The success or failure of a belligerent's efforts to gain air supremacy hinges on several factors including the skill of its pilots, the tactical soundness of its doctrine for deploying its fighters and the numbers and performance of those fighters.

" Orth points out that this is generally attributed to the rise of the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy in the United Kingdom, which was accompanied by hostility towards judicial review as an undemocratic foreign invention.

The plan worked and this tactic helped write the doctrine of the supremacy of the defensive position, using modern small arms and trench fortifications.

This assertion is commonly referred to as the doctrine of Petrine supremacy.

At the centre of the campaign to secure the divorce was the emerging doctrine of royal supremacy over the church.

Therefore, the early Protestants argued for the elimination of traditions and doctrines they believed were based on distortions of Scripture, or were contrary to the Bible, but which the Roman Catholic Church considered scripturally-based aspects of the Christian faith, such as transubstantiation, the doctrine of purgatory, the veneration of images or icons, and especially the doctrine that the Pope in Rome is the head of the Church on earth ( Papal supremacy ).

During the Acacian schism, Gelasius affirmed the primacy of Rome over the entire Church, East and West, and he presented this doctrine in terms that set the model for subsequent popes asserting the claims of papal supremacy, due to the succession of the Roman Popes from the Apostle Peter.

Eugene IV resolved to resist the Council's claim of supremacy, but he did not dare openly to repudiate the conciliar doctrine considered by many to be the actual foundation of the authority of the popes before the schism.

But such devolved power is only delegated by Britain's central government, more specifically by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which is supreme under the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy.

In Rome the Pope in 1864 decreed that it was an error that " reason is the ultimate standard by which man can and ought to arrive at knowledge " and an error that " divine revelation is imperfect " in the Bible — and anyone maintaining those errors was to be " anathematized " — and in 1888 decreed as follows: " The fundamental doctrine of rationalism is the supremacy of the human reason, which, refusing due submission to the divine and eternal reason, proclaims its own independence .... A doctrine of such character is most hurtful both to individuals and to the State ....

Simon Hix argues that direct effect and the supremacy doctrine has transformed the EU from an international organisation to a " quasifederal polity ".

Some courts in member states have resented the supremacy doctrine though it is not commonly challenged and the European Court of Justice has encouraged legal interpretation in light of European Union law by courts in member states as alternative to repealing or amending laws of member states which conflict with European Union law.

In some nations that follow the Westminster system of government, such as the United Kingdom, ex post facto laws are technically possible, because the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy allows Parliament to pass any law it wishes.

The concept of executive privilege is not mentioned explicitly in the United States Constitution, but the Supreme Court of the United States ruled it to be an element of the separation of powers doctrine, and / or derived from the supremacy of executive branch in its own area of Constitutional activity.

Of Jacob's prose works, which are not nearly so numerous, the most interesting are his letters, which throw light upon some of the events of his time and reveal his attachment to the Monophysite doctrine which was then struggling for supremacy in the Syrian churches, and particularly at Edessa, over the opposite teaching of Nestorius.

Eck forced his antagonist to make admissions which stultified the new Lutheran doctrine, whereupon Luther himself came forward to assail the dogma of Roman supremacy by divine right.

It is arguable whether the concept of parliamentary supremacy arose from the Acts of Union 1707 or was a doctrine that evolved thereafter.

The doctrine of parliamentary supremacy may be summarised in three points:

The doctrine of parliamentary supremacy, in English Law, has been upheld in 2005 by Lord Bingham in the case of R ( Jackson ) v Attorney General:

Erastianism, as a by-word, is used to denote the doctrine of the supremacy of the state in ecclesiastical causes ; but the general problem of the relations between church and state is not one on which Erastus enters.

Passive obedience is a religious and political doctrine advocating the absolute supremacy of the Crown and the treatment of any dissent ( or more precisely, disobedience ) as sinful and unlawful.

In spite of this, during the last months of his reign, Henry ordered the execution of three papists for questioning his royal supremacy, and the burning of three Lutherans for questioning his Catholic doctrine.

In most but not all modern states the constitution has supremacy over ordinary Statutory law ( see Uncodified constitution below ); in such states when an official act is unconstitutional, i. e. it is not a power granted to the government by the constitution, that act is null and void, and the nullification is ab initio, that is, from inception, not from the date of the finding.

