Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to gain a strategic or tactical advantage over an adversary, either by threats or by actual deployments.

Therefore, biological agents may be useful as strategic deterrents in addition to their utility as offensive weapons on the battlefield.

After World War II, the generals of the newly-formed U. S. Air Force propounded a new doctrine: that strategic bombing, particularly with nuclear weapons, was the sole decisive element necessary to win any future war ; and was therefore the sole means necessary to deter an adversary from launching a Pearl Harbor like surprise attack or war against the United States.

The Navy leadership believed that wars could not be won by strategic bombing alone, with or without the use of nuclear weapons.

* 1969 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki to begin SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides.

Both tactical and strategic weapons have been maintained in Okinawa.

In the fall of 1979, at Reagan's request, Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham conceived a concept he called the High Frontier, an idea of strategic defense using ground-and space-based weapons theoretically possible because of emerging technologies.

However, with SDI they attained a special prominence due to the system cost, scenario of a massive sophisticated attack, strategic consequences of a less-than-perfect defense, outer spacebasing of many proposed weapons systems, and political debate.

Ryan is dispatched to Moscow as part of the American strategic nuclear weapons reduction negotiation team.

As the exchange escalates, strategic targets including steel and chemical factories in the Midlands are attacked with nuclear weapons, instantly vaporising thousands of people and ravaging everything with fire.

While the V bombers no longer held precedence in Britain's nuclear strategic planning, superseded by aircraft such as the SEPECAT Jaguar and Panavia Tornado, which carried smaller tactical nuclear weapons, the Avro Vulcan would be perhaps best remembered for its conventional long range bombing raids during the 1982 Falklands War.

In a broader context, weapons may be construed to include anything used to gain a strategic, material or mental advantage over an adversary on land, sea, air, or even outer space or virtual space.

It played similarly to the NORAD side of the " Global Thermonuclear War " game, where the United States had to be defended from a Soviet strike by placing bases and weapons at strategic points.

* November 17 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, to begin the SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides.

** The United States and the Soviet Union sign the START I treaty limiting strategic nuclear weapons.

Neutron bombs could be used as strategic anti-ballistic missile weapons or as tactical weapons intended for use against armored forces.

As the Cold War began, the United States faced a new strategic threat in the rise of the Soviet nuclear weapons program.

The Secretary of Defense and the President together constitute the National Command Authorities ( NCA ), which has sole authority to launch strategic nuclear weapons.

All nuclear weapons are governed by this dual-authority – both must concur before a strategic nuclear strike may be ordered.

Both nations have begun to realize the core truth of the post – Cold War era that, if the strategic reality, as described by the words of Ronald Reagan, is that " Nuclear war cannot be won and must not be fought ", then large nuclear weapons stockpiles have no positive use, are expensive, and can lead to dangerous destabilization.

It is one component of a nuclear triad, which is complemented by the Trident submarine-launched ballistic missile ( SLBM ) and by nuclear weapons carried by long-range strategic bombers.

At the time, in the West the euphemism " strategic weapons " was used to refer to the American nuclear arsenal, which was presented as a necessary deterrent against nuclear or conventional attack from the Soviet Union ( see Mutual Assured Destruction ).

Ballistic missile submarines have been of great strategic importance for the USA and Russia and other nuclear powers since the start of the Cold War, as they can hide from reconnaissance satellites and fire their nuclear weapons with virtual impunity.

Although the deployment of nuclear weapons from aircraft falls into the category of strategic bombing, and likely represents the ultimate form of both strategic and terror bombing, the term strategic bombing is generally used in reference to the release of non-nuclear air-ground ordnance from strategic aircraft.

At this time, Wever conducted war games ( simulated against the French ) in a bid to establish his theory of a strategic bombing force that would, he thought, prove decisive by winning the war through the destruction of enemy industry, even though these exercises also included tactical strikes against enemy ground forces and communications.

Part of Alys's dowry that had been given over to Richard during their engagement was the territory of the Vexin which included the strategic fortress of Gisors.

Innovation included airlift ( the capability to quickly move limited high-priority supplies, equipment and personnel ); and of strategic bombing ( the bombing of civilian areas to destroy industry and morale ).

The navy's grave afflictions included loss of a strategic vision ; loss of self-confidence, and morale ; a prolonged starvation of resources, leaving vast shortfalls in capability to do the job ; and too few ships to cover a sea so great, all resulting in cynicism, exhaustion, and an undercurrent of defeatism.

