In marsupials and placental mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as transverse processes.

The transverse processes are long and slender.

The fifth lumbar vertebra is characterized by its body being much deeper in front than behind, which accords with the prominence of the sacrovertebral articulation ; by the smaller size of its spinous process ; by the wide interval between the inferior articular processes, and by the thickness of its transverse processes, which spring from the body as well as from the pedicles.

The vertebral arch is formed by a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes, four articular, two transverse, and one spinous, the latter also being known as the neural spine.

Two transverse processes and one spinous process are posterior to ( behind ) the vertebral body.

The twelve ( 12 ) thoracic bones and their transverse processes have surfaces that articulate with the ribs.

On either side of the spinous processes is the vertebral groove formed by the laminae in the cervical and lumbar regions, where it is shallow, and by the laminae and transverse processes in the thoracic region, where it is deep and broad ; these grooves lodge the deep muscles of the back.

Lateral to the vertebral grooves are the articular processes, and still more laterally the transverse processes.

In the thoracic region, the transverse processes stand backward, on a plane considerably behind that of the same processes in the cervical and lumbar regions.

In the cervical region, the transverse processes are placed in front of the articular processes, lateral to the pedicles and between the intervertebral foramina.

The lateral surfaces are separated from the posterior surface by the articular processes in the cervical and lumbar regions, and by the transverse processes in the thoracic region.

They transmit the special spinal nerves and are situated between the transverse processes in the cervical region, and in front of them in the thoracic and lumbar regions.

The transverse processes are very small, and each ends in a single tubercle ; each is perforated by the transverse foramen, which is directed obliquely upward and laterally.

The superior articular surfaces are round, slightly convex, directed upward and laterally, and are supported on the body, pedicles, and transverse processes.

During this part of its course, it lies in front of the transverse processes of the upper three cervical vertebrae.

As pictured, the lamina is a posterior arch of the vertebral bone lying between the spinous process, which juts out in the midline, and the more lateral pedicles and transverse processes of each vertebra.

Levator scapulae originates from the dorsal tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae one to four.

Electromagnetic radiation is a transverse wave, meaning that the oscillations of the waves are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer and travel.

In a typical wooden sailboat, the hull is constructed of wooden planking, supported by transverse frames ( often referred to as ribs ) and bulkheads, which are further tied together by longitudinal stringers or ceiling.

The asymptotes of the hyperbola ( red curves ) are shown as blue dashed lines and intersect at the center of the hyperbola, C. The two focal points are labeled F < sub > 1 </ sub > and F < sub > 2 </ sub >, and the thin black line joining them is the transverse axis.

The two thick black lines parallel to the conjugate axis ( thus, perpendicular to the transverse axis ) are the two directrices, D < sub > 1 </ sub > and D < sub > 2 </ sub >.

The two vertices are located on the transverse axis at ± a relative to the center.

So the parameters are: a — distance from center C to either vertex b — length of a perpendicular segment from each vertex to the asymptotes c — distance from center C to either Focus point, F < sub > 1 </ sub > and F < sub > 2 </ sub >, and θ — angle formed by each asymptote with the transverse axis.

Outside of the transverse axis but on the same line are the two focal points ( foci ) of the hyperbola.

Consistent with the symmetry of the hyperbola, if the transverse axis is aligned with the x-axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, the slopes of the asymptotes are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, ±, where b = a × tan ( θ ) and where θ is the angle between the transverse axis and either asymptote.

However, longitudinal waves by necessity have only one form for a given propagation direction, rather than two polarizations as in a transverse wave, and thus they were unable to explain the phenomenon of birefringence, where two polarizations of light are refracted differently by a crystal.

These models had to agree with the fact that the electromagnetic waves are transverse but never longitudinal.

) There are variants of μSR, e. g. muon spin rotation, which is affected by the presence of a magnetic field applied transverse to the muon beam direction ( since muons are typically produced in a spin-polarized state from the decay of pions ), and avoided level crossing ( ALC ), which is also called level crossing resonance ( LCR ).

They generally provide great compressive strength, and are best suited to structures with light transverse loading when the cores remain unfilled.

In such coordinates the radial and transverse components of the acceleration are, respectively:

They are characterised by robust craniodental anatomy, including gorilla-like cranial crests, which suggest strong muscles of mastication, without the transverse cranial crest also present on modern gorillas.

They are deeply fragmented by longitudinal and transverse valleys and crossed by several major rivers.

