The “ perennialist ” or “ traditionalist ” school is represented by authors like the French René Guénon ( 1886 – 1951 ), the Indian Ananda Coomaraswamy ( 1877 – 1947 ), the Swiss Frithjof Schuon ( 1907 – 1998 ), the Italian Julius Evola ( 1898 – 1974 ), the Iranian Seyyed Hossein Nasr ( born in 1933 ), both scholars and esotericists.

The traditionalist school of scholarship resorts to official imperial records and colloquial history works and analyzes the different dynasties ' rises and falls using a Confucian philosophy, albeit modified by an institutional administration perspective.

Some traditionalist employers, common in smaller, single-operated business, take a " last in, first out " ( LIFO ) perspective, meaning those that have been there longest, or tenure employees have the right to stay, whereas others take a " first in, first out " ( FIFO ) or " inverse seniority " viewpoint, which tends to emphasize a new or " fresh start " for the company.

Naturally, through the work and influence of important traditionalist authors like, again, Guénon himself, who married and had children in Egypt, Ananda Coomaraswamy, Martin Lings, Gai Eaton and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, all closely related to native Hindu, Buddhist or Muslim believers, this perspective has been gaining ground in Asia and the Islamic world at large.

Where he once denounced liberalism from a radical left perspective, in this later phase he did so as a traditionalist conservative.

More recently, scholars have questioned the traditionalist perspective first set in place by Hammond, highlighting several inconsistencies.

Sedevancantists and certain other traditionalist Catholics believe that the Great Apostasy began at the time of the Second Vatican Council, or with the election of Pope John XXIII, or shortly thereafter.

It began in October 1902 with a supplementary prayer meeting, an adjunct to the then Orthodox and Reform synagogues, with the intention of using more English in services, men and women sitting freely together, the use of organ music, and a more inclusive form of worship which would prove attractive to members of British Jewry who felt uninvolved or out of sympathy with existing traditionalist patterns of worship.

While the New Guard began as a relatively peaceful outfit that used lawful means to advance its objectives, its platform was immediately popular with many First World War officers and veterans as well as others with traditionalist beliefs and attitudes.

Frustrated by the perceived dominance of the more traditionalist voices at JTS, Kaplan's followers decided that the ideas of Reconstructionism would be better served through the creation of a separate denomination.

Individual rabbis continue to be free to avail themselves of more traditionalist minority rulings, and some congregations, particularly in Canada, accordingly still retain a more limited ritual role for women.

* " the whole body of thought which seeks to invest society with Islam which may be integrationist, but may also be traditionalist, reform-minded or even revolutionary ",

An " S ", by contrast, is assumed to be guided more by the judgment / perception axis, and thus divided into the " SJ " ( guardian, traditionalist ) or " SP " ( performer, artisan ) temperament.

For example, the term " traditionalist Catholic " refers to those, such as Archbishop Lefebvre, who want the worship and practices of the church to be as they were before the Second Vatican Council of 1962 – 65.

Traditional Islam views the world as bipartite, consisting of the House of Islam, that is, where people live under the Islamic law-the Shariah-and the House of War, that is, where the people do not live under Islamic law, which must be proselytized ( see da ' wah ) using whatever resources available, including, in some traditionalist and conservative interpretations, the use of violence, as holy struggle in the path of Allah, to either convert its inhabitants to Islam, or to rule them under the Shariah ( cf.

Foglar, being a very traditional writer in his style and traditionalist person in his lifestyle, was not interested in any modern ideas and was far from regarding himself to be gay.

In this sense, the novel can be viewed as thoroughly orthodox and traditionalist in its attitude to Jesus's role as redeemer.

While it was pushed by the government of Prime Minister Lionel Jospin in 1998, it was also opposed, mostly by people on the right-wing who support traditionalist family values and who argued that PACS and the recognition of homosexual unions would be disastrous for French society.

A proportion of their methods and theology are held by some to be conflicting with Christian doctrine taught in long existing traditionalist congregations.

That said, Rav Kook's willingness to engage in joint-projects ( for instance, his participation in the Chief Rabbinate ) with the secular Zionist leadership must be seen as differentiating him from many of his traditionalist peers.

The Adat, or traditionalist, position was that local custom that pre-dated the arrival of Islam should also be respected and followed.

) Jackson ( 2002 ) argued against the " fiction " of a strict traditionalist / rationalist dichotomy, and asserted instead that traditionalism and rationalism, in the Islamic context, should be regarded as " different traditions of reason.

Critics and opponents of integralism argue that the movement can be associated with fascism ( especially in Latin America ), although there exist deep points of disagreement: integralism stresses trade unionism and localism while fascism defends a centralist state ; the traditionalist and Catholic foundation of integralist ideas against the often secular and anti-clerical, and modernist philosophical basis of fascism.

However, since Roman Catholics in general consider themselves to be " traditional " in the sense of being faithful to historical Catholic teaching, the term " traditionalist Catholics " is used in this article as a means of clearly distinguishing them from other Roman Catholics.

