Miranda was first released in 1985, as a fast interpreter in C for Unix-flavour operating systems, with subsequent releases in 1987 and 1989.

Gideon v. Wainwright was one of a series of Supreme Court decisions that confirmed the right of defendants in criminal proceedings to counsel during trial, on appeal, and in the subsequent cases of Massiah v. United States, 377 U. S. 201 ( 1964 ) and Miranda v. Arizona 384 U. S. 436 ( 1966 ), even during police interrogation.

Miranda was undermined by several subsequent decisions which seemed to grant several exceptions to the " Miranda warnings ," undermining its claim to be a necessary corollary of the Fifth Amendment.

Since it is usually required that the suspect be asked if they understand their rights, courts have also ruled that any subsequent waiver of Miranda rights must be knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.

Miranda was later released, but this experience of Spanish officialdom may have been a factor in his subsequent conversion to the idea of independence for Spain's American colonies.

Typically, it overrules constitutional decisions only when their doctrinal underpinnings have eroded, and the majority justices found, in 2000, both that it had intended Miranda as an interpretation of the Constitution, and that " If anything, our subsequent cases have reduced the impact of the Miranda rule on legitimate law enforcement while reaffirming the decision's core ruling that unwarned statements may not be used as evidence in the prosecution's case in chief.

For assistance against the Order, the Confederation asked for help from King Casimir IV of Poland ; Casimir's subsequent claiming of Prussia led to the Thirteen Years ' War.

Therefore a more conventional but significantly more aerodynamic body was designed for the subsequent development of the J-car which was officially known as the GT40 Mk IV.

A subsequent proclamation by John of Gaunt's legitimate son, King Henry IV, also recognised the Beauforts ' legitimacy, but declared them ineligible ever to inherit the throne.

Henry IV received a careful education, which may explain his subsequent interest in culture and poetry ( there are reasonable suspicions that the Duke wrote some poems in old Polish ).

In subsequent years, the good politics of Henry IV were reflected in the voluntary submission of the Silesian dukes Przemko of Ścinawa and Bolko I of Opole ; the re-unification of Silesia seemed within reach.

The concessions given in them were confirmed by bulls issued by Pope Callixtus III ( Inter Caetera quae in 1456 ), Sixtus IV ( Aeterni regis in 1481 ), and Leo X ( 1514 ), and they became the models for subsequent bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI: Eximiae devotionis ( 3 May 1493 ), Inter Caetera ( 4 May 1493 ) and Dudum Siquidem ( 23 September 1493 ), in which he conferred similar rights to Spain relating to the newly-discovered lands in the Americas.

After Poltava, Peter the Great and Augustus the Strong allied again in the Treaty of Thorn ( 1709 ); Frederick IV of Denmark-Norway with Augustus the Strong in the Treaty of Dresden ( 1709 ); and Russia with Denmark – Norway in the subsequent Treaty of Copenhagen.

The military action, along with the subsequent Battle of Tewkesbury, secured the throne for Edward IV.

Descendants of this marriage included Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and eventually Cardinal ; Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, grandmother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III ; John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, the great-grandfather of King Henry VII ; and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots, from whom are descended, beginning in 1437, all subsequent sovereigns of Scotland, and successively, from 1603 on, the sovereigns of England, of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the United Kingdom to the present day.

In Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, when Spock and the rest of Kirk's crew return to Earth and save it from destruction before being largely exonerated at their subsequent trial, Sarek had a private audience with his son.

During " Commando Hunt IV " ( 30 April through 9 October 1971 ), U. S., South Vietnamese, and Laotian forces began to feel the North Vietnamese reaction to General Lon Nol's coup in Cambodia and the subsequent closure of the port of Sihanoukville to its supply shipments.

Decrypting with the incorrect IV causes the first block of plaintext to be corrupt but subsequent plaintext blocks will be correct.

Since 1461, when the great-grandson of the first duke became King Edward IV, not one of the ten subsequent holders of the title has ever passed it on: they either died without male heirs or became King themselves.

Joining the Advanced Program Laboratory in 1978, he began working on the concept formulation and subsequent proposal for the SYNCON IV / LEASAT Program.

In fact, during the subsequent reign of Ladislaus IV of Poland ( 1632 – 1648 ), the Poles prevented that martial monarch from interfering in the Thirty Years ' War on the Catholic side.

Its immediate consequence in Sweden proper was the deposition of Gustav IV on March 13, 1809, and the subsequent exclusion of his whole family from the succession.

A subsequent test on a warm day involving the four different Cortina models manufactured between 1964 and 1979 determined that the air delivery from the simple eye-ball outlets on the 1964 Mark I Cortina was actually greater than that on the Mark II, the Mark III or the Mark IV.

