Astrobiology is the field concerned with forming theories, such as panspermia, about the distribution, nature, and future of life in the universe.

Because the two ends of an open string can always meet and connect, forming a closed string, there are no string theories without closed strings.

As in plot and setting, Tolkien brings his literary theories to bear in forming characters and their interactions.

In more extended theories it goes up to the level of different religious leaders setting aside their differences and accepting harmony, peace and understanding to unite all religions within one another, thereby forming a utopian religion or a religion of Humans with God any type of force that reigned before the birth of the universe.

The theories of independent creation ranged from the idea of a single man conceiving it, to the Hyksos people forming it from corrupt Egyptian.

In most of mathematics as it is practiced, the incompleteness and paradoxes of the underlying formal theories never played a role anyway, and in those branches in which they do or whose formalization attempts would run the risk of forming inconsistent theories ( such as logic and category theory ), they may be treated carefully.

In addition to Bailey's technical work in mathematics and computer science, Bailey has written articles on science and religion, emphasizing that the modern theories of geology, biology, physics, astronomy and cosmology must be taken seriously in forming a religious worldview.

Ludwig von Mises was influenced by several theories in forming his work on praxeology, including Immanuel Kant's works, Max Weber's work on methodological individualism, and Carl Menger's development of the subjective theory of value.

Since we could not express this statement without a truth-predicate along the lines of the those defined by deflationary theories, it is the role of the truth predicate in forming such generalizations that characterizes all that needs to be characterized about the concept of truth.

In Occitan literature the name Muhammed was corrupted as " Bafomet ", forming the basis for the legendary Baphomet, at different times an idol, a " sabbatic goat ", and key link in conspiracy theories.

While the specific trends associated with a given period are not always agreed on among all scientists due to the subjective nature of art, broad similarities and patterns can be formed which work to augment the archaeological study or prehistoric man by forming observations and theories on which other archaeologists can develop.

In February 2006, Donaldson was awarded the King Faisal International Prize for science for his work in pure mathematical theories linked to physics, which have helped in forming an understanding of the laws of matter at a subnuclear level.

In the late 19th century, Marxism and capitalism were slowly becoming the primary theories of Russian political thought, and Mikhaylovsky, realizing this shift in thought, began to tweak his original ideas of Narodnism, forming two groups of Narodniks: the Critical Narodniks and the Doctrinaire Narodniks.

Ever since birth we have been forming our own personal theories about the world and everything in it.

At 11: 00 PM, Kol Israel finally announced that the call-up had been just an exercise, but people in Israel and abroad began forming conspiracy theories.

Jean-Jacques Ampère, a successful merchant, was an admirer of the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose theories of education ( as outlined in his treatise Émile ) were the basis of Ampère ’ s education.

Some theories have been put forward that the anthropocentric belief in animism among early humans was the basis for the later evolution of religions.

Academic work in conspiracy theories and conspiracism ( a world view that places conspiracy theories centrally in the unfolding of history ) presents a range of hypotheses as a basis of studying the genre.

Many other neuroscientists, such as Christof Koch, have explored the neural basis of consciousness without attempting to frame all-encompassing global theories.

Consequentialism is the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness of that conduct.

Early twentieth-century experiments on the physics of very small-scale phenomena led to the discovery of phenomena which could not be predicted on the basis of classical physics, and to the development of new models ( theories ) that described and predicted very accurately these micro-scale phenomena.

To a lesser extent, historical theories continue to provide a basis for additional research.

Consequentialism refers to moral theories that hold that the consequences of a particular action form the basis for any valid moral judgment about that action ( or create a structure for judgment, see rule consequentialism ).

Although most of the relevant tissues and endocrine glands had been identified by early anatomists, a more humoral approach to understanding biological function and disease was favoured by the ancient Greek and Roman thinkers such as Aristotle, Hippocrates, Lucretius, Celsus, and Galen, according to Freeman et al., and these theories held sway until the advent of germ theory, physiology, and organ basis of pathology in the 19th century.

The basis of this argument is to establish that the creation-evolution controversy is essentially one of interpretation of evidence, without any overwhelming proof ( beyond current scientific theories ) on either side.

His fundamental theories on the etiology and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders form the basis of all major diagnostic systems in use today, especially the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV and the World Health Organization's ICD system.

Tenets from both theories were applied to biology and formed the basis of early evolutionary theory.

However, there is wide dispute whether Popper's description of " historicism " is an accurate description of Hegel, or more a reflection of his own philosophical antagonists, including Marxist-Leninist thought, then widely held as posing a challenge to the philosophical basis of the West, as well as theories such as Spengler's which drew predictions about the future course of events from the past.

The main distinction is between theories that argue the basis of just deserts is held equally by everyone, and therefore derive egalitarian accounts of distributive justice — and theories that argue the basis of just deserts is unequally distributed on the basis of, for instance, hard work, and therefore derive accounts of distributive justice by which some should have more than others.

Trotsky's ideas formed the basis of Trotskyism, a major school of Marxist thought that is opposed to the theories of Stalinism.

By about 1900 one finds managers trying to place their theories on what they regarded as a thoroughly scientific basis ( see scientism for perceived limitations of this belief ).

They are empty of being independently existent ; thus the heterodox theories of svabhāva circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism.

444 BC ), whose theories on human knowledge would provide a basis for many future rhetoricians.

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, John Maynard Keynes authored a book entitled The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money outlining the key theories of Keynesian economics.

Economists distinguish between various overlapping types of and theories of unemployment, including cyclical or Keynesian unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and classical unemployment.

This conflict between the neoclassical and Keynesian theories has had strong influence on government policy.

Wanniski has been credited with coining the term supply-side economics to distinguish it against the more dominant " demand-side " Keynesian and monetarist theories.

First, there are demand-driven theories, such as Keynesian economics and Institutional economists who argue that the recession was caused by underconsumption and over-investment ( thereby causing an economic bubble ).

The " Inquiry " was the first work to draw attention to the economic consequences of a budget surplus or deficit and its influence on the expansion or contraction of the economy, and was thus the basis of the later Keynesian economic theories which are now widely applied.

Modern Keynesian economics has largely superseded underconsumption theories.

Proponents of Keynesian economics and related theories often criticize tax rate cuts for the wealthy as being " trickle down ," arguing tax cuts directly targeting those with less income would be more economically stimulative.

These theories have been called new Keynesian economics.

" The only disagreement among economists is whether Burns fully understood the mistakes he was making, or was so wedded to incorrect Keynesian theories that he didn't realize what he was doing.