This is the amount of time which passes during successive presentations of the shock ( unless the operant response is performed ).

His fourth spell came in 1999 after Rovers ' shock relegation from the top-flight ; while Parkes hoped to secure promotion and the manager's position on a full-time basis, this in fact proved to be his least successful stint as caretaker, and he was replaced by Graeme Souness in March 2000 with the club looking in danger of a second successive relegation.

His final season saw them retain the Scottish league title and Scottish League Cup, but their hopes of a second successive treble were ended with a shock Scottish Cup defeat at the hands of Dundee United.

In 1983, Sterling played in Australia's win in the first test against New Zealand, but wasn't selected for Australia's shock 12 – 19 second Test loss, was named man-of-the-match in the 2nd game of the State of Origin series and helped Parramatta to a third successive premiership title.

When the car is moving to the left, each successive wave is emitted from a position further to the left than the previous wave.

When the source of the waves is moving toward the observer, each successive wave crest is emitted from a position closer to the observer than the previous wave.

Therefore the time between the arrival of successive wave crests at the observer is reduced, causing an increase in the frequency.

While they are travelling, the distance between successive wave fronts is reduced ; so the waves " bunch together ".

Conversely, if the source of waves is moving away from the observer, each wave is emitted from a position farther from the observer than the previous wave, so the arrival time between successive waves is increased, reducing the frequency.

The distance between successive wave fronts is increased, so the waves " spread out ".

A wave consists of successive troughs and crests, and the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs is called the wavelength.

With so much destruction, it was difficult for the residents of this area to recover from each successive invasion before encountering the next wave to wash over them.

( each successive wavelength adding one node to the wave ).

Jacqueline Champeaux sees this contradiction as the result of successive different cultural and religious phases, in which a wave of influence coming from the Hellenic world made Fortuna the daughter of Jupiter.

As each successive wave of attackers was wiped out or beaten off by the Spaniards, Lautaro sent another, until the entire Spanish company was massacred.

The wave aka the Mexican wave is an example of metachronal rhythm achieved in a packed stadium when successive groups of spectators briefly stand and raise their arms.

* Elliott wave principle and the golden ratio to calculate successive price movements and retracements

U. S. Army historian Roy Edgar Appleman observed that the term " human wave " was later used by journalists and military officials to convey the image that the American soldiers were assaulted by overwhelming numbers of Chinese on a broad front, which is inaccurate when compared with the normal Chinese practice of sending successive series of five men teams against a narrow portion of the line.

Since the start in 1981 each successive wave has covered a broader range of societies than the previous one.

The most popular theory is that of Longshore Drift, where successive " waves " of sand pass Somers, with sand build up when such a wave passes, and erosion at other times.

Under certain conditions, long strings of lenticular clouds can form near the crest of each successive wave, creating a formation known as a " wave cloud.

A new wave of monasteries and friaries were established, while ecclesiastical reforms led to tensions between successive kings and archbishops.

The successive propagation of the wave results in the formation of the interference figure on the final screen F.

The pressure of the spring is constant, and the pressure of the air decreases with each successive shot.

His " plan " for defending the city raised expectations doomed to disappointment ; the successive sorties made under pressure of public opinion were unsuccessful, and having declared in one of his proclamations that the governor of Paris would never capitulate, when capitulation became inevitable he resigned the governorship of Paris on 22 January 1871 to General Joseph Vinoy, retaining the presidency of the government until after the armistice in February.

He is embittered by his betrayal of his working class roots ( he has become a manager and partner in his engineering firm ), the Cold War, successive Thatcher governments, and the failure of his relationship under the pressure of Andrea's French lover's terminal illness.

If fluid continues to accumulate, then with each successive diastolic period, less and less blood enters the ventricles, as the increasing pressure presses on the heart and forces the septum to bend into the left ventricle, leading to decreased stroke volume.

First the Satavahanas and later the Gupta Empire, both successor states to the Mauryan Empire, attempt to contain the expansions of the successive before eventually crumbling internally due pressure exerted by these wars.

The 1986 – 87 season opened disastrously with three successive defeats, and despite a minor upturn in September and October which included a 5 – 1 home win over Southampton in the league, the pressure on Atkinson remained immense and the board finally ran out of patience on 6 November 1986 when he was dismissed as manager two days after a 4 – 1 exit at the hands of Southampton in the League Cup.

After three successive defeats later in the month, Taylor came under pressure but vowed to carry on, saying: " I'm not a fool, I can tell that I'm probably not the most popular manager Bradford City's ever had.

A basic chronograph has an independent sweep second hand ; it can be started, stopped, and returned to zero by successive pressure on the stem.

Under Edward VI, Protestant pressure for public worship in English resulted in its replacement by successive versions of the Book of Common Prayer in 1549 and 1552.

He believed that successive British governments, under American pressure, were determined one way or another to get Northern Ireland into an all-Ireland state.

Haynes ( 1973 ) postulated that rock fracturing by tectonic stresses, weather, rock-on-rock percussion in streams and mudflows, pressure retouch of buried cobbles, and successive generations of flake removal and separation from cores through cycles of erosion and redeposition could have occurred during deposition of the alluvial deposits at Calico and produced specimens indistinguishable from artifacts.

In fact, he and Harmison were part of a remarkable streak-they served up 28 successive dot-balls to Symonds and Michael Clarke ( who bowed under to the pressure and was hit on the pad, out lbw for a 19-ball two ).

With each bounce, a pressure relief valve at the top of the pipe column releases some of the compressed air making each successive bounce smaller until the carriage reaches the loading platform.

Gokak Zilla Chalana Samiti's leader and Belgaum district unit JD ( S ) president Ashok Pujari expressed his support for the people of Gokak taluka who had been demanding district status for Gokak for the past several years and had been holding peaceful protests to put pressure on successive governments to concede the demand.

:* Moving Target Indication, which integrates successive pulses and

Another technique is moving target indicator that subtracts the receive signal from two successive pulses using phase to reduce signals from slow moving objects.

When using a pulsed radar, the variation between the phase of successive returns gives the distance the target has moved between pulses, and thus its speed can be calculated.

Jitter may be observed in characteristics such as the frequency of successive pulses, the signal amplitude, or phase of periodic signals.

It takes time for the amplifier to shape the pulse for optimum resolution, and there is therefore a trade-off between resolution and count-rate: long processing time for good resolution results in " pulse pile-up " in which the pulses from successive photons overlap.

Therefore, it is often implemented differentially as differential pulse-position modulation, whereby each pulse position is encoded relative to the previous, such that the receiver must only measure the difference in the arrival time of successive pulses.

Each clock pulse need not do the same thing ; rather, logic in the CPU directs successive pulses to different places to perform a useful sequence.

The study done by Pierre Savard, Ing., PhD., Ecole Polythechnique de Montreal, et al., for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( CBC ), indicated that the threshold of energy needed to induce deadly ventricular fibrillation decreased dramatically with each successive burst of pulses ; however, one pulse may provide enough energy to induce deadly ventricular fibrillation in some cases.

Modern RWRs must be made highly sensitive ( small angles and bandwidths for individual antennas, low transmission loss and noise ) and add successive pulses through time-frequency processing to achieve useful detection rates.

Step Recovery Diode pulse generators are inexpensive but typically require several volts of input drive level and have a moderately high level of random jitter ( usually undesirable variation in the time at which successive pulses occur ).

Each dialed connection would have a different distorting effect on the series of pulses sent to convey digital information, smearing successive pulses and entangling them, resulting in errors in detection.