The Visit of King George IV to Scotland in 1822 and the subsequent rise in tartanry did much to reinvigorate a sense of a specifically Scottish national identity, which had been split between the Episcopalian and Roman Catholic-dominated Highlands and the Presbyterian-dominated Lowlands since the Glorious Revolution in 1688, and continued during the 18th century through the Jacobite risings, the Act of Proscription and subsequent process of Highland Clearances by landlords.

Though he succeeded in defeating Christian IV of Denmark in the Battle of Wolgast and neutralizing Denmark in the subsequent Peace of Lübeck, the situation further deteriorated when the presence of the Imperial catholic troops on the Baltic and the Emperor's " Edict of Restitution " brought King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden into the conflict.

Along with his brother and nephew, he took part in Henry IV's deposition of Richard II, and later, in turn, in their own subsequent rebellion against King Henry IV.

In subsequent years, Bolesław IV along with his younger brothers bellows sought to maintain good relations with the royal House of Hohenstaufen, Władysław's allies.

Joseph Charles Wilson IV ( born November 6, 1949 ) is a former United States diplomat best known for his 2002 trip to Niger to investigate allegations that Saddam Hussein was attempting to purchase yellowcake uranium ; his New York Times op-ed piece, " What I Didn't Find in Africa "; and the subsequent " outing " of his wife Valerie Plame as a CIA agent.

Star Wars IV: A New Hope could be considered in medias res since it opens in the middle of a chase and battle scene, but not because of having subsequent prequels.

It was Plummer, in fact, who coined the much quoted remark: `` Mr. Green indeed writes as if he had been present at the landing of the Saxons and had watched every step of their subsequent progress ''.

Mrs. B. compared her feelings of weakness to her feelings of weakness and helplessness at the time of her mother's death when she was eight, as well as her subsequent anger at her father for remarrying.

It was also hoped that responses to a mail questionnaire would suggest fruitful inquiries that might be made in subsequent studies of a more detailed nature.

The Golden Bough was abridged drastically in subsequent editions after his first.

He took part in the subsequent campaign, but when the Peace of Passau was signed in August 1552 he separated himself from his allies and began a crusade of plunder in Franconia, which led to the Second Margrave War.

After their setbacks against the Huns, Alaric was probably a child during the Goths ' mass migration across the Danube and their subsequent war with Rome.

The death of Alexander and the subsequent period of instability in Scotland was lamented in an early Scots poem recorded by Andrew of Wyntoun in his Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland.

However, he became gravely ill during the 1918 flu pandemic and, since Spain was neutral and thus under no wartime censorship restrictions, his illness and subsequent recovery were covered worldwide, giving the false impression ( in the absence of real news from anywhere else ) that Spain was the most-affected area.

A new version of democracy was established from 403 BC, but it can be linked with both earlier and subsequent reforms ( graphē paranómōn 416 BC ; end of assembly trials 355 BC ).

In the subsequent centuries, the Persian version of the name had begun to come into general use before it was adopted by official decree in 1935.

The second part was for the subsequent distribution of this wealth to benevolent causes.

As such, the workers would have been well within their rights to protest, and subsequent government action would have been a set of criminal procedures designed to crush what was seen as a pivotal demonstration of the growing labor rights movement, strongly opposed by management.

Aeschylus's work was so respected by the Athenians, that after his death his were the only tragedies allowed to be restaged in subsequent competitions.

In subsequent years, the Acropolis was a site of bustling human activity with many Byzantine, Frankish, and Ottoman structures.

Applesoft II, which was made available on cassette and disk and in the ROM of the Apple II Plus and subsequent models, was released in 1978.

With the purchase of NeXT and subsequent development of Mac OS X, AppleTalk was strictly a legacy system.

Between the years 1926 and 1937 Bertelli was the technical director of Aston Martin, and the designer of all subsequent Aston Martin cars during this period, these being known as the " Bertelli cars ".

The SANNC was founded in the subsequent year on 8 January 1912.

But time and the investigations of subsequent explorers have shown that Abbadie was quite trustworthy as to his facts, though wrong in his contention — hotly contested by Beke — that the Blue Nile was the main stream.

The development of Aelbert Cuyp, who was trained as a landscape painter, may be roughly sketched in three phases based on the painters who most influenced him during that time and the subsequent artistic characteristics that are apparent in his paintings.

Vietnamese academic and journalist Doan Viet Hoat was nicknamed " the Sakharov of Vietnam " for his criticism of Vietnam's communist leadership and his subsequent imprisonment.

A subsequent phase was conducted that allowed clinicians to offer clozapine which was more effective at reducing medication drop-outs than other neuroleptic agents.