Historically, land owners developed most roads and later Turnpike Trusts collected tolls so that as early as 1800 Ireland had a road network.

In some cases, such taxes are collected in fundamentally inefficient ways, for example highway tolls.

Situated in a strategic location between China and the trading networks of southeast Asia, the state served as an entrepot and collected tolls on water traffic.

Sanjar himself pensioned the hashashins on tax collected from the lands they owned, gifted them with grants and licenses, and even allowed them to collect tolls from travelers.

Companies were formed to build, improve, and maintain a particular section of roadway, and tolls were collected from users to finance the enterprise.

For one thousand years, from 800 AD to 1800 AD, tolls were collected from pancake ships sailing on the Rhine River in Europe.

During this time, various feudal lords, among them archbishops who held fiefs from the Holy Roman Emperor, collected tolls from passing cargo ships to bolster their finances.

While this decision process was made no less complex by being informal, common factors included the local power structure ( archbishops and nobles being the most likely recipients of a charter to collect tolls ), space between toll stations ( authorized toll stations seem to have been at least five kilometres apart ), and ability to be defended from attack ( some castles through which tolls were collected were tactically useful until the French invaded in 1689 and levelled them ).

In contrast, the men who came to be known as robber barons () violated the structure under which tolls were collected on the Rhine either by charging higher tolls than the standard or by operating without authority from the Holy Roman Emperor altogether.

Road investment recovery is mainly through tolls collected on bridges and roads, in accordance with laws mentioned above.

Historically, and sometimes today, tolls are collected as a type of tax for the use of the local government or lord.

Fees or tolls were traditionally collected by hand by toll gate workers at toll booths, toll houses, toll plazas, toll stations, toll bars or toll gates.

To cut cost and minimize time delay many tolls today are collected with some form of automatic or electronic toll collection utilizing some sort of electronic communication from a toll payer's transponder and the toll collection system.

The tolls are often prepaid or collected " automatically " from an affiliated credit card service.

Some tolls are collected to accumulate finances to build future capacity expansion and maintenance of roads, tunnels, bridges, etc.

By 1806, a portion of the new turnpike was opened and tolls were being collected on the new highway.

Because the river was maintained for drainage, some commercial traffic continued despite the railways, and tolls of £ 478 were collected on 11, 690 tons in 1888.

Most of the tolls were collected at Clayhithe.

During Prussia's government by the Teutonic Knights, they collected tolls on river traffic and imposed a monopoly on the amber trade.

Under his son, the tolls were £ 2, 367 in 1789, while his grandson collected £ 5, 159 in 1811.

** Toll plaza, a facility where tolls are collected, on modern toll roads, tunnels, and bridges

** Toll house, a place where road usage tolls are collected

The cost of constructing the new crossing was expected to be paid for by tolls collected from motorists using the two crossings.

In the 8th Circuit case of Treanor v. MCI Telecommunications, Inc., the court explained that the continuing violations doctrine " tolls freezes the statute of limitations in situations where a continuing pattern forms due to acts occurring over a period of time, as long as at least one incident … occurred within the limitations period ".

Cnut also gained concessions on the tolls his people had to pay on the way to Rome from other magnates of medieval Christendom, at the coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor.

Below is a list of the deadliest floods worldwide, showing events with death tolls at or above 100, 000 individuals.

Severe disruption is caused by the tolls, often adding an hour on to crossing times at rush hour.

It was at this time that the tolls were also removed.

Toll roads are at least 2700 years old, as tolls had to be paid by travellers using the Susa – Babylon highway under the regime of Ashurbanipal, who reigned in the seventh century BC.

A 14th century example ( though not for a road ) is Castle Loevestein in the Netherlands, which was built at a strategic point where 2 rivers meet, and charged tolls on boats sailing along the river.

Traditionally tolls were paid by hand to at a toll gate.

Three systems of toll roads exist: open ( with mainline barrier toll plazas ); closed ( with entry / exit tolls ) and open road ( no toll booths, only electronic toll collection gantries at entrances and exits, or at strategic locations on the mainline of the road ).

This reduces manpower at toll booths and increases traffic flow and fuel efficiency by reducing the need for complete stops to pay tolls at these locations.

It rendered £ 38 plus 4s 4d from 17 houses in London, 2s 3d from houses in Southwark and £ 1 from tolls at Putney.

Gates were installed at Kingsland and Stamford Hill to collect the tolls.

When St Olave's bridge needed to be rebuilt in 1847, he explained that although he owned it, he had let out the collection of tolls, and such matters were dealt with by the judges at Bury St Edmunds Assizes.

By 1858, the turnpike had basically begun to fold, with tolls only being charged at one gate for several years as most traffic had moved to rails rather than road.

The city grew rich at this time, thanks to trade and commercial exchanges, and also to the tolls charged to travelers for using the Pont Vieux.

Last but not least, havezates ( or castles ) arose in the area surrounding Ommen — especially at strategic points such as the banks of the Vecht ( the Arendshorst on the northern bank and Beerze on the southern bank ), the banks of the Regge ( most notably at Eerde ) or both banks (' t Laer ) — from which robber barons dominated the surrounding area and could levy tolls on river commerce in defiance of the authority of the bishop.

The 1937 treaty recognized the Iranian-Iraqi border as along the low-water mark on the eastern side of the Shatt al-Arab except at Abadan and Khorramshahr where the frontier ran along the thalweg ( the deep water line ) which gave Iraq control of almost the entire waterway ; provided that all ships using the Shatt al-Arab fly the Iraqi flag and have an Iraqi pilot, and required Iran to pay tolls to Iraq whenever its ships used the Shatt al-Arab.

The Act was superseded by a second one obtained in 1724, which allowed the river to be improved in stages, the work to be carried out at the contractor's expense, with the cost to be recouped from tolls.

There was little traffic and income from tolls was low, at just £ 488 per year between 1801 and 1804.