The term altruism may also refer to an ethical doctrine that claims that individuals are morally obliged to benefit others.

Critchley argues that deconstruction involves an openness to the other that makes it ethical in the Levinasian understanding of the term.

Nor does ethical egoism necessarily entail that, in pursuing self-interest, one ought always to do what one wants to do ; e. g. in the long term, the fulfillment of short-term desires may prove detrimental to the self.

Since the introduction of the term, ethical egoism has been retroactively applied to philosophers before Sidgwick.

The term ethical egoism has been applied retroactively to philosophers such as Bernard de Mandeville and to many other materialists of his generation, although none of them declared themselves to be egoists.

Since then, the term has become common in English-language ethical theory.

Hoy's post-critique model uses the term ethical resistance.

New Religious Movement ( NRM ) is a term used to refer to a religious faith or an ethical, spiritual, or philosophical movement of recent origin that is not part of an established denomination, church, or religious body.

Nor does ethical egoism necessarily entail that, in pursuing self-interest, one ought always to do what one wants to do ; e. g. in the long term, the fulfilment of short-term desires may prove detrimental to the self.

The term is sometimes used loosely to describe any arguments that claim to draw ethical conclusions from natural facts.

Moore's argument in Principia Ethica is ( among other things ) a defense of ethical non-naturalism ; he argues that the term " good " ( in the sense of intrinsic value ) is indefinable, because it names a simple, non-natural property.

By contrast, many ethical philosophers have tried to prove some of their claims about ethics by appealing to an analysis of the meaning of the term " good "; they held, that is, that " good " can be defined in terms of one or more natural properties which we already understand ( such as " pleasure ", in the case of hedonists ).

A corollary to Rand's endorsement of self-interest is her rejection of the ethical doctrine of altruism — which she defined in the sense of Auguste Comte's altruism ( he coined the term ), as a moral obligation to live for the sake of others.

In Hinduism, the term sin ( in Sanskrit ) is often used to describe actions that create negative karma by violating moral and ethical codes, which automatically brings negative consequences.

The ambiguous term wu-wei () constitutes the leading ethical concept in Taoism.

Some scholars make sharp distinctions between moral or ethical usage of the word Dao that is prominent in Confucianism and religious Daoism and the more metaphysical usage of the term used in philosophical Daoism and most forms of Mahayana Buddhism ; others maintain that these are not separate usages or meanings, seeing them as mutually inclusive and compatible approaches to defining the concept.

Paronomastically, dao is equated with its homonym 蹈 dao < d ' ôg, " to trample ," " tread ," and from that point of view it is nothing more than a " treadway ," " headtread ," or " foretread "; it is also occasionally associated with a near synonym ( and possible cognate ) 迪 ti < d ' iôk, " follow a road ," " go along ," " lead ," " direct "; " pursue the right path "; a term with definite ethical overtones and a graph with an exceedingly interesting phonetic, 由 yu < djôg ," " to proceed from.

Friction between these two main methods has led to long term issues of ethical consumerism.

In Judaism, the term " Torah " refers not only to the Five Books of Moses, but also to all of the Jewish scriptures ( the whole of Tanakh ), and the ethical and moral instructions of the rabbis ( the Oral Torah ).

Finally, the term is sometimes applied to less rigorous ideas that may be interesting observations or relationships, practical or ethical guidelines ( also called rules of thumb ), and even humorous parodies of such laws.

The term originally only referred to sexually inexperienced women, but has evolved to encompass a range of definitions, as found in traditional, modern, and ethical concepts.

The term was used by the Musar movement to refer to efforts to further ethical and spiritual discipline.

Although this term often implies unethical practices, Amabile has suggested that even this profession can benefit from the ( ethical ) application of creative thinking.

Dembe and Boden point out, however, that prominent mathematicians studying decision making in the 18th century used " moral " to mean " subjective ", which may cloud the true ethical significance in the term.