Some leaders of Independent Catholic Churches also claim to be traditionalist Catholics and to be preserving the Tridentine Mass and ancient traditions.

The playwright, expressionist poet and philosopher Lucian Blaga can be cited as a member of the traditionalist group and the literary critic founder of the literary circle and cultural journal Sburătorul, Eugen Lovinescu, represents the so-called Westernizing group, which sought to bring Romanian culture closer to Western European culture.

Orwell, though a non-practising member of the Church of England, ' was sufficiently a traditionalist to wish to be married in it.

Gagne was a former amateur-wrestling champion who had earned a spot on the U. S. team at the 1948 Summer Olympics ; he ran the AWA with a traditionalist sensibility, firmly believing that sound technical wrestling — not flashy " sports entertainment "— should be the basis of a pro-wrestling company.

In the view of some traditionalist Catholics, Jews are believed to be damned unless they convert to Christianity.

Grimké continues by directly responding to Beecher ’ s traditionalist argument on the place of women in all spheres of human activity: “ I believe it is the woman ’ s right to have a voice in all the laws and regulations by which she is to be governed, whether in Church or State: and that the present arrangements of society, on these points, are a violation of human rights, a rank usurpation of power, a violent seizure and confiscation of what is sacredly and inalienably hers .”

Ideas in ( or alleged to be in ) those works also have come under attack from traditionalist / conservative / Wahhabi Muslims.

Although syncretism still seems to be prevalent, in recent years the lessening of religious and racial prejudices has given rise to a " traditionalist " movement in Candomblé, that rejects the Christian elements and seeks to recreate a " pure " cult based exclusively in Africa.

In the 1920s, the Contimporanul leadership had sustained a xenophobic attack from the traditionalist review Ţara Noastră.

Lydia Sam, a Natchez-Cherokee traditionalist, was the first to dance with tin, condensed milk can leg shackles in the 1920s.

Another schism in the Conservative ranks, this time from the movement's right wing, would come when a number of the traditionalist Rabbis led by JTS Talmudics professor David Weiss Halivni split from the United Synagogue to form the Union for Traditional Judaism.

The legacies of the modernist school, such as historian Lo Hsiang-lin ( 1906 – 1978 ) and the traditionalist school, as represented by historian Chien Mu ( 1895 – 1990 ) remain strong in Chinese circles.

* The traditionalist view that the epistle is written by Paul is supported by scholars that include Ezra Abbot, Asting, Gaugler, Grant, Harnack, Haupt, Fenton John Anthony Hort, Klijn, Johann David Michaelis, A. Robert, and André Feuillet, Sanders, Schille, Brooke Foss Westcott, and Theodor Zahn.

Orwell liked to provoke argument by challenging the status quo, but he was also a traditionalist with a love of old English values.

Most of the album was traditionalist country, influenced in part by George Strait.

The name of George Fox is often invoked by traditionalist Friends who dislike modern liberal attitudes to the Society's Christian origins.

These pronunciations are still used in synagogue ritual and religious study, in Israel and elsewhere, mostly by people who are not native speakers of Hebrew, though some traditionalist Israelis are bi-dialectal.

Maimonides's Mishneh Torah is considered by traditionalist Jews even today as one of the chief authoritative codifications of Jewish law and ethics.

In 1981, when still Labour's Education spokesman, Kinnock was alleged to have effectively scuppered Tony Benn's attempt to replace Denis Healey as Labour's deputy leader by first supporting the candidacy of the more traditionalist Tribunite John Silkin and then urging Silkin supporters to abstain on the second, run-off, ballot.

A traditionalist Catholic belief claims the existence of a Papal Oath sworn, at their coronation, by all popes from Pope Agatho to Pope Paul VI, but which since the abolition of the coronation ceremony is no longer used.

Accordingly, many dioceses, though only a minority, schedule some regular Masses celebrated using the 1962 edition, which is also used habitually by priests of traditionalist fraternities such as the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter and the Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney.

skinheads — influenced by the 1970s punk subculture — often have shorter hair than 1960s-style skinheads, and tend to wear higher boots, tighter jeans, and clothing styles that are less mod-influenced than their traditionalist counterparts.

Like other traditionalist Catholics, sedevacantists criticize liturgical revisions made by the Holy See since the Second Vatican Council:

Here, the concept of adherence tradition is embodied by the political philosophy of traditionalist conservatism ( or simply traditionalism ), which emphasizes the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order, hierarchy and organic unity, agrarianism, classicism and high culture, and the intersecting spheres of loyalty.

This day is still observed as his feast day by traditionalist Catholics Mass.

Raeder was described as an ultra-conservative by the American historian Charles Thomas, who wrote that Raeder's core values were authoritarian, traditionalist and devoutly Lutheran.

* Notre Dame de la Salette Boys Academy, traditionalist Catholic school administered by the Society of Saint Pius X.