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The tradition of tracing Chinese political history from heroic early emperors to the Xia to succeeding dynasties comes from the idea of the Mandate of Heaven, in which only one legitimate dynasty can exist at any given time, and was promoted by the Confucian school in the Eastern Zhou period, later becoming the basic position of imperial historiography and ideology.
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tradition and tracing
Jessica Rawson has recently extended the analysis to cover Chinese art, which Riegl did not cover, tracing many elements of Chinese decoration back to the same tradition ; the shared background helping to make the assimilation of Chinese motifs into Persian art after the Mongol invasion harmonious and productive.
It is possible that Snorri's account is based on an old tradition tracing particular beliefs or foundations of particular cults to this legendary Gylfi.
As with many similar tunes arising from an oral and folk tradition in this period and milieu, precisely tracing authorship is problematic.
There was an alternative, more direct, tradition in British portraiture to that of Lely and Kneller, tracing back to William Dobson and the German or Dutch Gerard Soest, who trained John Riley, to whom only a few works are firmly attributed and who in turn trained Jonathan Richardson, a fine artist who trained Thomas Hudson who trained Joshua Reynolds and Joseph Wright of Derby.
Since that time, those groups tracing their lines of initiation back to a member of the original group and who share certain forms of liturgy consider themselves part of the NROOGD tradition.
In the early days of television, black actors were often cast in stereotypical roles, often as comic clowns in a tradition tracing back to the genre of black minstrelsy popular in the early 20th century.
Jessica Rawson has recently extended the analysis to cover Chinese art, which Riegl did not cover, tracing many elements of Chinese decoration back to the same tradition ; the shared background helping to make the assimilation of Chinese motifs into Persian art after the Mongol invasion harmonious and productive.
In England, military tradition was carried on in regimental lines, with each regiment tracing its own history back.
This tradition no doubt began in the early medieval period under Chinese influence that is now beyond tracing except in the most general terms, but from the period of the earliest surviving works had developed into a specifically Japanese tradition that lasted until the modern period.
tradition and Chinese
She illustrates the interplay between Chinese and English cinema tradition but ultimately suggests that Jen, as the " woman warrior " of the film, overthrows the European patriarchal tradition.
Confucius's principles had a basis in common Chinese tradition and belief.
The Chinese have a tradition of holding spectacular memorial ceremonies of Confucius () every year, using ceremonies that supposedly derived from Zhou Li () as recorded by Confucius, on the date of Confucius ' birth.
As it is now considered a veneration of Chinese history and tradition, even Communist Party members may be found in attendance.
Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) (: " Chinese medicine ") is a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2, 000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage ( Tui na ), exercise ( qigong ), and dietary therapy.
Some varieties, such as Shou Mian ( 寿面, literally noodles of longevity ), are symbolic of long life and good health according to Chinese tradition.
Tibetans also had a tradition of cavalry warfare, in several military engagements early on with the Chinese Tang Dynasty ( 618 – 907 AD ), including Emperor Taizong's campaign against Tufan in 638.
Further east, the military history of China, specifically northern China, held a long tradition of intense military exchange between Han Chinese infantry forces of the settled dynastic empires and the mounted nomads or " barbarians " of the north.
The adoption of massed cavalry in China also broke the tradition of the chariot-riding Chinese aristocracy in battle, which had been in use since the ancient Shang Dynasty ( c. 1600 BC-1050 BC ).
In honor of tradition, Chinese families waited a number of years before officially naming their offspring.
Zizhi Tongjian changed a tradition dating back almost 1, 000 years to the Shiji ; standard Chinese dynastic histories ( collectively the Twenty-Four Histories ) primarily divided chapters between annals ( 紀 ) of rulers and biographies ( 傳 ) of officials.
The Chinese tradition since the Jin Dynasty ( 3rd century AD ) that emperors of one dynasty would sponsor the writing of the official history of the immediately preceding dynasty has been cited in favor of an ethnically inclusive interpretation of history.
Two philosophical underpinnings of love exist in the Chinese tradition, one from Confucianism which emphasized actions and duty while the other came from Mohism which championed a universal love.
* Within Chinese tradition: " external " vs. " internal " styles
Tengri may have been synonymous with Tian in Chinese traditions as well as a possible fore-runner to pre-Buddhist Tibetan Bön, also having their tradition root from Siberia, once sect ranging from monotheism, again branches off into animism, causing an ill-defined complex systematized religion.
Another tradition that influenced Beijing cuisine ( as well as influenced by the latter itself ) is the Chinese imperial cuisine that originated from the " Emperor's Kitchen " (), which referred to the cooking facilities inside the Forbidden City, where thousands of cooks from different parts of China showed their best culinary skills to please the imperial family and officials.
