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The torque developed by the action of the linear motion of the piston depends on the angle that the driving rod makes with the tangent of the radius on the driving wheel .< ref group =" note "> The relationship is simply: Torque = Force < sub > piston </ sub > x R ( the radial distance to the point of connection of the driving rod ) x cos ( A ), where A is the angle the driving rod makes with the tangent to the radius from wheel centre to driving rod attachment </ ref > For a more useful value an average value over the rotation of the wheel is used.
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torque and developed
In 1882 Jacques-Arsène d ' Arsonval and Marcel Deprez developed a form with a stationary permanent magnet and a moving coil of wire, suspended by fine wires which provided both an electrical connection to the coil and the restoring torque to return to the zero position.
As of March 1943, the car received a revised dash and the bigger 1, 131 cc engine developed for the Schwimmwagen that produced more torque and power than the original 985 cc unit.
The engine developed its maximum torque at low revs and was soon famed for its pulling power, reliability and economy.
The R32 developed and of torque, it had a curb weight of 1, 430 kg ( 3, 146 lbs ).
Two second-generation techniques are currently in development: Thermal Assisted Switching ( TAS ), which is being developed by Crocus Technology, and spin-transfer torque ( STT ) on which Crocus, Hynix, IBM, and several other companies are working.
The engine developed a maximum power output of DIN ( against 210 PS on the earlier uncatalysed version ) and maximum torque of 32 kgf · m ( 314 N · m ) ( formerly 31 kgf · m or 300 N · m ).
* February – Tohoku University and Hitachi developed a prototype 2 Mbit Non-Volatile RAM Chip employing spin-transfer torque switching.
BMW, working with Robert Bosch GmbH and Continental Automotive Systems, developed a system to reduce engine torque to prevent loss of control and applied it to the entire BMW model line for 1992.
This allowed more power to be developed without compromising low-speed torque and flexibility.
Franz worked as a design engineer at a company in Berlin, where he developed hydraulic torque converters.
All production Talladegas were actually equipped with the new Ford 428 Cobra Jet, which, while very powerful and reliable, was intended as a street engine for Ford's muscle cars, as it developed high torque at low RPMs, rather than being a high reving race engine.
Y10 Touring: Driven by a motor of 1049 cc, with a maximum power of 56 hp at 5, 850 r / min and maximum torque of 81. 4 N m at 3, 000 r / min, developed from four-cylinder SOHC, produced in Brazil, that equipped the Fiat 127.
It developed of torque at 3000 rpm and at 5000 rpm.
The 1960s Austin Mini / Austin 1100 compact and innovative automatic gearbox, developed by Automotive Products ( with a conventional epicyclic / torque converter coupling ) was much less efficient at transmitting drive.
The CL 600 powered by the M120 48-valve twelve cylinder engine, developed and of torque, and as is typical of Mercedes twelves, was absolutely quiet and incredibly smooth.
Featuring electronically controlled throttle-body fuel injection, it developed a peak power output of and of torque at 1400 rpm, and was coupled to a new electronically controlled four-speed automatic gearbox, developed by ZF Friedrichshafen.
The TL16L had a compression ratio of 8. 2: 1 and developed of power and of torque depending on the carburettor and application.
Although the compression ratio was raised to 9. 5: 1, the power figures didn't differ much from the earlier TL16H version — the engine developed of power and of torque.
The theory behind this sort of arrangement is that maximum brake mean effective pressure is developed at relatively low engine speeds, resulting in an engine with a broad torque curve.
Those power and torque outputs-and overall performance-were down on equivalent FWD Magna ’ s due to the space requirements ( with a revised firewall developed in Australia by ROH ) and restrictions placed on the Sports free flowing exhaust system, and the extra weight of the AWD driveline components ( up to depending on model and equipment levels ).
The 3. 5-Litre SOHC, 24-valve V6 engine developed of power at 5250 rpmand of torque at 4000 rpmon Magna ES, LS, Verada Ei and Verada Xi models.
In the past, Mazda had developed variable length telescopic intake runners to optimize engine power and torque for varying rpms.
In standard form, the engine developed and torque.
torque and by
The torque caused by the two opposing forces F < sub > g </ sub > and-F < sub > g </ sub > causes a change in the angular momentum L in the direction of that torque ( since torque is the time derivative of angular momentum ).
Thus, the total applied torque about the origin is given by
The torque was greatly enhanced by the resonant coupling of the incident light to plasmonic waves in the gold structure.
