Ward Christensen coined the term " Bulletin Board System " as a reference to the traditional cork-and-pin bulletin board often found in entrances of supermarkets, schools, libraries or other public areas where people can post messages, advertisements, or community news.

For instance, relatively new biostatistics departments have been founded with a focus on bioinformatics and computational biology, whereas older departments, typically affiliated with schools of public health, will have more traditional lines of research involving epidemiological studies and clinical trials as well as bioinformatics.

An important initiative begun in 1981 and carried on until today, aimed at modernizing the use of Information and Communication technology, greatly contributed to disentangle the traditional bureaucratic and cumbersome clerical procedures in all dealings with branches of the government, from civil registry to import / export documentation, thereby fostering a more agile economy and a more efficient public administration.

They were constituted as the conservators of public morality ; they were not simply to prevent crime or particular acts of immorality, but rather to maintain the traditional Roman character, ethics, and habits ( mos majorum )— regimen morum also encompassed this protection of traditional ways, which was called in the times of the empire cura (" supervision ") or praefectura (" command ").

Social conservatives ( in the first meaning of the word ) in many countries generally favor the pro-life position in the abortion controversy and oppose human embryonic stem cell research ( particularly if publicly funded ); oppose both eugenics and human enhancement ( transhumanism ) while supporting bioconservatism ; support a traditional definition of marriage as being one man and one woman ; view the nuclear family model as society's foundational unit ; oppose expansion of civil marriage and child adoption rights to couples in same-sex relationships ; promote public morality and traditional family values ; oppose atheism, especially militant atheism, secularism and the separation of church and state ; support the prohibition of drugs, prostitution, and euthanasia ; and support the censorship of pornography and what they consider to be obscenity or indecency.

When creating the murals Alston was inspired by the work of Aaron Douglas, who a year earlier had created the public art piece Aspects of Negro Life for the New York Public Library, and researched traditional African culture, including traditional African medicine.

In public statements, Young claimed the alphabet was intended to replace the traditional Latin alphabet with an alternative, more phonetically accurate alphabet for the English language.

Foreign religions were tolerated insofar as they did not interfere with public order, or could be assimilated with the traditional Roman religion.

Twenty-six percent of Milwaukee students will receive public funding to attend schools outside the traditional Milwaukee Public School system.

These included resentment of royal absolutism ; resentment by peasants, laborers and the bourgeoisie toward the traditional seigneurial privileges possessed by the nobility ; resentment of the Church's influence over public policy and institutions ; aspirations for freedom of religion ; resentment of aristocratic bishops by the poorer rural clergy ; aspirations for social, political and economic equality, and ( especially as the Revolution progressed ) republicanism ; hatred of Queen Marie-Antoinette, who was falsely accused of being a spendthrift and an Austrian spy ; and anger toward the King for firing finance minister Jacques Necker, among others, who were popularly seen as representatives of the people.

* They are not designed for public performance or the stage, although traditional folkdances may be later arranged and set for stage performances.

Haiti's economic stagnation results from earlier inappropriate economic policies, political instability, a shortage of good arable land, environmental deterioration, continued use of traditional technologies, under-capitalization and lack of public investment in human resources, migration of large portions of the skilled population, and a weak national savings rate.

The traditional accounts of his biography describe the beginnings of his life as a public teacher and leader of the Jewish people from his 36th birthday.

The original functions of an inn are now usually split among separate establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, all of which might provide the traditional functions of an inn but which focus more on lodging customers than on other services ; public houses, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments ; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink.

Pei was surprised by public resistance to his traditional design of the hotel at Fragrant Hills.

Integrated Services Digital Network ( ISDN ) is a set of communications standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.

Professional sumo wrestlers are often seen in the kimono because they are required to wear traditional Japanese dress whenever appearing in public.

Most women in the U. S. found it necessary to marry, to a " front " such as a gay man where both could pursue homosexual relationships with public discretion, or to a man who expected a traditional wife.

