The first use of the term " anthropology " in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in 1593, the first of the " logies " to be coined.

The term allegiance was traditionally often used by English legal commentators in a larger sense, divided by them into natural and local, the latter applying to the deference which even a foreigner must pay to the institutions of the country in which he happens to live.

Because these two definitions can be transformed simply by into the other, some formulae have this alternatingly (- 1 )< sup > n </ sup >- term and others not depending on the context, but it is not possible to decide in favor of one of these definitions to be the correct or appropriate or natural one ( for the abstract Bernoulli numbers ).

Since society considers so many rights as natural ( hence the term " right ") rather than man-made, what constitutes a crime also counts as natural, in contrast to laws ( seen as man-made ).

Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.

In the broadest sense, the term impact crater can be applied to any depression, natural or manmade, resulting from the high velocity impact of a projectile with a larger body.

The term affinity has been used figuratively since c. 1600 in discussions of structural relationships in chemistry, philology, etc., and reference to " natural attraction " is from 1616.

It is reported that although Puységur used the term ' clairvoyance ', he did not think of these phenomena as " paranormal ", since he accepted mesmerism as one of the natural sciences.

In the United States, the term " Darwinism " is often used by creationists as a pejorative term in reference to beliefs such as atheistic naturalism, but in the United Kingdom the term has no negative connotations, being freely used as a short hand for the body of theory dealing with evolution, and in particular, evolution by natural selection.

However, unlike Johnson, Hodge confined the term to exclude those like Asa Gray who combined Christian faith with support for Darwin's natural selection theory, before answering the question posed in the book's title by concluding: " It is Atheism.

In the United Kingdom the term often retains its positive sense as a reference to natural selection, and for example Richard Dawkins wrote in his collection of essays A Devil's Chaplain, published in 2003, that as a scientist he is a Darwinist.

This view naturally led to what was then usually called necessitarianism ( the modern term is determinism ): the view that everything in the universe – including human behavior – is completely causally determined by antecedent circumstances and natural law.

The term " niche construction " is more often used in reference to the under-appreciated feedback mechanism of natural selection imparting forces on the abiotic niche.

The term free-running sleep has occasionally been used by non-scientists to indicate intentional facilitation of the natural sleep / wake cycle.

In computing as well as typography, the term " character " refers to a grapheme or grapheme-like unit of text, as found in natural language writing systems ( scripts ).

Physics ( from Greek: φύσις physis " nature ") is a branch of science that developed out of philosophy, and was thus referred to as natural philosophy until the late 19th century-a term describing a field of study concerned with " the workings of nature ".

The term is formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the " hard " ( natural ) and " soft " ( social ) sciences.

The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning ; human clones in the form of identical twins are commonplace, with their cloning occurring during the natural process of reproduction.

The term has also been applied to the attitudes of some corporations and governments toward the natural environment that lead them to ignore the dangers of global warming, oil spills, etc.

Coauthor Wilson later acknowledged the term meme as the best label for the fundamental unit of cultural inheritance in his 1998 book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, which elaborates upon the fundamental role of memes in unifying the natural and social sciences.

The term was introduced by Darwin in his groundbreaking 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described by analogy to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.

The disruption of the river's natural flow, run-off from agriculture, and the introduction of pest species like the European Carp has led to serious environmental damage along the river's length and to concerns that the river will be unusably salty in the medium to long term — a serious problem given that the Murray supplies 40 % of Adelaide's domestic water.

The Afroasiatic language family was originally referred to as " Hamito-Semitic ", a term introduced in the 1860s by the German scholar Karl Richard Lepsius.

The term Afroasiatic Urheimat ( Urheimat meaning " original homeland " in German ) refers to the ' hypothetical ' place where Proto-Afroasiatic speakers lived in a single linguistic community, or complex of communities, before this original language dispersed geographically and divided into distinct languages.

Augmentative and alternative communication ( AAC ) is an umbrella term that encompasses methods of communication for those with impairments or restrictions on the production or comprehension of spoken or written language.

The term " Altaic ", as the name for a language family, was introduced in 1844 by Matthias Castrén, a pioneering Finnish philologist who made major contributions to the study of the Uralic languages.

The term for the mountain peaks varies by nation and language: words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, and berg are used in German speaking regions: mont and aguille in French speaking regions ; and monte or cima in Italian speaking regions.

David Roberts, in his book " In Search of the Old Ones: Exploring the Anasazi World of the Southwest ", explained his reason for using the term " Anasazi " over a term using " Puebloan ", noting that the latter term " derives from the language of an oppressor who treated the indigenes of the Southwest far more brutally than the Navajo ever did.

Today, Alemannic is a linguistic term, referring to Alemannic German, encompassing the dialects of the southern two thirds of Baden-Württemberg ( German State ), in western Bavaria ( German State ), in Vorarlberg ( Austrian State ), Swiss German in Switzerland and the Alsatian language of the Alsace ( France ).

Today, many Ainu dislike the term Ainu because it had once been used with derogatory nuance, and prefer to identify themselves as Utari ( comrade in the Ainu language ).

Hence, historically, it is a daughter language of Dutch, and was previously referred to as " Cape Dutch " ( a term also used to refer collectively to the early Cape settlers ) or ' kitchen Dutch ' ( a crude or derogatory term Afrikaans was called in its earlier days ).

There is no earlier use of the term and Adjacium is not an attested Latin word, which probably means that it is a Latinization of a word in some other language.

Acephali ( from the Greek language a -, " without ," and kephalos, " head ") is a term applied to several sects as having no head or leader.

* In addition, Finnish, a Baltic-Finnic language, has calqued the Swedish term as Itämeri " East Sea ", disregarding the geography ( the sea is west of Finland ), though understandably since Finland was a part of Sweden from the Middle Ages until 1809.

The term " bagpipe " is equally correct in the singular or plural, although in the English language, pipers most commonly talk of " the pipes ", " a set of pipes ", or " a stand of pipes ".

The term " bodhisatta " ( Pāli language ) was used by the Buddha in the Pāli canon to refer to himself both in his previous lives and as a young man in his current life, prior to his enlightenment, in the period during which he was working towards his own liberation.

British English ( or BrEn, BrE, BE, en-UK or en-GB )< ref > is the language code for British English, as defined by ISO standards ( see ISO 639-1 and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 ) and Internet standards ( see IETF language tag ).</ ref > is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere.

The Oxford English Dictionary applies the term to English " as spoken or written in the British Isles ; esp the forms of English usual in Great Britain ", reserving " Hiberno-English " for the " English language as spoken and written in Ireland ".

One source asserts that the term entered the language in 1827, adapted from an extinct Aboriginal language of New South Wales, Australia, but mentions a variant, wo-mur-rang, which it dates from 1798.

The term " balabaika " was widely used in Ukrainian language documents from 1717 to 1732.

From 1907 on, English language articles sometimes used the term " Maximalist " for " Bolshevik " and " Minimalist " for " Menshevik ", which proved confusing since there was also a " Maximalist " faction within the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1904 – 1906 ( which after 1906 formed a separate Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists ) and then again after 1917.