Dignity is a term used in moral, ethical, and political discussions to signify that a being has an innate right to respect and ethical treatment.

While use of the term consumer is widespread among governmental, business and media organisations, many individuals and groups find the label objectionable because it assigns a limited and passive role to their activities.

The term " embedded database " can be confusing because only a small subset of embedded database products is used in real-time embedded systems such as telecommunications switches and consumer electronics devices.

XDECTR is not a " technology " but a marketing term used by Uniden to differentiate their products for the consumer.

Unlike their parents who challenged leaders with an intent to replace them, Gen Xers tend to ignore leaders and work for more long term institutional and systematic change through economic, media and consumer actions.

The term life expectancy may also be used in the context of manufactured objects although the related term shelf life is used for consumer products and the terms " mean time to breakdown " ( MTTB ) and " mean time before failures " ( MTBF ) are used in engineering literature.

* To many socialists, the term private property refers to capital or the means of production, while personal property refers to consumer and non-capital goods and services.

The term did not become widely known and used, however, until the early 1980s, essentially synonymous with the introduction of the IBM PC and numerous related hardware and software products to the consumer market.

The term is often used to imply a specific field of technology, or to refer to high technology or just consumer electronics, rather than technology as a whole.

The term Set-Back Box is used in the digital TV industry to describe a piece of consumer hardware that enables them to access both linear broadcast and internet-based video content, plus a range of interactive services like Electronic Programme Guides ( EPG ), Pay Per View ( PPV ) and Video on Demand ( VOD ) as well as internet browsing, and view them on a large screen television set.

The book became a national bestseller in the United States, thus further popularizing the term, and spurred the growth of the consumer protection movement.

The term " toy " or " toy-grade " in regards to radio control cars is used to describe vehicles of the pre-assembled type generally found in discount stores and consumer stores.

In 1992, the United States outlawed the use of " Rule of 78s " interest in connection with mortgage refinancing and other consumer loans over five years in term.

Sometimes, the term " consumerism " is also used to refer to the consumerists movement, consumer protection or consumer activism, which seeks to protect and inform consumers by requiring such practices as honest packaging and advertising, product guarantees, and improved safety standards.

The term " consumerism " was first used in 1915 to refer to " advocacy of the rights and interests of consumers " ( Oxford English Dictionary ) but in this article the term " consumerism " refers to the sense first used in 1960, " emphasis on or preoccupation with the acquisition of consumer goods " ( Oxford English Dictionary ).

Regarding the ambiguities of denotation and connotation of the term “ conspicuous consumption ”, in the European Journal of Marketing article “ Conspicuous Consumption: A Literature Review ” ( 1984 ), R. Mason reported that the classical, general theories of consumer decision-processes do not readily accommodate the construct of “ conspicuous consumption ”, because the nature of said socio-economic behaviours varies according to the social class and the economic group studied.

A retail electricity market exists when end-use customers can choose their supplier from competing electricity retailers ; one term used in the United States for this type of consumer choice is ' energy choice '.

The term was devised by the Austrian School economist Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, who maintained that it was consumer demand, and not necessarily the supply of savings, that would determine the capital investment in any industry.

This differs slightly from the context in which the term was first published in 1969 by Jack Trout in the paper " Positioning " is a game people play in today ’ s me-too market place " in the publication Industrial Marketing, in which the case is made that the typical consumer is overwhelmed with unwanted advertising, and has a natural tendency to discard all information that does not immediately find a comfortable ( and empty ) slot in the consumers mind.

Such activity is referred to as loan sharking, but that term is also applied to non-coercive usurious lending or even to the practice of making consumer loans without a license in jurisdictions that require licenses.

* In marketing, the term Gold Standard refers to a product that so satisfies the consumer that it functions as a standard for all other products of the same type.

With the exception of 3M / Imation, all Laserdisc manufacturers adopted the CAA encoding scheme, although the term was rarely ( if ever ) used on any consumer packaging.

In the long term, the consumer may lose too.