A state-wide universal school voucher system providing a maximum tuition subsidy of $ 3000 was passed in Utah in 2007, but 62 % of voters repealed it in a statewide referendum before it took effect.

As with his former suits, Oxford was again unsuccessful ; during this time he was listed on the Pipe Rolls as owing £ 20 for the subsidy.

Economist Murray Rothbard wrote that " Bastiat was indeed a lucid and superb writer, whose brilliant and witty essays and fables to this day are remarkable and devastating demolitions of protectionism and of all forms of government subsidy and control.

In 2004 it was revealed that the Australian government was willing to offer a subsidy to Southern Pacific Petroleum on the condition that the oil company would take legal action against Greenpeace, which had campaigned against the Stuart Oil Shale Project.

Sudan Airways's operations have generally shown losses, and in the early 1980s the corporation was reportedly receiving an annual government subsidy of about £ Sd500, 000.

In the United States, where analog shutdown was completed in 2009 for full-service broadcasters, a federal subsidy was offered for coupon-eligible converter boxes with deliberately-limited capability which would restore signals lost to digital transition.

Like scutage, tallage was superseded by the subsidy system in the 14th century.

The Conservative government had provided a nine-month subsidy in 1925 but that was not enough to turn around a sick industry.

The hope was the government would intervene to reorganize and rationalize the industry, and raise the subsidy.

In response to Pitt's attacks, the British government decided not pay a direct subsidy to Hanover, but instead to pass the money indirectly through Austria-a move which was considered more politically acceptable.

The Seven Years ' War might well, moreover, have been another Thirty Years ' War if Pitt had not furnished Frederick with an annual subsidy of £ 700, 000, and in addition relieved him of the task of defending western Germany against France: this was the policy that allowed Pitt to boast of having ' won Canada on the banks of the Rhine '.

An Imperial subsidy was never granted, for reasons unknown to Porphyry, who reports the incident.

However, the biggest factor in this expansion during the 1990s was a federal government tax subsidy to those planting new vineyards.

The loan came while Tadin was still getting payments on a $ 1. 1 million city subsidy to help build a new $ 4. 5 million headquarters and trucking terminal for his company at 4450 S. Morgan in Huels ' ward.

DC-3s were produced in quantity for World War II and sold as surplus afterward. The Douglas DC-3 was a particularly important airplane, because it was the first airliner to be profitable without a government subsidy.

The original allocation of money for these elections through the KGB was $ 400, 000, a personal subsidy of $ 50, 000 was sent directly to Allende, with an additional $ 100, 000 funneled through funds provided to the Chilean Communist Party.

The first system of socialized medicine based on compulsory insurance with state subsidy was created by Bismarck's social legislation, a pragmatic answer to vanishing traditional networks of mutual support in a world of modern individualism, as well as an attempt to take the wind out of social democrats sails in the 1880s.

For a time, Eastern was the most profitable airline in the post-war era, never needing state subsidy.

In 1244 he sat on a committee which was empanelled to consider a demand for a subsidy.

The annual subsidy was later raised £ 81, 000 to add a fourth ship and departures from Liverpool were to be monthly during the winter and fortnightly for the rest of the year.

The service cuts were scheduled to be implemented on September 16, 2007, but the CTA received a last-minute $ 24 million advance on its 2008 operating subsidy, postponing the changes until November 4, 2007.

Recommendations of freight-rate reductions and subsidy increases were implemented, but suggestions for subsidies based on fiscal need and transportation use to encourage regional development were ignored.

In parallel, other measures implemented by his Government, such as imposing a minimum wage and the attribution of the " Christmas subsidy " ( equal to one month's pay ), were hardly radical in democratic Europe, even by today's standards.

The additional excise on autogas is being offset somewhat by a subsidy that was implemented in 2006 for private motorists, paying either to convert their existing vehicle to autogas, or for purchasing a new vehicle that was manufactured to operate on autogas .< ref >

If laborers are merely commodities competing against each other in a market place like so many bags of wheat and corn ( unsupported, by the way, by any agricultural subsidy ), then they may be pardoned for reacting with complete antagonism to a system that imposes such status upon them.