Its name comes from the information path in the system: process inputs ( e. g., voltage applied to an electric motor ) have an effect on the process outputs ( e. g., speed or torque of the motor ), which is measured with sensors and processed by the controller ; the result ( the control signal ) is " fed back " as input to the process, closing the loop.
* Work out () is done by the working fluid expanding on to the piston ( this produces usable torque )
In most cases the work is produced by exerting a torque or linear force, which is used to operate other machinery which can generate electricity, pump water, or compress gas.
The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with the differential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1927, which in turn built on the mechanical integrators invented in 1876 by James Thomson and the torque amplifiers invented by H. W. Nieman.
In the classical description, this alignment can be understood to occur due to a torque being provided on the magnetic moments by an applied field, which tries to align the dipoles parallel to the applied field.
In the case of a toy top, if the axis is not perfectly vertical, the torque is applied by the force of gravity tending to tip it over.
The result is that the torque exerted by gravity-via the pitching motion-elicits gyroscopic precession ( which in turn yields a counter torque against the gravity torque ) rather than causing the spinning top to fall to its side.
The torque caused by the two opposing forces F < sub > g </ sub > and-F < sub > g </ sub > causes a change in the angular momentum L in the direction of that torque.
Precession is the result of the angular velocity of rotation and the angular velocity produced by the torque.
In steam engines the point in the piston cycle at which the steam inlet valve closes is called the cutoff and this can often be controlled to adjust the torque supplied by the engine and improve efficiency.
All else being equal, engines with greater capacities are more powerful and provide greater torque at lower speed ( rpm ) and consumption of fuel increases accordingly, although power and fuel consumption are affected by many factors outside of engine displacement.
The transmission again compensates by sending torque to the front wheels for better steering control and braking performance.
Then by the law of moment of momentum, the torque on the fluid is given by:
This article follows US physics terminology by using the word torque.
torque and action
This action builds up torque, and stretches the muscles, creating an involuntary elasticity in the muscles, providing extra power and momentum.
As with any twin cylinder engine, they have an imbalanced firing action which causes vibration and inline-twins also suffer further from torsional torque reactions and vibration.
When tested with the wheels off the ground with torque applied to one wheel it will lock, but it is still possible for the differential action to occur in use, albeit with considerable frictional losses, and with the road loads at each wheel in opposite directions rather than the same ( acting with a " locking and releasing " action rather than a distributed torque ).
This additional torque required at the tank lever is due to the fact that a user must forcefully lift a certain amount of water up into the siphon passageway in order to initiate the siphon action in the tank.
* Commutation, the action of applying currents or voltages to the proper electrical motor phases so as to produce optimum motor torque at a motor's shaft.
In the Delta HF 4X4, Lancia opted for a four-wheel drive system with an in-built torque-splitting action to ensure that the available power was going to the wheels with the most traction at any given time, thus ensuring the most efficient use of the available power and torque.
During the night, the Solar Max POCC, at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, was able to establish control over the satellite by sending commands ordering the magnetic torque bars to stabilize the tumbling action.
It is useful to note that the point of application R of the resultant force may be anywhere along the line of action of F without changing the value of the associated torque.
This action causes a substantial increase in the mass of fluid being directed to the turbine, producing an increase in output torque.
During the stall and acceleration phases, in which torque multiplication occurs, the stator remains stationary due to the action of its one-way clutch.
Dubbed Honda Multi Matic, this CVT gearbox accepted higher torque than traditional pulley CVTs, and also includes a torque converter for " creep " action.
This was left entirely to the driver and as a result could be accelerated from rest in top gear if desired, depending entirely on the torque converter action.
Due to the twisting or cam action of the socket, most of the torque is applied at or near the corners of the nut or bolt.
The V-groove transmits torque through a wedging action, thus increasing friction.
The belt also tends to wedge into the groove as the load increases — the greater the load, the greater the wedging action — improving torque transmission and making the V-belt an effective solution, needing less width and tension than flat belts.
This tendency can be resisted by giving a twist to the torsion head and so applying to the movable coil through the spring a restoring torque, which opposes the torque due to the dynamic action of the currents.
When the unit rotates in one direction the rollers slip or free-wheel, but when a torque is applied in the opposite direction, the rollers tilt slightly, producing a wedging action and binding because of friction.
Different shank and chuck combination can deliver improved performance, such as allowing higher torque, greater centering accuracy, or moving the bit, but not the chuck, with a hammer action.
With the barrel clamped in a barrel vice, the barrel is removed from the action, and another one screwed into the action and tightened in place with a torque wrench.
0.582 seconds.