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The theory of the permanent arms economy was developed by T. N. Vance in a series published throughout 1951 in the ISL journal New International and was later refined by Cliff in the late 1950s and over the years by key International Socialist ( IS ) theoreticians such as Mike Kidron, Nigel Harris and Chris Harman in later years.
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theory and permanent
The cards of permanent out-migrants are, in theory, sent to an office in the place of new residence.
There is a Trotskyist theory of permanent arms economy, put forward by Michael Kidron, which leads on from the contention that war and accompanying industrialisation is a continuing feature of capitalist states and that central planning and other features of the war economy are ever present.
It includes Friedman's permanent income hypothesis view on consumption, the " rational expectations revolution " spearheaded by Robert Lucas, and real business cycle theory.
James Burnham's theory has been much discussed, but few people have yet considered its ideological implications ;— this is, the kind of world-view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that would probably prevail in a State which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of ' cold war ' with its neighbours.
During these years Trotsky began developing his theory of permanent revolution, which led to a close working relationship with Alexander Parvus in 1904 – 1907.
There he worked on fleshing out his theory of permanent revolution until October, when a nationwide strike made it possible for him to return to St. Petersburg.
Migration took several different forms, though might be divided in two varieties: permanent migration for resettlement, and relocation conceived by the party ( in theory at least ) as a temporary sojourn.
Economic norms theory links economic conditions with institutions of governance and conflict, distinguishing personal clientelist economies from impersonal market-oriented ones, identifying the latter with permanent peace within and between nations.
A widely accepted theory in classical studies is that the earliest temple structures were of wood and the great forms, or elements of architectural style, were codified and rather permanent by the time we see the Archaic emergent and established.
In this pamphlet, Bukharin explains and embraces Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution, writing: " The Russian proletariat is confronted more sharply than ever before with the problem of the international revolution … The grand total of relationships which have arisen in Europe leads to this inevitable conclusion.
" Yet it is common knowledge, Trotsky argues, that three years later, in 1926, " Bukharin was the chief and indeed the sole theoretician of the entire campaign against ' Trotskyism ', summed up in the struggle against the theory of the permanent revolution.
Trotsky advocated proletarian revolution as set out in his theory of " permanent revolution ", and believed that a workers ' state would not be able to hold out against the pressures of a hostile capitalist world unless socialist revolutions quickly took hold in other countries as well.
Trotsky was also denounced for his theory of permanent revolution which contradicted Stalin's position that socialism could be built in one country, Russia, without a worldwide revolution.
His great work, Erbrecht in weltgeschichtlicher Entwicklung ( 1824, 1825, 1829 and 1835 ), is of permanent value, not only for its extensive survey of facts, but for the admirable manner in which the general theory of the slow evolution of legal principles is presented.
Unlike the determinant, the permanent has no easy geometrical interpretation ; it is mainly used in combinatorics and in treating boson Green's functions in quantum field theory.
The opposition factions continued to support the theory of permanent revolution, and the Trotskyist label: they anticipated that the SWP leadership was reassessing its place in the Fourth International.
Part of his theory is the impossibility of ' socialism in one country ' – a view also held by Marx, but not integrated into his conception of permanent revolution.
This confirms the impression that Marx's theory of ' permanent revolution ' is not about revolution per se, rather more about the attitude that a revolutionary class should adopt in the period of their political subjection, including the programme of political demands they should propose.
If Marx is understood to be consistent about his emphasis on historical circumstance, it is unclear how the relevance of his theory of permanent revolution should be evaluated in times in which the social revolution is not expected to be imminent.
The uncertain relationship between international and national parameters in relation to class power underlies many of the disputes concerning the theory of the permanent revolution.
The duties which in theory belong to the Lord Steward, Treasurer and Comptroller of the Household are in practice performed by the Master of the Household, who is a permanent officer and resides in the palace.
James Burnham's theory has been much discussed, but few people have yet considered its ideological implications — that is, the kind of world-view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that would probably prevail in a state which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of " cold war " with its neighbors.
