The standard example is the stock of a company, undervalued in the stock market, which is about to be the object of a takeover bid ; the price of the takeover will more truly reflect the value of the company, giving a large profit to those who bought at the current price — if the merger goes through as predicted.

* In April 2012 Conservative Party MP and culture secretary came under pressure to resign as a result of his closeness to Rupert Murdoch's media empire and alleged corruption in dealing with Murdoch's bid for News Corporation's takeover of BSkyB.

If so, the mere fact that an incidental result ( even if it was a desired consequence ) was that a shareholder lost his majority, or a takeover bid was defeated, this would not itself make the share issue improper.

But if the sole purpose was to destroy a voting majority, or block a takeover bid, that would be an improper purpose.

In 1991, the company successfully fought off a hostile takeover bid from the Hanson plc conglomerate.

On 26 March 2007, Porsche took its holding of Volkswagen AG shares to 30. 9 %, triggering a takeover bid under German law.

It again triggered a takeover bid, but this time over Audi.

As Porsche had no strategic interest in the company, on 19 January, they offered the minimum price in that mandatory takeover bid.

The takeover bid from Square Enix was accepted by previous majority stockholder Kyocera, making Taito an official Square Enix subsidiary.

The Time Warner merger was almost derailed when Paramount Communications ( Formerly Gulf + Western, later sold to Viacom ), launched a $ 12. 2 billion dollar hostile takeover bid for Time Inc., forcing Time to acquire Warner for $ 14. 9 billion dollar cash / stock offer.

The company became a subsidiary of News Corporation after an extended takeover bid during 2007.

On 7 September 2009 Kraft Foods made a £ 10. 2 billion ( US $ 16. 2 billion ) indicative takeover bid for Cadbury.

In a reverse takeover the shareholders of the company being acquired end up with a majority of the shares in, and so control of, the company making the bid.

T. Boone Pickens hostile takeover bid of Gulf Oil in 1984 lead to shockwaves that such a large company could be raided.

Repeatedly rejected by the company's board and management, Perelman continued press forward with a hostile takeover raising his offer from an initial bid of $ 47. 50 per share until it reached $ 53. 00 per share.

The Mannesmann's acquisition of Orange triggered Vodafone to make a hostile takeover bid for the German company.

Peck played a business owner trying to save his company against a hostile takeover bid by a Wall Street liquidator played by Danny DeVito.

In April 2007, it was rumoured that Paul Allen, the American entrepreneur who formed Microsoft with Bill Gates, might launch a takeover bid for the club.

board had received a takeover bid from an unknown investor which would purchase 55 % of the shares in the company.

A group of Borders creditors rejected the Direct Brands takeover bid in July 2011.

On 29 June 2009, National Express rejected a takeover bid from fellow transport operator FirstGroup, saying it didn't " consider it appropriate " at the present time to discuss a takeover.

Faced with continuous incursions against it by a foreign power, Castro's foreboding of an immigrant takeover was soon confirmed when the United States started the Mexican-American War in a bid to seize Mexico's northern holdings.

The buyout, secretly negotiated by Charles M. Schwab ( no relation to Charles R. Schwab ), was the largest such industrial takeover in United States history to date.

Regulatory Arbitrage was used for the first time in 2005 when it was applied by Scott V. Simpson, a partner at law firm Skadden, Arps, to refer to a new defence tactic in hostile mergers and acquisitions where differing takeover regimes in deals involving multi-jurisdictions are exploited to the advantage of a target company under threat.

Following reform in 2005, which was prompted by takeover scandals, the bank has lost exclusive antitrust authority in the credit sector, which is now shared with Italy's Antitrust Authority.

Early in the following season the Addicks were linked with a foreign takeover, but this was swiftly denied by the club.

With Stalin's takeover, the role of the Central Committee was eclipsed by the Politburo, which consisted of a small clique of loyal Stalinists.

The intention was that these facilities would provide extra revenue to support the football side of the business, but they were less successful than hoped and before the Abramovich takeover in 2003 the debt taken on to finance them was a major burden on the club.

Soon after the takeover a decision was taken to drop the " Chelsea Village " brand and refocus on Chelsea as a football club.

Prior to its takeover the company was headquartered in a facility in Northwest unincorporated Harris County, Texas, United States that now serves as HP's United States headquarters.

