The micromechanical cleavage technique led directly to the first observation of the anomalous quantum Hall effect in graphene, which provided direct evidence of the theoretically predicted pi Berry's phase of massless Dirac fermions in graphene.

The sralai is very similar in construction and playing technique to the Thai pi.

The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle ( 384 – 322 B. C.

* Principal components analysis – a technique that can be used to simplify a dataset

* Finite element analysis – a computer simulation technique used in engineering analysis

* Aura analysis – a technique in which supporters of the method claim that the body's aura, or energy field is analyzed

* Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition ( CCVD ) – Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition or flame pyrolysis is an open-atmosphere, flame-based technique for depositing high-quality thin films and nanomaterials.

The technique used for his original estimate, possibly as many as 12, 000, 000 species, was criticized, and was later revised, with estimates of 850, 000 – 4, 000, 000 species proposed.

The method is named after its inventor, the Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram ( 1850 – 1938 ), who developed the technique while working with Carl Friedländer in the morgue of the city hospital in Berlin.

Henry Ford ( July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947 ) was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.

Stillman, with the assistance of Dr. Alexander Gode, developed a prototyping technique – an objective methodology for selecting and standardizing vocabulary based on a comparison of control languages.

Aerobraking does not require a thick atmosphere – for example most Mars landers use the technique, and Mars ' atmosphere is only about 1 % as thick as Earth's.

While at General Electric, from 1909 – 1950, Langmuir advanced several basic fields of physics and chemistry, invented the gas-filled incandescent lamp, the hydrogen welding technique, and was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in surface chemistry.

** Food irradiation – A technique for preserving and improving the safety of Food, WHO, Geneva, 1991 ( revised )

One well-known qualitative technique employed in I – O psychology is John Flanagan's Critical Incident Technique, which requires " qualified observers " ( e. g., pilots in studies of aviation, construction workers in studies of construction projects ) to describe a work situation that resulted in a good or bad outcome.

* Side knee snap strike – is a highly-deceptive knee technique used in close-range fighting.

Lomography ’ s website showcases many high-contrast photographs – with unusual saturation and color – that were created using the technique called cross processing in which film intended for developing in slide chemistry ( E-6 ) is processed in photographic negative chemistry ( C-41 ), and vice versa.

Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery ( MIS ), bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions ( usually 0. 5 – 1. 5 cm ) as opposed to the larger incisions needed in laparotomy.

The second half of the century saw no composers equal in stature, but in the early 17th century Johannes Hieronymus Kapsberger ( c. 1580 – 1651 ) and Alessandro Piccinini ( 1566 – 1638 ) revolutionized the instrument's technique and Kapsberger, possibly, influenced the keyboard music of Frescobaldi.

* 1809 – Mary Kies becomes the first woman awarded a U. S. patent, for a technique of weaving straw with silk and thread.

Henri Bergson ( 1859 – 1941 ), on the other hand, emphasized the difference between scientific, clock time and the direct, subjective, human experience of time His work on time and consciousness " had a great influence on twentieth-century novelists ," especially those modernists who used the stream of consciousness technique, such as Dorothy Richardson, Pointed Roofs, ( 1915 ), James Joyce, Ulysses ( 1922 ) and Virginia Woolf ( 1882 – 1941 ) Mrs Dalloway ( 1925 ), To the Lighthouse ( 1927 ).

The Kebaran culture ( 18, 000 – 10, 500 BCE ) not only introduced the microlithic assemblage into the region, it also has African affinity, specifically with the Ouchtata retouch technique associated with the microlithic Halfan culture of Egypt ( 24, 000 – 17, 000 BCE ).

Some phonologists prefer not to specify a unique phoneme in such cases, since to do so would mean providing redundant or even arbitrary information – instead they use the technique of underspecification.

Assuming ZF is consistent, Paul Cohen employed the technique of forcing, developed for this purpose, to show that the axiom of choice itself is not a theorem of ZF by constructing a much more complex model which satisfies ZF ¬ C ( ZF with the negation of AC added as axiom ) and thus showing that ZF ¬ C is consistent.

To prove this theorem, Gödel developed a technique now known as Gödel numbering, which codes formal expressions as natural numbers.

Using Wick theorem on the terms of the Dyson series, all the terms of the S-matrix for quantum electrodynamics can be computed through the technique of Feynman diagrams.

The fact that this technique furnishes a solution is in itself an existence theorem and of independent interest.

This theorem states that a circuit of voltage sources and resistors can be converted into a Thévenin equivalent, which is a simplification technique used in circuit analysis.

In the course of this he made several metamathematical discoveries, most notably Tarski's undefinability theorem using the same formal technique as Kurt Gödel used in his incompleteness theorems.

A similar technique, known as the " tape compression theorem ", allows for a similar constant factor reduction in the space requirements of a Turing machine.