While maintaining Leon Trotsky's critique of the USSR, the party replaced Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution with the view that socialist revolution in Third World countries ( countries in which, according to Marxist theory, the development of capitalism has been distorted by colonialism and imperialism ) will take place in two connected stages.
theory and arms
This image has been used to acknowledge a previously disputed theory that the cross found in Valdemar Atterdag's coats of arms located in his Danælog seal ( Rettertingsseglet ) from 1356 is indeed the cross from the Danish flag.
The predominant theory regarding its formation is that the progenitor galaxy was a barred spiral galaxy whose arms had a velocity too great to keep its coherence and therefore detached.
A theory attributed to Pierre Barbet holds that, when the whole body weight was supported by the stretched arms, the typical cause of death was asphyxiation.
The Battle of Hastings is an example of the theory of combined arms.
He also promoted science and arts ; Maurice is also the traditional author of the military treatise Strategikon which is praised in military circles as the only sophisticated combined arms theory until World War II.
Today, the Strategikon is considered the first sophisticated formulation of combined arms theory.
According to this theory, the Swedish flag was created during the reign of King Charles Knutsson, who also introduced the Coat of arms of Sweden in 1442.
Another theory is that Scafhusun comes from Schaf ( a sheep ), as a ram ( now a sheep ) formed the ancient arms of the town, derived from those of its founders, the counts of Nellenburg.
Yet another interpretation suggested by Archbishop Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, who designed Pope Benedict XVI's tiara-less coat of arms, was " order, jurisdiction and magisterium ", while a further theory links the three tiers to the " celestial, human and terrestrial worlds ," which the pope is supposed to symbolically link.
This theory sparked a naval arms race between Germany and Great Britain in the first decade of the 20th century.
Nevertheless, in the 1950s his group distributed literature published by Shachtman's group and the theory of the ' permanent arms economy ' which was considered one of the pillars of what became the International Socialist Tendency originated with Shachtman's group though it is sometimes alleged that Cliff refused to acknowledge this publicly.
Besides Cliff's theory of state capitalism, and an adaptation of the idea of permanent arms economy, central to the ideology of the International Socialist tradition has been Cliff's theories on " Deflected Permanent Revolution ," and the social roots of reformism.
His main contribution was to develop the theory of the permanent arms economy, which argued that capitalism had been temporarily stabilized by the production of arms, which acted as a counter tendency to the falling rate of profit.
His theory of deep operations, where combined arms formations strike deep behind enemy lines to destroy the enemy's rear and logistics, were opposed by some in the military establishment, but were largely adopted by the Red Army in the mid-1930s.
Saaty has made contributions in the fields of operations research ( parametric linear programming, epidemics and the spread of biological agents, queuing theory, and behavioral mathematics as it relates to operations ), arms control and disarmament, and urban design.
British and Commonwealth armed forces keep their arms straight and swing the hand as high as the shoulder while forward and in theory to the level of the belt when backward.
All non-Muslims were in theory forbidden from carrying arms, but this was ignored.
Across the country, militants attacked churches, convents, and monasteries, killing priests and looking for arms, since the conspiracy theory maintained that the religious had guns, and this despite the fact that not a single serviceable weapon was located in the raids.
The theory stated that Waldemar Milewicz was killed because he shared a name with another Waldemar Milewicz, who was a member of the political cabinet of ministers of National Defence along with Romuald Sheremetev and Bronislaw Komorowski, and then a board member of Cenzinu, an arms trading company.
Evans has written extensively on international relations and legal, constitutional and political affairs, and has been internationally recognised for his contributions to the theory and practice of mass atrocity and conflict prevention, arms control and disarmament.
These recurring principles of behavior include balancing of power ( the theory was revised by Stephan Walt, modifying the " balance of power " concept to " balance of threat "), entering into individually sub-optimal arms races, and exercising restraint in proportion to relative power.
He found that intense concentration on the study of Einstein's relativity theory helped him control the pain in his arms mentally and physically.
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