May Day on May 1 is an ancient Northern Hemisphere spring festival and usually a public holiday ; it is also a traditional spring holiday in many cultures.

In contrast to this traditional classification, some academic departments organize scholarship into thematic categories, including political philosophy, political behavior ( including public opinion, collective action, and identity ), and political institutions ( including legislatures and international organizations ).

Reconstructionist Judaism also allowed women to perform other traditional male tasks, such as serving as witnesses, leading services, public Torah reading, and wearing ritual prayer garments like kippot and tallitot.

Another problem is that Dutton's categories seek to universalise traditional European notions of aesthetics and art forgetting that, as André Malraux and others have pointed out, there have been large numbers of cultures in which such ideas ( including the idea " art " itself ) were non-existent.

Andrew Gronholdt of the Shumagin Islands played a vital role in reviving the ancient art of building the chaguda-x or traditional bentwood hats.

In his lectures at the Collège de France, Foucault often defines governmentality as the broad art of " governing ," which goes beyond the traditional conception of governance in terms of state mandates, and into other realms such as governing " a household, souls, children, a province, a convent, a religious order, a family ".

Disillusioned with the traditional art taught at art schools, in 1862 Monet became a student of Charles Gleyre in Paris, where he met Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Frédéric Bazille and Alfred Sisley.

The film examines traditional African art such as sculptures and masks, and its decline with coming of Western colonialism.

The clash of Henri and William Merritt Chase ( representing Beaux and the traditional art establishment ) resulted in 1907 in the independent exhibition by the urban realists known as " The Eight " or the Ashcan School.

Where art was concerned with traditional aesthetics, Dada ignored aesthetics.

More participatory or traditional activities, or those involving relatively static presentations, such as celebrating holidays, playing games, reading, making arts and crafts or viewing works of art, are not generally considered entertainment, but rather as pastimes, for entertainment generally requires that the supplier of the show is visible to the viewer, with the exception of video games.

At one point, however, Munch's father, perhaps swayed by the negative opinion of Munch's cousin Edvard Diriks ( an established, traditional painter ), destroyed at least one painting ( likely a nude ) and refused to advance any more money for art supplies.

Research by Deirdre Barrett reports that people differ radically in the vividness, as well as frequency of fantasy, and that those who have the most elaborately developed fantasy life are often the people who make productive use of their imaginations in art, literature, or by being especially creative and innovative in more traditional professions.

Objects made out of glass include not only traditional objects such as vessels ( bowls, vases, bottles, and other containers ), paperweights, marbles, beads, but an endless range of sculpture and installation art as well.

Visual arts include works which are primarily visual in nature using anything from traditional media, to photography or computer generated art.

However, traditional tools such as pencils or markers are useful even when computers are used for finalization ; a designer or art director may hand sketch numerous concepts as part of the creative process.

From that time icons began to be painted not only in the traditional stylized and nonrealistic mode, but also in a mixture of Russian stylization and Western European realism, and in a Western European manner very much like that of Catholic religious art of the time.

Present-day imagery within Roman Catholicism varies in style from traditional to modern, and is affected by trends in the art world in general.

* After the Second Vatican Council in the late twentieth century, some Roman Catholic parish churches discarded much of their traditional imagery, art, and architecture.

Historically, kickboxing can be considered a hybrid martial art formed from the combination of elements of various traditional styles.

** Burmese Lethwei, a traditional Burmese martial art of which has now grown into a popular kickboxing event with strong emphasis on knee, elbow strikes and headbutt.

* Kabuki 21 — All about Japan's traditional Theatre Art of Kabuki: The art, the plays, the great stars of today, the legends of the past, the theaters, the history, the glossary, the traditions, the heroes and the derivatives.

, meaning " Way of The Sword ", is a modern Japanese martial art of sword-fighting based on traditional swordsmanship ( kenjutsu ) which originated with the samurai class of feudal Japan.