One difference is the guitar string exists in 3 dimensions, so that there are only two dimensions transverse to the string.

S-waves, also called shear or secondary waves, are transverse waves that involve motion perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

They are transverse epithelial ridges and their function is to provide the vagina with increased surface area for extension and stretching.

While mechanical waves can be both transverse and longitudinal, all electromagnetic waves are transverse.

For example when a violin string is displaced, transverse waves propagate out to where the string is held in place at the bridge and the nut, where the waves are reflected back.

* Ripples on the surface of a pond are actually a combination of transverse and longitudinal waves ; therefore, the points on the surface follow orbital paths.

A caecilian's skin has a large number of transverse folds and in some species contains tiny embedded dermal scales.

Tomography has been one of the pillars of radiologic diagnostics until the late 1970s, when the availability of minicomputers and of the transverse axial scanning method gradually supplanted it as the modality of CT. Transverse axial scanning was due in large part to the work of Godfrey Hounsfield and South African-born Allan McLeod Cormack.

Perhaps more to the point, there is a very large difference between the transverse bulkheads in Chinese construction, which offer no longitudinal strengthening, and the longitudinal members which Brunel adopted, almost certainly inspired by the bridge engineering in which he and his contemporaries in iron shipbuilding innovation were most versed.

; Ribbed moraines: large subglacial elongated hills transverse to former ice flow.

Their bases survive throughout all of their length, and their height in some places reaches 7 meters, slightly below the original height, which is estimated at 9, 10 m. The thickness of the wall is very large, usually reaches the 6 meters, while at the points that are opened the famous tunnels up to 17 m. A strong transverse wall is separating the acropolis in two sections-the south includes the palatial buildings, while the northern protects only the top of the hill area.

In addition, their rostral sawteeth have prominent transverse ridges on the basal ledges, and the large teeth have posterior serrations.

Their rostral sawteeth lack prominent transverse ridges on the basal ledges, and the large teeth are not posteriorly serrated.

The daegeum ( large transverse flute ), piri ( cylindrical oboe ) and grass flute are all called wind folk.

They often involve large portions of the ascending and transverse aortic arch, the abdominal aorta, or less frequently the iliac arteries.

Teiids can be distinguished from other lizards by the following characteristics: they have large rectangular scales that form distinct transverse rows ventrally and generally small granular scales dorsally, they have head scales that are separate from the skull bones, and the teiid teeth are solid at the base and " glued " to the jaw bones.

In 2016 the Falcon may be replaced by a large car platform that is to be built for all world markets, which could be either a global rear-wheel-drive platform ( shared with Mustang ) or a transverse front-wheel-drive platform ( shared with Mondeo and Taurus ), a decision on that will be made in 2012.

As a large number of transverse passes or trying to play out an established defense with short passes and combinations increases the chance of a breakdown against, often in dangerous positions, his strategy was to make long passes against an established defense when no direct path forwards could be found.

The Russian stolbovki needed a very large center post which was sunk into the ground and supported the transverse pole.

The secant, ellipsoidal form of the transverse Mercator is the most widely applied of all projections for accurate large scale maps.

The tailfins were each topped with three transverse chrome strips, and a large horizontal emblem containing a round plastic " V200 " callout was centred in the deck lid's spare-tire stamping.

Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare condition when pain occurs due to transposition of a loop of large intestine ( usually transverse colon ) in between the diaphragm and the liver, visible on plain abdominal X-ray or chest X-ray.

The Omni and Horizon were the first front-wheel drive cars in the Dodge and Plymouth lineup, the first front-wheel drive transverse engine production car in the North American market, and among the first American built front-wheel drive cars to sell in large numbers.

The 2003 Texas indicated: " The majority of studies found reported large reductions ( 40 percent to 100 percent ) of accidents after installing transverse rumble strips.

The cookiecutter shark has a short, rounded head with large, anteriorly placed eyes and a transverse mouth.

* Futtocks: Pieces of timber that make up a large transverse frame.

This includes diseases of the oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, the ileo-cecal complex, large intestine ( ascending, transverse, and descending colon ), sigmoid colon, and rectum.

Four large nuchals forming a square, with a smaller one on each side ; two pairs of smaller nuchals on a transverse series behind the occiput.

These measurements are used at trigger level to identify the particles with large transverse momentum ( high-Pt particles ).

In practice, semiconductors can show clear conductance quantization for large wire transverse dimensions (~ 100 nm ) because the electronic modes due to confinement are spatially extended.