Dandelin, the geometer who discovered the celebrated Dandelin spheres, came up with a beautiful proof using " 3D lifting " technique that is analogous to the 3D proof of Desargues ' theorem.

This theorem also provides a simple technique for implementing a VMM, called trap-and-emulate virtualization, more recently called classic virtualization: because all sensitive instructions behave nicely, all the VMM has to do is trap and emulate every one of them.

One proof of Carathéodory's theorem uses a technique of examining solutions to systems of linear equations, similar to the proof of Radon's theorem, to eliminate one point at a time until at most d + 1 remain.

To prove the theorem she used a new approach, applying a technique introduced by Lars Ahlfors for conformal mappings.

In mathematical logic and automated theorem proving, resolution is a rule of inference leading to a refutation theorem-proving technique for sentences in propositional logic and first-order logic.

The research with high-resolution ( HR ) CS AAS was pioneered by the groups of O ’ Haver and Harnly in the USA, who also developed the ( up until now ) only simultaneous multi-element spectrometer for this technique.

It is also important to note that Griffith described cross-cutting indiscriminately as the ‘ switch-back ’ or ‘ cut-back ’ or ‘ flash-back ’ technique, and that by the last of these terms he did not mean what we now understand by a ‘ flash-back ’.

The Supernatural Explained-as this technique was aptly named-is a recurring plot device in Radcliffe ’ s The Romance of the Forest.

The significance of the change in miniature size and placement may indicate images of special emphasis, could merely function as a narrative or didactic technique, or could indicate different artisans at work in Alfonso ’ s scriptorium as the project developed over time.

Whereas some European national archives have tested deacidification techniques, the United States ’ National Archives and Records Administration ( NARA ), which pioneered an aqueous technique that improved upon Barrow ’ s, has chosen to invest its preservation dollars elsewhere.

By this time, however, Panama ’ s importance and influence had become insignificant as Spain ’ s power dwindled in Europe and advances in navigation technique increasingly permitted to round Cape Horn in order to reach the Pacific.

This technique of representing simultaneity, multiple viewpoints ( or relative motion ) is pushed to a high degree of complexity in Gleizes ' monumental Le Dépiquage des Moissons ( Harvest Threshing ), exhibited at the 1912 Salon de la Section d ' Or, Le Fauconnier ’ s Abundance shown at the Indépendants of 1911, and Delaunay's City of Paris, shown at the Indépendants in 1912.

Byrd evolved a special ' cell ' technique for setting the petitionary clauses such as ‘ miserere mei ’ or ‘ libera nos Domine ’ which form the focal point for a number of the texts.

As Ravel said, “ It is probably better after all for us to be on frigid terms for illogical reasons .” Ravel stoically absorbed superficial comparisons with Debussy promulgated by biased critics, including Pierre Lalo, an anti-Ravel critic who stated, “ Where M. Debussy is all sensitivity, M. Ravel is all insensitivity, borrowing without hesitation not only technique but the sensitivity of other people .” During 1913, in a remarkable coincidence, both Ravel and Debussy independently produced and published musical settings for poems by Stéphane Mallarmé, again provoking comparisons of their work and their perceived influence on each other, which continued even after Debussy ’ s death five years later.

An alternative to infant diapers is the infant potty training method or elimination communication, a technique that involves sound association, learning an infant ’ s body language, and reacting quickly enough to reach a suitable spot for elimination.

The imaging technique of choice for cystic echinococcosis is ultrasonography since it is not only able to visualize the cysts in the body ’ s organs but it is also inexpensive, non-invasive and gives instant results.

Gersonides was also the earliest known mathematician to have used the technique of mathematical induction in a systematic and self-conscious fashion and anticipated Galileo ’ s error theory.

In focusing primarily on quiet moments, very rarely showing action, Hopper employed a form of realism adopted by another leading American realist Andrew Wyeth, but Hopper ’ s technique was completely different from Wyeth ’ s hyper-detailed style.

According to Ferenczi, "… One learned from and from his kind of technique various things that made one ’ s life and work more comfortable: the calm, unemotional reserve ; the unruffled assurance that one knows better ; and the theories, the seeking and finding of the causes of failure in the patient instead of partly in ourselves … and finally the pessimistic view, shared only with a few, that neurotics are a rabble, good only to support us financially and to allow us to learn from their cases: psychoanalysis as a therapy may be worthless " ( Ferenczi, 1995, pp. 185 – 186 ).

When Barker first patented his technique in 1787, he had given it a French title: La Nature à Coup d ’ Oeil (" Nature at a glance ").

In most cases, the mainsail isn ’ t changed while sailing, although there are mechanisms to reduce its surface if the wind is very strong ( a technique called reefing ).

What ’ s known as the Cuban típico style of soloing on trombone draws upon the technique of stringing together moña variations.