Two volcanoes form the island's most prominent topographic features: La Grille in the north, with an elevation of 1, 000 meters, is extinct and largely eroded ; Kartala in the south, rising to a height of 2, 361 meters, last erupted in 1977.

Two visualization methods were combined to produce the image: shading and colour coding of topographic height.

Color coding is directly related to topographic height, with green at the lower elevations, rising through yellow and tan, to white at the highest elevations.

Also, some sources quote Mount Michelson's height as 9, 239 ft, which would make it the highest point ; however, this is far above the 8, 855 foot figure given on the USGS Mount Michelson B-1 quadrangle topographic map, so it is unlikely to be correct.

The height above average terrain ( HAAT ) for a station is determined from topographic maps by averaging the elevation AMSL at points along several radials or radii.

It produces digital topographic map products which meet Interferometric Terrain Height Data ( ITHD )- 2 specifications ( 30 meter x 30 meter spatial sampling with 16 meter absolute vertical height accuracy, 10 meter relative vertical height accuracy and 20 meter absolute horizontal circular accuracy ).

The term " summit " is generally only used for a mountain peak with some significant amount of topographic prominence ( height above the lowest point en route to the nearest higher peak ) or topographic isolation ( distance from the nearest point of higher elevation ); for example, a boulder next to the main summit of a mountain is not considered a summit.

The great height of Cerro Chirripó relative to its surroundings is also evidenced by its particularly high topographic prominence of, which makes it the 38th most prominent peak in the world.

The horizontal distance between main peak and top, the difference in height, the topographic prominence of the top, as well as the general topography, all come into consideration.

The portions surrounding Sarandib Planitia were characterized as sinuous " mountainous ridges " 1-1. 5 km in height, and lying within relative topographic lows.

Using Voyager 2 images, Kargel and Pozio ( 1996 ) characterized Harran Sulci as consisting of sinuous " mountainous ridges " 1-1. 5 km in height, and lying within relative topographic lows.

Jessica Sousa, Kinematic analysis of mylonitic rocks, southern Ruby Mountains, SW Montana: Evidence for Proterozoic orogenic crustal thickening and topographic collapse.

When referring to geographic features such as mountains on a topographic map, variations in elevation are shown by contour lines.

Add-ons also include extensive space objects such as red and blue supergiants, red and brown dwarfs, neutron stars, spinning pulsars, rotating black holes with accretion disks, protostars, star nursery nebula, supernova and planetary nebula, galactic redshifts, geological planetary displays ( e. g. 3-D interiors, topographic and bathymetric maps, ice age simulations ), planetary aurorae, rotating magnetic fields, animated solar flares and prominences, 3-D craters and mountains, and historic collision events.

Thus the topographic map's mountains have the greatest values while the bathymetric chart's greatest depths have the greatest values.

The Glockner is the highest mountain in the Alps east of the Ortler Alps, 175 km away, and, after Mont Blanc, has the second greatest topographic isolation of all mountains in the Alps.

Many lists of mountains take topographic prominence as a criterion for inclusion, or cutoff.

A topographic map in the Atlas of Oregon shows the Calapooya Mountains curving northwest from near Potter, McGowan, and Balm mountains past Bohemia Mountain to Holland Point, south of Oakridge.

The eastern end of the mountains offers of topographic relief in a region otherwise dominated by gently rolling grasslands.

Named by US-ACAN for Conrad G. Merrick, USGS topographic engineer with the Antarctic Peninsula Traverse Party, 1961 – 1962, who participated in the survey of these mountains.

These topographic aberrations, which include a variety of environments such as rugged mountains, high plateaus, low valleys and tropical forests, as well as the country's large size, had a negative effect on national transportation, making communication difficult between elevated and low cities along with isolated tropical towns.

Complex-crater morphology on rocky planets appears to follow a regular sequence with increasing size: small complex craters with a central topographic peak are called central peak craters, for example Tycho ; intermediate-sized craters, in which the central peak is replaced by a ring of peaks, are called peak-ring craters, for example Schrödinger ; and the largest craters contain multiple concentric topographic rings, and are called multi-ringed basins, for example Orientale.

A topographic map is primarily concerned with the topographic description of a place, including ( especially in the 20th and 21st centuries ) the use of contour lines showing elevation.

where R is the rainfall erosivity factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, L and S are topographic factors representing length and slope, and C and P are cropping management factors.

Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of topographic gradients, causing material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded by hillslopes and channels.

The second is that the pre-Galfridian Arthur was a figure of folklore ( particularly topographic or onomastic folklore ) and localised magical wonder-tales, the leader of a band of superhuman heroes who live in the wilds of the landscape.

The abiotic conditions here are similar to those found along the Escarpment ; however the topographic complexity is reduced.

The land area is composed of varying topographic features: valleys and desert account for 82 percent of the land mass ; mountain ranges, 15 percent ; and the coastal plain, 3 percent.

It must be added that his original topographic list cannot be reconstructed: the long tables with numbers were transmitted to posterity through copies containing many scribal errors, and people have always been adding or improving the topographic data: this is a testimony to the persistent popularity of this influential work in the history of cartography.

However, strong topographic contrast is produced by collecting back-scattered electrons from one side above the specimen using an asymmetrical, directional BSE detector ; the resulting contrast appears as illumination of the topography from that side.

Ślęża is listed as one of the numerous Pre-Indo-European topographic names in the region ( see old European hydronymy ).

The use of rifles is often banned for safety reasons in areas with high population densities or limited topographic relief.

This topographic relief is the greatest elevation gradient in the contiguous United States and is the terminus point of the Great Basin's southwestern drainage.

The organization of sensory maps in the cortex reflects that of the corresponding sensing organ, in what is known as a topographic map.

This topographic map is called a retinotopic map.

While the use of sea-level as a datum is useful for geologically recent topographic features, sea level has not stayed constant throughout geological time, so is less useful when measuring very long-term processes.

Finally, uplift and erosion related to epeirogenesis ( large-scale vertical motions of portions of continents without much associated folding, metamorphism, or deformation ) can create local topographic highs.

It lies off the main topographic buldge, but is clearly related to the volcanic processes that formed Tharsis.

Earth-based radar surveys made it possible to identify some topographic patterns related to craters, and the Venera 15 and Venera 16 probes identified almost 150 such features of probable impact origin.

In principle, each federal state ( Bundesland ) is in charge of producing the official topographic maps.

Technically, this surgical principle permits laying the scars in the topographic transition zone ( s ) between and among adjacent aesthetic subunits, which avoids juxtaposing two different types of skin in the same aesthetic subunit, where the differences of color and texture might prove too noticeable, even when reconstructing a nose with skin flaps.