Henry's succession was strongly contested by the Catholic League and by Philip II, and Elizabeth feared a Spanish takeover of the channel ports.

1939 was a busy year, as he opened the 1939 New York World's Fair at Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens, opened New York Municipal Airport No. 2 in Queens ( later renamed Fiorello H. LaGuardia Field ), and had the city buy out the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, thus completing the public takeover of the subway system.

There was also a merger of the Gaelic and Pictish crowns, although historians debate whether it was a Pictish takeover of Dál Riata, or the other way around.

At 8. 00am on 2 January 2008 completion of the takeover of ICI plc by Akzo Nobel NV was announced.

By the time the railway was built, military resistance by the African population to the original British takeover had petered out.

Following the takeover of the club by George Gillett and Tom Hicks in February 2007, the proposed stadium was redesigned.

Although the brand originates from the original 1947 model, Land Rover as a company has only existed since 1978, prior to this it was a product line of the Rover Company which was subsequently absorbed into the Rover-Triumph division of the British Leyland Motor Corporation ( BL ) following Leyland Motor Corporation ’ s takeover of Rover in 1967.

An example of this would be the takeover of Chrysler by Daimler-Benz in 1999 which was widely referred to as a merger at the time.

During the summer of 2008, a club takeover was agreed between Cazzola and an American-based consortium ; this was, however, cancelled in the end, following disagreements between the parties, and the club was successively sold to a local group led by new chairman Francesca Menarini, who thus became the second female chairman in the whole Serie A. Arrigoni was confirmed as head coach by the new group, and the start appeared to be particularly impressive, with a surprising 2 – 1 win at San Siro against Milan thanks to a winning goal scored by Francesco Valiani.

's stock price plummeted after it rejected a takeover from Microsoft, a bid that Yang strongly opposed.

As CEO, Yang rejected a hostile takeover offer from Microsoft in May 2008.

The offer was rejected and those companies eventually gave up their takeover attempt.

In December 2005, the London Stock Exchange rejected a £ 1. 6 billion takeover offer from Macquarie Bank.

From 1997 to 1999, Dyke served on the board at Manchester United as a non-executive director, and was the sole board member to oppose a takeover bid from Sky TV, which was subsequently rejected by the Monopolies and Mergers Commission.

The takeover was strongly opposed by Coopers ' management, and was rejected at an Extraordinary General Meeting when 93. 4 % of the shareholders voted in favour of permanently removing the " 3rd tier purchasing rights " of Lion Nathan, effectively preventing any current or future takeover bid.

The three-month takeover battle concluded when Sanofi-Synthélabo launched a friendly bid of € 54. 5 billion in place of the previously rejected hostile bid.

Resolution resumed talks with Friends Provident in July 2009 but was rejected twice, though Friends Provident eventually agreed to a takeover in August 2009.

This bid reportedly is less dependent on debt than his February 2005 takeover bid, which was rejected by the club's board because of this issue.

In 2007 Bendigo Bank rejected Bank of Queensland's merger / takeover proposal, while agreeing to merge with Adelaide Bank.

It was ultimately rejected at an Extraordinary General Meeting when the holders of 93. 4 % of the shares voted in favour of permanently removing the 3rd tier purchasing rights of Lion Nathan, effectively preventing any current or future takeover bid.

The bid was rejected by the Esat board and so became a hostile takeover attempt.

On 29 June 2009, FirstGroup said a takeover bid over fellow transport operator National Express Group, which was struggling with debt over the East Coast Main Line rail franchise at the time, had been rejected, National Express saying it did not " consider it appropriate " at the time to discuss a takeover.

After a hostile takeover bid by Carson Pirie Scott was rejected in 1995, Younkers ' shareholders agreed to a friendly takeover by Proffitt's, Inc., of Knoxville, Tennessee.

A takeover bid for De La Rue was made by the Rank Organisation plc in 1968 but this was rejected by the Monopolies commission as being against the public interest.

On 7 February 2006, HMV Group received a £ 762 million conditional takeover bid ( based on 190p a share ) from Permira, however it was rejected on the basis that it was an insufficient valuation of the company.

On 13 March 2006, HMV released a press statement declining a second offer from the private equity firm, even though it increased the value of the company, HMV felt that their firm was being undervalued and so rejected that offer of takeover as well.