Delaware provides government subsidy support for the clean-up of property " lightly contaminated " by hazardous waste, the proceeds for which come from a tax on wholesale petroleum sales.

Abdur Rahman had confirmed the Treaty of Gandamak, leaving the British in control of the territories ceded by Yaqub Khan and ensuring British control of Afghanistan's foreign policy in exchange for protection and a subsidy.

This included an agreement to reduce subsidies paid to farmers, underpinned by the WTO enforcement of agricultural subsidy, tariffs, import quotas, and settlement of trade disputes that cannot be bilaterally resolved.

For example, when a vote on behalf of a tariff is traded by a congressman for a vote from another congressman on behalf of an agricultural subsidy to ensure that both acts will gain a majority and pass through the legislature, logrolling occurs ( Shughart 2008 ).

Now, both proposals will win because they have gained a simple majority, even though in reality the subsidy is opposed by two of the three voters.

The new government dealt with these problems by devaluing the official exchange rate by 88 %, eliminating all other exchange rates except the parallel market rate set by the banks and cambios, raising tariffs on water and electricity, and eliminating the subsidy on gasoline.

" A tax " is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative authority " and is " any contribution imposed by government [...] whether under the name of toll, tribute, tallage, gabel, impost, duty, custom, excise, subsidy, aid, supply, or other name.

Under the 1919 Housing Act, 30, 000 houses were constructed by private enterprise with government subsidy.

Marginal subsidies on production will shift the supply curve to the right until the vertical distance between the two supply curves is equal to the per unit subsidy ; when other things remain equal, this will decrease price paid by the consumers ( which is equal to the new market price ) and increase the price received by the producers.

Similarly, a marginal subsidy on consumption will shift the demand curve to the right ; when other things remain equal, this will decrease the price paid by consumers and increase the price received by producers by the same amount as if the subsidy had been granted to producers.

Where the supply curve is more elastic than the demand curve, producers bear more of the tax and receive more of the subsidy than consumers as the difference between the price producers receive and the initial market price is greater than the difference borne by consumers.

Where the demand curve is more inelastic than the supply curve, the consumers bear more of the tax and receive more of the subsidy as the difference between the price consumers pay and the initial market price is greater than the difference borne by producers.

Nobel Prize winning Economist and former Enron advisor Paul Krugman has been very critical of this program arguing the non-recourse loans lead to a hidden subsidy that will be split by asset managers, banks ' shareholders and creditors.

After a short, tense occupation of the city and another intervention by fra Girolamo ( as well as the promise of a huge subsidy ), the French resumed their journey southward on November 28, 1494.

The coupling of the subsidy means that they will continue to have significant trade-distoring effect, most notably on West African farmers who are unable to compete with subsidised cotton

In economics, one of the primary ways to classify subsidies is the means of distributing the subsidy.

In economics, a subsidy may nonetheless be characterized as inefficient relative to no subsidies ; inefficient relative to other means of producing the same results ; " second-best ", implying an inefficient but feasible solution ( contrasted with an efficient but not feasible ideal ), among other possible terminology.

In other cases, a subsidy may be an efficient means of correcting a market failure.

During the war it had become clear that private patronage was no longer a practical means of sustaining Britain's musical life ; a state body, the Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts – the forerunner of the Arts Council – was established, and given a modest budget for public subsidy.

A common means of providing a cultural subsidy is to have public broadcasters pay for program development.

In some cases, air ambulance services may be provided by means of voluntary charitable fundraising, as opposed to government funding, or they may receive limited government subsidy to supplement local donations.

Some franchises receive subsidy from the DfT for doing so, and some are cash-positive, which means that the franchisee pays the DfT for the contract.

It has been possible to stimulate real demand in the district, and this means rural water supply upgrading can take place with no subsidy for materials.