The term allegiance was traditionally often used by English legal commentators in a larger sense, divided by them into natural and local, the latter applying to the deference which even a foreigner must pay to the institutions of the country in which he happens to live.

The term Transonic refers to a range of velocities just below and above the local speed of sound ( generally taken as Mach 0. 8 – 1. 2 ).

Each municipality has an autonomous local government, comprising a mayor, directly elected by the people to a four year term, and a legislative body, also directly elected by the people.

The earliest writings of the Apostolic Fathers, the Didache and the First Epistle of Clement for example, show the church used two terms for local church offices — presbyters ( seen by many as an interchangeable term with episcopos or overseer ) and deacon.

In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ( ELCA ) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada ( ELCIC ), the largest Lutheran Church bodies in the United States and Canada respectively and roughly based on the Nordic Lutheran state churches ( similar to that of the Church of England ), bishops are elected by Synod Assemblies, consisting of both lay members and clergy, for a term of 6 years, which can be renewed, depending upon the local synod's " constitution " ( which is mirrored on either the ELCA or ELCIC's national constitution ).

In some smaller Protestant denominations and independent churches the term bishop is used in the same way as pastor, to refer to the leader of the local congregation, and may be male or female.

In Australia, the term " borough " is an occasionally used term for a local government area.

The first term on the right-hand side of this equation gives the local rate of change of the property occurring at position.

The term " congregationalist polity " describes a form of church governance that is based on the local congregation.

In this local coordinate system the acceleration resembles the expression for nonuniform circular motion with the local radius ρ ( s ), and the centripetal acceleration is identified as the second term.

The City of Dublin is the area administered by Dublin City Council, but the term " Dublin " normally refers to the contiguous urban area which includes parts of the adjacent local authority areas of Dún Laoghaire – Rathdown, Fingal and South Dublin.

Some have seen it more as an aspiration, which has been successfully realised in the short term by commitment to the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity ( these being built into financially independent local cooperatives and small family businesses ), though proponents also cite such periods as the Middle Ages as examples of the historical long-term viability of distributism.

regardless of their local view on an appropriate term.

Unfortunately, the use of the term " pan-Orthodox " is confusing to those not within Eastern Orthodoxy, and it leads to mistaken impressions that these are ersatz ecumenical councils rather than purely local councils to which nearby Orthodox hierarchs, regardless of jurisdiction, are invited.

The Communist Party of Britain and The Socialist Workers Party, neither of which have any considerable power or influence, with not one seat in Parliament nor in a local council, both criticise the European Union from an ultra-left perspective and their " scepticism " is a form of left-wing euroscepticism although its adherents may reject the term.

Although it never uses the term, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( The Mormon Church ) is episcopal, rather than presbyterian or congregational, in the sense that it has a strict hierarchy of leadership from the local bishop up to a single prophet / president, believed to be personally authorized and guided by Jesus Christ.

For instance, the Indonesian language uses the Dutch term kaisar exclusively for foreign emperors such as the Japanese, but never for local rulers.

It is possible the tradition was carried on by the local community after the travellers had left, or that long term trade led to the blurring of cultures.

The argument is that these symbiotic organisms, being unable to survive apart from each other and their climate and local conditions, form an organism in their own right, under a wider conception of the term organism than is conventionally used.

Second, Caesar uses the term Germani, for a very specific tribal grouping in northeastern Belgic Gaul, west of the Rhine, the largest part of which were the Eburones, making clear that he was using the name in the local way.

The term is usually used to refer to elections held for a nation's primary legislative body, as distinguished from by-elections and local elections.

He sought a second term in 1982, but due to a deep recession and concerns that he wasn't paying attention to local matters, he was defeated in a re-election bid by the state Attorney General Jeff Bingaman by a 54 % to 46 % margin.

The term is also conflated with the 34 areas currently used to demarcate areas of local government in the Republic of Ireland at the level of LAU 1.

While the term " Afghani " is typically used in reference to the unit of Afghan currency, some use the term to indicate a person or thing of, from, or related to Afghanistan, e. g., a citizen of Afghanistan.

Darwin did not use the term in Origin of Species until its sixth edition in 1872, ( though earlier editions did use the word " evolved ") by which time Herbert Spencer had given it scientific currency with a broad definition of progression in complexity in 1862.

The use of the term " elastic currency " in the Federal Reserve Act does not imply only the ability to expand the money supply, but also the ability to contract the money supply.

In some cases, the third letter is the initial for " new " in that country's language, to distinguish it from an older currency that was revalued ; the code sometimes outlasts the usage of the term " new " itself ( for example, the code for the Mexican peso is MXN ).

The term gained much currency in the 1940s, promoted by groups which evolved into the National Conference of Christians and Jews, to fight antisemitism by expressing a more inclusive idea of American values rather than just Christian or Protestant.

Private mints have also attempted to capitalize off the popularity of the Krugerrand, minting gold and silver bullion rounds ( the term coin denotes legal currency ) in the style of the Krugerrand.

When the euro replaced markka, mummonmarkka " grandma's markka " ( sometimes shortened to just mummo ) became a new slang term for the old currency.

The term has some limited currency in polemic debates about the Cold War, and more currently, the Arab-Israeli conflict.

The term started to gain currency in 1622, when a new branch of the Catholic Church was created, called the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide ( Congregation for Propagating the Faith ), or informally simply Propaganda.

The term has gained some currency in sociobiology, where it refers, analogously, to a mating system in which one female forms more or less permanent bonds to more than one male.

Silver has long been valued as a precious metal, and it is used as an investment, to make ornaments, jewelry, high-value tableware, utensils ( hence the term silverware ), and currency coins.

The term gained currency following the publication ( in 1969 ) of an article dealing with the subject, " The Bruckner Problem Simplified ," by musicologist Deryck Cooke, which brought the issue to the attention of English-speaking musicians.

The term social Darwinism gained widespread currency when used in 1944 to oppose these earlier concepts.

* Alternative currency is often used, but in essence this term is deceitful in many cases, as many currencies are designed to be complementary, and not to concur with-or to substitute conventional currencies.

The term " local currency " does not refer to national currency that happens to be used only in a local area.

In American English, the symbol is usually called the pound sign ( outside the US, this term often describes instead the British currency symbol "£") and the telephone key is called the pound key.

It is never called the " pound sign ", because that term is understood to mean the currency symbol "£", for pound sterling or ( formerly ) Irish pound.

China has initiated various pilot projects to " internationalize " the RMB in the hope that it will become a reserve currency over the long term.

Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds, although the term " sovereign bond " may also refer to bonds issued in a country's own currency.

Although some terms in academia do go out of style, such as " Dark Ages ", the term Barbarian is in full common currency among all mainstream medieval scholars and is not out of style or outdated, though a disclaimer is often felt to be needed, as when Ralph W. Mathisen prefaces a discussion of barbarian bishops in Late Antiquity, " It should also be noted that the word " barbarian " will be used here as a convenient, nonpejorative term to refer to all the non-Latin and non-Greek speaking exterae gentes who dwelt around, and even eventually settled within, the Roman Empire during late antiquity ".

He is credited with having coined the term " creativity " to serve as the ultimate category of his metaphysical scheme: " Whitehead actually coined the term – our term, still the preferred currency of exchange among literature, science, and the arts.