The degree to which taxonomy depends on phylogenies differs between schools of taxonomy: numerical taxonomy ignored phylogeny altogether, trying to represent the similarity between organisms instead ; phylogenetic systematics tries to reproduce phylogeny in its classification without loss of information ; evolutionary taxonomy tries to find a compromise between them in order to represent stages of evolution.

* Pasquet, Éric ; Han, Lian-Xian ; Khobkhet, Obhas & Cibois, Alice ( 2001 ): Towards a molecular systematics of the genus Criniger, and a preliminary phylogeny of the bulbuls ( Aves, Passeriformes, Pycnonotidae ).

Whether to continue treating it as a suborder is still a subject of some controversy, as is whether the name itself should be used at all, though three basic approaches ranging from abolishing it entirely to maintaining the taxonomy with a slight change in systematics are proposed, two of which ( but not the traditional one ) agree with the phylogeny.

Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old and New World ratsnakes, Elaphe Auct., and related genera ( Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae ).

Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Pieridae ( Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: higher classification and biogeography.

* Austin, Jeremy J .; Bretagnolle, Vincent & Pasquet, Eric ( 2004 ): A global molecular phylogeny of the small Puffinus shearwaters and implications for systematics of the Little-Audubon's Shearwater complex.

The systematics of this genus is very complicated and there are a lot of controversial points of view about the unclear phylogeny of this group.

This species ' systematics and phylogeny is extremely confusing.

Its systematics, phylogeny and taxonomy are subject of considerable debate in the early 21st century.

Consequently, the phylogeny and systematics of the ichneumon wasps are not definitely resolved.

* Info on systematics, phylogeny and morphology of fiddlers-Fiddlercrab. info

The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.

Artocarpus ( Moraceae ) molecular phylogeny and the systematics and origins of breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis.

The product of evolutionary systematics is a division according to Linnaean taxonomy ( which can then be used to form tentative conclusions about phylogeny ); the product of a cladistic classification is a cladogram, which can then be used to recommend a taxonomy.

The systematics and phylogeny of gomphotheres are unclear and the group might in fact be paraphyletic — i. e., may not include all known descendants of their common ancestor.

* Austin, Jeremy J .; Bretagnolle, Vincent & Pasquet, Eric ( 2004 ): A global molecular phylogeny of the small Puffinus shearwaters and implications for systematics of the Little-Audubon's Shearwater complex.

* Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias & Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae ( Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae ) ( 2010 ): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis.

* Austin, Jeremy J .; Bretagnolle, Vincent & Pasquet, Eric ( 2004 ): A global molecular phylogeny of the small Puffinus shearwaters and implications for systematics of the Little-Audubon's Shearwater complex.

* Austin, Jeremy J .; Bretagnolle, Vincent & Pasquet, Eric ( 2004 ): A global molecular phylogeny of the small Puffinus shearwaters and implications for systematics of the Little-Audubon's Shearwater complex.

In phylogenetic systematics they are variously defined as the common ancestor and all its descendants of Younginiforms and " crown diapsids " ( the common ancestor of lizards, crocodilians and birds, and all their descendants ) 1997, or all diapsids that are more closely related to Sauria than to Araeoscelidia ( Laurin and Gauthier 2000 ).

Therefore an increase in the study of order, at national level, is of utmost importance for the progress of the systematics of the order in general.

This term is especially used as opposed to cladistic systematics, which groups organisms into clades.

Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time.

Systematic biology ( hereafter called simply systematics ) is the field that ( a ) provides scientific names for organisms, ( b ) describes them, ( c ) preserves collections of them, ( d ) provides classifications for the organisms, keys for their identification, and data on their distributions, ( e ) investigates their evolutionary histories, and ( f ) considers their environmental adaptations.

The term " systematics " is sometimes used synonymously with " taxonomy " and may be confused with " scientific classification ".

* Phylogeny-what is analyzed in systematics and taxonomy

Although phylogenetics itself is fundamental to modern-day systematics, its use for the description of new taxa, and placement within a classification scheme, is unrequired.

Emil Hans Willi Hennig ( April 20, 1913 – November 5, 1976 ) was a German biologist who is considered the founder of phylogenetic systematics, also known as cladistics.

Evolutionary systematics relies on anatomy, physiology and evolutionary history, which is determined through similarities in anatomy and, if possible, the genetics of organisms.

Cladistics, a modern form of systematics research, is based exclusively on demonstrable features of living and fossil animal groups ( taxa ) for reconstructing the genealogy of a species or group.

The systematics of the " Palaeoptera " are by no means resolved ; what can be said however is that regardless of whether they are called " Odonatoidea " or " Odonatoptera ", the Odonata and their extinct relatives do form a clade.

Because there is no Constitutional Court testing laws and acts against the constitution, much of the systematics are centered on the problem of delegation.

It is therefore outside of the uniform terminology and systematics of the renewed constitution: some elements of Article 23 are absolute rights, others can be limited by law, for some this limitation can be delegated to lower administrative bodies — but it is impossible to understand from the article itself what is the situation for each element ; this can only be learned from case law and doctrine.

The systematics of woodpeckers is quite convoluted.

This is based on data from molecular systematics.

Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography.

Molecular systematics is an essentially cladistic approach: it assumes that classification must correspond to phylogenetic descent, and that all valid taxa must be monophyletic.

Cladistics is a technique borrowed from biology, where it was originally named phylogenetic systematics by Willi Hennig.

There is still some controversy regarding the systematics involved.

Molecular systematics is a product of the traditional field of systematics and molecular genetics.

It is the process of using data on the molecular constitution of biological organisms ' DNA, RNA, or both, in order to resolve questions in systematics, i. e. about their correct scientific classification or taxonomy from the point of view of evolutionary biology.