Near the war's end in December 1972, President Richard Nixon ordered Operation Linebacker II, a high-intensity Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps aerial bombing campaign, which included hundreds of B-52 bombers that struck previously untouched North Vietnamese strategic targets, including heavy populated areas in Hanoi and Haiphong.

Components included under the supply management umbrella are: purchasing / procurement ; strategic sourcing ; logistics ; quality ; inventory control ; materials management ; warehousing ; transportation / traffic / shipping ; disposition / investment recovery ; distribution ; receiving ; packaging ; product / service development and manufacturing supervision.

The several dozen other questions the NSC system dealt with initially included such issues as illegal drugs, United Nations peacekeeping, Zaire, strategic arms control policy, China, and global environmental affairs.

As a tactician, Epaminondas stands above every other general in Greek history ( unless the Macedonian kings Philip II and Alexander the Great are included ), although modern historians have questioned his larger strategic vision.

Given this new danger, the United States participated in an arms race with the Soviet Union that included development of the hydrogen bomb, as well as intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) capable of delivering nuclear weapons.

The most famous claimed results from these years were the description of " a big crane " at a Soviet nuclear research facility by Pat Price ( Kress 1977 / 1999, Targ 1996 ) and Joseph McMoneagle, a description of a new class of Soviet strategic submarine by a team of three viewers which included McMoneagle ,( Smith 2005, McMoneagle 2002 ) and Rosemary Smith's location of a downed Soviet bomber in Africa.

The concept had an enormous influence in shaping the strategic thought of navies across the world, especially in the United States, Germany, Japan and Britain, ultimately causing a European naval arms race in the 1890s, which included the United States.

The University had been between 2006-2008 included in a strategic alliance with Växjö University and University of Kalmar under the common name of the Academy of the Southeast.

These included oil refinery and strategic bridges over the River Euphrates.

The Fund is currently operating under its Strategic Plan 2007-2012, which emerged from a process during 2005 – 2006 that included strategic planning, consultation and dialogue with the voluntary sector.

The Allied bombing of Hamburg during World War II ( September 1939 – April 1945 ) included numerous strategic bombing missions and diversion / nuisance raids.

At this time, the division's artillery assets included two artillery field regiments, a medium regiment, and a divisional locating battery, and although on paper the division was a large, combined arms formation, in reality many of its units were hollow and inadequately equipped, and in the decades following this the division, and indeed the CMF in general, underwent a period of uncertainty as the government attempted to solve the issues that the organisation faced, the most pressing of which was the question of its role and strategic relevance, as well as those concerning conditions of service, centralisation of training and access to equipment.

For strategic planning, from 2004 to 2008, the London Plan included a sub-region called Central London comprising Camden, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth and Westminster.

The legacy of James I included the creation of a strategic Mediterranean enclave, including territories between two large kingdoms, the Capetians of France and the Crown of Aragon-which were in constant conflict, at the time.

21 EMTF's strategic airlift force included the C-5 Galaxy, C-17 Globemaster III and the C-130 Hercules, aircraft, used to move cargo and passengers worldwide.

The major features of the New Look included ( 1 ) greater reliance on nuclear weapons, using the advantage the United States had over the Soviet Union in such weapons ; ( 2 ) elevation of strategic air power, the major means to deliver nuclear weapons, to a more important position ( not an expansion in the number of Air Force wings but rather development and production of better equipment ); ( 3 ) cuts in conventional ground forces, based both on reliance on strategic and tactical nuclear weapons and the expectation that U. S. allies would provide ground troops for their own defense ; ( 4 ) an expanded program of continental defense, which, along with strategic air power, would serve as a principal ingredient of the New Look's deterrence program ; and ( 5 ) modernization and enlargement of reserve forces, enhancing the military manpower base while reducing active duty forces.

Definitely included in strategic planning are any information systems that will be used by operational management to conduct the business more profitably.

His role included the development of the world's first supersonic airliner, the Tu-144, the popular Tu-154 airliner and the Tupolev Tu-22M strategic bomber.

During the 1950s and ' 60s Marshall was a member of " a cadre of strategic thinkers " that coalesced at the Rand Corporation, a group that included Daniel Ellsberg, Herman Kahn, and James Schlesinger ; Schlesinger later became the U. S. Secretary of Defense, and oversaw the creation of the Office of Net Assessment.