Nasreddin often appears as a whimsical character of a large Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Italian, Judeo-Spanish, Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Romanian, Serbian, Russian, Turkish and Urdu folk tradition of vignettes, not entirely different from zen koans.
The tradition of representing nature as it is became one of the aims of Chinese painting and was a significant influence in Asian art.
In Hong Kong the practice follows the Chinese tradition, and the counter of the shop is typically higher than the average person for security.
The creation of Taichuli was regarded as a revolution in the Chinese calendar tradition, as it stated that there were 365. 25 days in a year and 29. 53 days in a month.
She was born in Hongkou District, Shanghai, China, on March 5, 1898, though some biographies give the year as 1897, since Chinese tradition considers one to be a year old at birth.
Taoism has had profound influence on Chinese culture in the course of the centuries, and clerics of institutionalised Taoism () usually take care to note distinction between their ritual tradition and the customs and practices found in Chinese folk religion as these distinctions sometimes appear blurred.
tradition and political
Some historians have found his point of view not to their taste, others have complained that he makes the Tory tradition appear `` contemptible rather than intelligible '', while a sympathetic critic has remarked that the `` intricate interplay of social dynamics and political activity of which, at times, politicians are the ignorant marionettes is not a field for the exercise of his talents ''.
" Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindications and their political tradition ".
The Cayman Islands ' political system is very stable, bolstered by a tradition of restrained civil governance with the United Kingdom.
The shared Spanish language, Catholic faith, close contact with their political homeland ( Mexico ) to the south, a history of labor segregation, ethnic exclusion and racial discrimination encourage a united Chicano or Mexican folkloric tradition in the United States.
Traditionalist conservatism is a political philosophy emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order, tradition, hierarchy and organic unity, agrarianism, classicism and high culture, and the intersecting spheres of loyalty.
Although Equatorial Guinea lacks a well-established democratic tradition comparable to the developed democracies of the West, it has progressed toward developing a participatory political system out of the anarchic, chaotic, and repressive conditions of the Macias years.
This combined with the introduction of modern democracy into Eritrea by the British administration gave Eritreans a desire for political freedoms alien to Ethiopian political tradition.
Estimé's election represented a break with Haiti's political tradition.
The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval Natural law tradition that became prominent during the Enlightenment with such philosophers as John Locke, Francis Hutcheson, and Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, and featured prominently in the political discourse of the American Revolution and the French Revolution.
In Turkey, there is a strong Islamist tradition among political parties.
As was the tradition of the day and age in American presidential politics, neither candidate personally campaigned, but their political followers organized many campaign events.
Published in 1762, it became one of the most influential works of political philosophy in the Western tradition.
Historians in the " Whiggish " tradition, focusing on documents such as the Domesday Book and Magna Carta, trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England over the medieval period.
One tradition has it that political preeminence went to the Sabahs as part of an explicit agreement in 1716, the heads of the al-Khalifa, al-Sabah, and al-Jalahima agreed to give the Sabahs preeminence in government and military affairs, subject to consultation, while the Khalifas controlled local commerce and the Jalahima maritime affairs.
Although the political structure in western Europe had changed, the divide is not as extensive as some historians have claimed., they were only made possible because of the long medieval tradition that established the use of reason as one of the most important of human activities ".
Where it exists, it now often takes the form of constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role, but exercises limited or no political power pursuant to a constitution or tradition which allocates governing authority elsewhere.
Although they reign under constitutions, the monarchs of Brunei, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations, either by constitutional mandate or by tradition.
The beginning of the 20th century marked the first time a movement in the arts was described as " avant-garde "— a term previously used in military and political contexts, which remained to describe movements which identify themselves as attempting to overthrow some aspect of tradition or the status quo.
The lack of access to the foreign media and the tradition of secrecy in North Korea means that there is little news about political conditions, but Amnesty International's 2003 report on North Korea says that " there were reports of severe repression of people involved in public and private religious activities, including imprisonment, torture and executions.
The British polemicist Thomas Gordon " incorporated Cicero into the radical ideological tradition that travelled from the mother country to the colonies in the course of the eighteenth century and decisively shaped early American political culture.
The relatively recent name of " Muscat and Oman " ( which was abolished in 1970 in favor of " Sultanate of Oman "), implies two historically irreconcilable political cultures: the coastal tradition, the more cosmopolitan, secular, Muscat tradition of the coast ruled by the sultan ; and the interior tradition of insularity, tribal in origin and ruled by an imam according to the ideological tenets of Ibadism.
The more cosmopolitan has been the ascending political culture since the founding of the Al Said dynasty in 1744, although the imamate tradition has found intermittent expression.
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