Eritrea has viewed this border dispute as an existential threat to itself in particular and the African Union in general, because it deals with the supremacy of colonial boundaries in Africa.

As Alfonso elucidates in the opening section of the Libro de Juegos, the Libro de ajedrex ( Book of chess ) demonstrates the value of the intellect, the Libro de los dados ( Book of dice ) illustrates that chance has supremacy over pure intellect, and the Libro de las tablas ( Book of tables ) celebrates a conjoined use of both intellect and chance.

Further, as executive power is constitutionally vested in the monarch, meaning the Royal Prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of its ministers, the sovereign's supremacy over the prime minister in the constitutional order is thus seen as a " rebuff to the pretensions of the elected: As it has been said, when the Prime Minister bows before the Queen, he bows before us Canadian people.

* He has so framed the laws of divorce, as to what shall be the proper causes of divorce, in case of separation, to whom the guardianship of the children shall be given ; as to be wholly regardless of the happiness of the women-the law, in all cases, going upon a false supposition of the supremacy of a man, and giving all power into his hands.

In context, a slave who referred to himself, or another black man, as a nigger presumed the master's perceiving him as a slave who has accepted his societally sub-ordinate role as private property, thus, not ( potentially ) subversive of the authority of the master's white supremacy.

However, it has been theorized that the supremacy of the Communist Party means that the Constitution and law are not supreme, and that this perspective is the result of the Marxist view of law as simply a superstructure combined with a lack of recognition of rule of law in philosophical or historical tradition.

Never before has a populist democracy attained international supremacy.

It enjoys de jure parliamentary supremacy, and can pass any law by a simple majority, even one that might arguably conflict with a Basic Law, unless it has specific conditions for its modification.

Epaminondas ' campaign of 370 / 369 has been described as an example of " the grand strategy of indirect approach ", which was aimed at severing " the economic roots of her military supremacy.

Votan has also been cited in the literature of Neo-Nazism and white supremacy that associates him with Quetzalcoatl and Kukulcan and asserts that he was a bearded, white European who came to Mexico in Pre-Columbian times.

In 1927 Rudolf Hess relayed to Walter Hewel Hitler's belief that world peace could only be acquired " when one power, the racially best one, has attained uncontested supremacy ".

Wynand, who has finally grasped the nature of the " power " he thought he held, shuts down the Banner and asks Roark to design one last building for him, a skyscraper – the tallest building in the world – that will testify to the supremacy of man: " Build it as a monument to that spirit which is yours ... and could have been mine.

Smuts ' formulation of holism has been linked with his political-military activity and his belief in white supremacy.

The Armenian Apostolic Church currently has two sees, with the Catholicos of All Armenians residing in Etchmiadzin, Armenia, at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, having pre-eminent supremacy in all spiritual matters over the See of Cilicia, located in Antelias, Lebanon, which administers to the dioceses under its jurisdiction as they see fit.

" In 1981, William Walsh argued that " Among the major Odes [...] no one has questioned the place and supremacy of ' To Autumn ', in which we see wholly realized, powerfully embodied in art, the complete maturity so earnestly laboured at in Keats's life, so persuasively argued about in his letters.

Music author Richie Unterberger has described the New York music scene, and the city itself, as "( i ) mmense, richly diverse, flashy, polyethnic, and engaged in a never-ending race for artistic and cosmopolitan supremacy ".

This styling of an Aryan invasion by British colonial fantasies of racial supremacy was incorporated by Communist revisionists as part of waging a Trotskyist permanent revolution in India between perceived " whites " and " darks ", and has no basis in genetic or anthropological studies of South Asian populations.

A total impossibility to adopt derogating laws could be considered incompatible with parliamentary sovereignty, a fundamental principle in political systems following the British tradition ; however, Canada, of which Quebec is a province, has a tradition of constitutional supremacy.

Eritrea has viewed this border dispute as an existential threat to itself in particular and the African Union in general, because it deals with the supremacy of colonial boundaries in Africa.

On December 15, 2005, the 1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission noted in its draft report that Daniels ' involvement in the overthrow of the elected city government of Wilmington, NC, by actively promoting white supremacy in The News and Observer was so significant that he has been referred to as the " precipitator of the riot.

White separatists claim that their desire to remove themselves from racially integrated society and to secede based on race removes the possibility of subjugating other racial and ethnic groups, and thus has no relation to white supremacy.