Because there is a natural season to farming and herding, it is easy to count and determine if a surplus had been gained after the crops had been harvested or the young animals weaned.

A positive balance is known as a trade surplus if it consists of exporting more than is imported ; a negative balance is referred to as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap.

They also may not write insurance that is typically available in the admitted market, do not participate in state guarantee funds ( and therefore policyholders do not have any recourse through these funds if an insurer becomes insolvent and cannot pay claims ), may pay higher taxes, only may write coverage for a risk if it has been rejected by three different admitted insurers, and only when the insurance producer placing the business has a surplus lines license.

A nation may have a visibles balance surplus but this can be offset by a larger deficit in the invisibles balance ( creating a Balance of Trade deficit overall ) – if, for example, there are large payments made to foreign businesses for invisibles such as shipping or tourism.

On the other hand a Visibles Balance deficit can be offset by a strong surplus on the invisibles balance if, for example, foreign aid is being provided.

This perception rests upon the assumption that if a surplus of goods or services exists, they would naturally fall in price to the point where they would be consumed.

Standard theory says that, if set above the equilibrium price, more labor will be willing to be provided by workers than will be demanded by employers, creating a surplus of labor, i. e., unemployment.

The arid environment which ranges from the northern areas of rain-fed agriculture to the south where irrigation of agriculture is essential if a surplus energy returned on energy invested ( EROEI ) is to be obtained.

For the second count, if a candidate wins election her / his surplus vote ( in excess of the quota ) is transferred to the voters ' second choices ; otherwise, the least popular candidate is eliminated and those votes are redistributed according to the second preference shown on them.

Traditionally, all members ( except for guests of honor ) must pay for their membership ; if the convention makes an adequate surplus after covering operating expenses, full or partial membership reimbursements are paid back after the convention.

Thus, where the money supply expanded, people would not simply wish to hold the extra money in idle money balances ; i. e., if they were in equilibrium before the increase, they were already holding money balances to suit their requirements, and thus after the increase they would have money balances surplus to their requirements.

Producer surplus is necessarily decreased, while consumer surplus may or may not increase ; however the decrease in producer surplus must be greater than the increase ( if any ) in consumer surplus.

On a standard supply and demand diagram, consumer surplus is the area ( triangular if the supply and demand curves are linear ) above the equilibrium price of the good and below the demand

The graph shows, that if we see a rise in the equilibrium price and a fall in the equilibrium quantity, then consumer surplus falls.

Although regulation of body temperature causes it to produce sweat which contain urea and other waste with salts too but the secretion of any type of waste for any purpose from the body is called excretion even if it is surplus water.

When Scrooge, whose sense of compassion is rapidly resurfacing, asks if Tim will die, the ghost confirms this, but uses Scrooge's past unkind comments to two charitable solicitors against him – saying " they had better do it now, and decrease the surplus population ".

* Program annual surplus ( or deficit if negative ) =

* Program annual cash surplus ( or deficit if negative )

On the other hand, if other parts of the budget are in surplus and program recipients can be paid from the general fund, then no additional debt need be issued.

But countries with trade surpluses would also be charged interest at 10 % if their surplus was more than half the size of their permitted overdraft, obliging them to increase their currency values and export more capital.

By the last item, any peasant who sold his surplus goods on the market could be automatically classified as a kulak.

The US declared any excess communal land of the tribe as " surplus " and sold it to European-American settlers.

As such, the system provides some built-in incentives and some degree of micro-level autonomy, unlike the budget allocation system, under which any surplus is turned over to the government in its entirety.

Most people would probably agree that at some 7 500 strong the Army is unnecessarily large, but sensible plans will need to be made for the employment of any surplus soldiers before they are discharged.

Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or unused votes are transferred according to the voter's stated preferences.

Establishing small settlements provided the new Afro-Guyanese communities an opportunity to grow and sell food, an extension of a practice under which slaves had been allowed to keep the money that came from the sale of any surplus produce.

It is a not-for-profit organisation ; any surplus is used to develop the publishing programme and to support the University.

Over major wars there were literally millions of surplus rifles converted to civilian uses ( sporterized ), many may be unsafe with modern ammunition-caution is required with any ex-military bolt action.

The idea was that the family would be able to raise its own food and use the profits from selling any surplus to work off its debt to the government.

A fiscal surplus is often saved for future use, and may be invested in either local currency or any financial instrument that may be traded later once resources are needed ; notice, additional debt is not needed.

During a speech in Canton, Ohio on September 27, 1960, he stated " McDowell County mines more coal than it ever has in its history, probably more coal than any county in the United States and yet there are more people getting surplus food packages in McDowell County than any county in the United States.

Arrangements were made with the oxygen-producing plant in Manila, which supplied the U. S. Navy's shipyard at Cavite, to buy any surplus for pursuit units, but output was so small that only the squadron at Nichols ( which reopened on 17 October ) could be supplied, and on a limited basis.

Elasticity is also crucially important in any discussion of welfare distribution, in particular consumer surplus, producer surplus, or government surplus.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the receipts and disbursements of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund shall not be counted as new budget authority, outlays, receipts, or deficit or surplus for purposes of -

As a result, Sumer and Akkad had a surplus of agricultural products, but was short of almost everything else, particularly metal ores, timber and building stone, all of which had to be imported.

Herodotus had no Athenian victories to record after the initial success, and the fact that Themistocles was able to carry his proposal to devote the surplus funds of the state to the building of so large a fleet seems to imply that the Athenians were themselves convinced that a supreme effort was necessary.

Under Clinton, the United States had a projected federal budget surplus for the first time since 1969.

The US last had a trade surplus in 1975.

The overall trade balance for August 2012 was a surplus of almost 390 million dollars for the first six months of 2012, a huge figure compared with that of 2007, which reached only $ 5. 7 million ; the surplus had risen by about 425 million compared to 2006.

Due to its ability to export raw materials, Australia had a trade surplus with Japan.

When Madison assumed office in 1809, the federal government had a surplus of $ 9, 500, 000 and by 1810 the national debt continued to be reduced and taxes had been cut.

At the start of Justinian I's reign he had inherited a surplus 28, 800, 000 solidi ( 400, 000 pounds of gold ) in the imperial treasury from Anastasius I and Justin I.

Marx called the difference " surplus value " and argued that this surplus value had its source in surplus labour, the difference between what it costs to keep workers alive and what they can produce.

* Paramount sold three features – I Married a Witch, The Crystal Ball and Young and Willing – to United Artists ( along with five Harry Sherman-produced westerns and 13 Hopalong Cassidys ) beginning in 1942 when that studio needed product to release, and Paramount had a surplus.

In the process he had been able to maximise revenues and contain expenditures, resulting in a healthy surplus and a famously large treasury, but also increasing political tensions.

The IBM MCA standard had not been as popular as IBM expected and there was an ample surplus of the connector, making it inexpensive and readily available.

This undervaluation was reflected in the current account balance, which had risen from the deficits of the early 1960s to a then-large surplus of US $ 5. 8 billion in 1971.

The flood water was held until the fertile sediment had settled before the surplus was returned to the watercourse.

Leopold's fortune was greatly increased through the proceeds of Congolese rubber, which had never previously been mass-produced in such surplus quantities.

The Dutch and English had to obtain it by creating a trade surplus with other European countries.

The dividends distributed by the company had exceeded the surplus it garnered in Europe in every decade but one ( 1710 – 1720 ) from 1690 to 1760.