unearth the biological mechanisms underlying taste and to use this data to eliminate taste disorders in order to improve the lives of taste disorder sufferers.

On February 9, 2009, Cuban announced his own " stimulus plan ", involving what he called " an open source exchange of ideas.

Konrad Lorenz was born in Austria in 1903, and is widely known for his contribution of the theory of fixed action patterns ( FAPs ): endogenous, instinctive behaviors involving a complex sequence of movements that are triggered (“ released ”) by a certain kind of stimulus.

Pareidolia ( ) is a psychological phenomenon involving a vague and random stimulus ( often an image or sound ) being perceived as significant.

One such location, for example, is in the brainstem close to structures that are responsible for the startle response, an automatic reaction to an unexpected stimulus involving rapid muscle contraction.

Averaged König functions were widely used in psychophysical color stimulus calculations until new data based on a slightly different method and involving many more observers were determined by J.

In B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behaviour ( 1957 ), he suggested that the successful use of a sign, such as a word or lexical unit, given a certain stimulus, reinforces its " momentary " or contextual probability.

However, there is a growing academic literature that shows that fiscal expansion helps an economy grow in the near term, and that certain types of fiscal stimulus are particularly effective.

Universal grammar offers a solution to the poverty of the stimulus problem by making certain restrictions universal characteristics of human languages.

However, the spaces between these spots remained insensitive at first, unless sensations-such as heat or cold-reached above a certain threshold at which point the feeling evoked was unpleasant and usually perceived as being " more painful " than it was if the same stimulus was applied to Head's unaffected arm.

If a neuron has a certain response to a stimulus when the animal is not attending to the stimulus, then when the animal does attend to the stimulus, the neuron's response will be enhanced even if the physical characteristics of the stimulus remain the same.

* Avoidance learning is a type of learning in which a certain behavior results in the cessation of an aversive stimulus.

The subject learns that a certain response will result in the termination or prevention of an aversive stimulus.

Through observation, researchers know that infants get bored looking at the same stimulus after a certain amount of time.

The proximate cause for contagious yawning may lie with mirror neurons in the frontal cortex of certain vertebrates, which, upon being exposed to a stimulus from conspecific ( same species ) and occasionally interspecific organisms, activates the same regions in the brain.

: In contrast, in the ascending runs, the subject may have persistence of the absence of the stimulus until the hearing threshold is passed by certain amount.

Receptors send impulses in certain patterns to send information about the intensity of a stimulus ( for example, how loud a sound is ).

Whips can also be used without painful stimulus, as a tool that is an extension of the human hand or arm, used as a visual command, or to tap an animal, or to exert pressure, in order to indicate a certain command.

Through the process of habituating an infant to a certain stimulus and then changing the stimulus ( or part of it, such as ba-voiced / va-visual to da-voiced / va-visual ), a response that simulates the McGurk effect becomes apparent.

Instead of being presented in ascending or descending order, in the method of constant stimuli the levels of a certain property of the stimulus are not related from one trial to the next, but presented randomly.

Each column typically responds to a sensory stimulus representing a certain body part or region of sound or vision.

The multimodal neurons lead to change of behavior and assist in analyzing behavior responses to certain stimulus.

The idea is to stimulate the system using a non-natural stimulus with certain properties.

Riders may synchronize their pedalling to be in time with the rhythm of the music, thus providing an external stimulus to encourage a certain tempo.

* Many species have strong instincts to behave in response to a certain stimulus.