The principal legacy of the Cathar movement is in the poems and songs of the Cathar troubadors, though this artistic legacy is only a smaller part of the wider Occitan linguistic and artistic heritage.

In the 19th century here grew up in Santiago de Cuba a group of itinerant musicians, troubadors, who moved around earning their living by singing and playing the guitar.

Greek scholar Socrates Kougeas ( Σωκράτης Κουγέας ) dates the earliest reference to oral epics of the 10th century to a speech given by bishop Arethas of Caesaria condemning the local αγύρται ( agyrtae-the Greek counterpart of French troubadors ) of Paphlagonia for glorifying violent acts instead of the saints and God.

These troubadors were later influenced by Europe's instruments: piano and accordion.

The harp also was predominant with medieval bards, troubadors and minnesingers throughout the Spanish Empire.

The Monferrine court was Occitan in its literary culture, and provided patronage to numerous troubadors.

Trend acknowledges that the troubadors derived their sense of form and the subject matter of their poetry from Andalusia.

Meg Bogin, English translator of the female troubadors, also held this hypothesis.

Shocked with the sound from the accordion, troubadors probably obtained later on accordions from Aruba and Curaçao.

Trend acknowledges that the troubadors derived their sense of form and the subject matter of their poetry from Andalusia.

Meg Bogin, English translator of the female troubadors, also held this hypothesis.

After the lukewarm reception of his choral work The Cloud Messenger in 1912, Holst was again off travelling, financing a trip to Spain with fellow composers Balfour Gardiner and brothers Clifford and Arnold Bax with funds from an anonymous donation.

A backstage comedy set among the world of small-time travelling performers, it featured Giulietta Masina and Lattuada ’ s wife, Carla del Poggio.

At the same time, travelling virtuoso performers such as the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart would write concerti that showed off their skills, and they would travel from town to town, arranging concerts along the way.

A circus is commonly a travelling company of performers that may include clowns, acrobats, trained animals, trapeze acts, musicians, hoopers, tightrope walkers, jugglers, unicyclists and other stunt-oriented artists.

Animal trainers and performers are thought to have exploited the nostalgia for the Roman circus, travelling between towns and performing at local fairs.

Some of Helen's suitors were not included, whereas a travelling company of performers called The Funnybones was introduced.

There is also The Macphail Centre which has a theatre hosting a regular programme of musical, dance and theatrical performances, many by the Scottish national companies but some work from smaller reps and travelling Edinburgh Fringe performers.

He first met his co-writers and performers in his late teens at Bretton Hall, Yorkshire, a drama school which he attended after finishing school and having spent a gap year travelling around Europe.

Biwa hōshi (), also known as " lute priests " were travelling performers in the era of Japanese history preceding the Meiji period.

Lewis Gilbert was born in Hackney, London on 6 March 1920 as the son to a second-generation family of music hall performers, and spent his early years travelling with his parents, and watching the shows from the side of the stage.

They returned for year 21 in 2012 and, despite almost leaving the stage on one or two occasions because of drinks thrown to / at the stage ( a common trait of Scottish rock and punk crowds, ironically showing they are enjoying themselves and not, as one may initially think, that they are upset with the performance or performers ) they are expected to return the band will return in 2013 for their 22nd St Patricks Performance at the Barrowlands, with their committed fans travelling from far and wide to be there.

* Biwa hōshi ( 法師 ), travelling performers in the era of Japanese history preceding the Meiji period

Of particular interest in the Townshend interview is his description of the genesis of the Circus project, which he claims was initially meant to involve the performers travelling across the United States via train ( a concept used for a short concert series in Canada that was later documented in the feature film Festival Express ).

It will open with a Fire Party, and will include the largest moving multi-ethnic performances, first travelling dance competition within the parade, a spectacular finale where thousands of performers will flood the parade ground holding candle lights and an inaugural colourful Arts District / Carnival.

Described by Bowie as " Ziggy goes to America ", it contained songs he wrote while travelling to and across the United States during the earlier part of the Ziggy tour, which now continued to Japan to promote the new album.

The songs depicted Luke the Drifter travelling around from place to place, narrating stories from different characters and philosophizing about life.

Delta Bluesmen also typically sang songs in the first person about sexuality, the travelling lifestyle and the tribulations resulting from leading this lifestyle.

The roots of nueva canción are in artists like Violeta Parra and Argentinian singer Atahualpa Yupanqui, who collected indigenous songs from rural payadores and helped revitalize the music of these travelling poets and singers.

By the time he had completed high school, Young was playing and writing songs that incorporated influences of folk, blues, country and gospel that he absorbed while travelling throughout the South.

The lyrics are often melancholic and related to the sea or travelling or absence, continuing a tradition of songs dating back to Medieval times ( with obvious connection to cantigas de amigo among others ).

At the early age of four, Penner began making up songs while travelling on the bus with his mother.

By singing the songs in the appropriate sequence, Indigenous people could navigate vast distances, often travelling through the deserts of Australia's interior.

These ancient traditions of music have been kept alive by small bands of musicians travelling from village to village to entertain at weddings and other social events with their songs, tales, and poetry.

" I think it ’ s really great that the guys are travelling around playing all those songs to a lot of happy fans.

He made his living in the Champagne by travelling from castle to castle singing songs of his own composition and playing the vielle.

Many were sold by travelling chapmen in city streets and at fairs or by balladeers, who sang the songs printed on their broadsides in an attempt to attract custom.

There was a lot of travelling along the Danube river, with travelling bards ( Minnesänger ) bringing news and new songs.

Cheney began racing motocross and became one Britain's best riders, along with his travelling companion Les Archer, who went on to become European champion.

After travelling to Paris for a script conference with Rossellini on Europa ' 51, Fellini began production on The White Sheik in September 1951, his first solo-directed feature.

Led Zeppelin began travelling in a private jet airliner ( nicknamed The Starship ), rented out entire sections of hotels ( including the Continental Hyatt House in Los Angeles, known colloquially as the " Riot House "), and became the subject of frequently repeated stories of debauchery.

The march south began on 1 November 1911, a caravan of mixed transport groups ( motors, dogs, horses ), with loaded sledges, travelling at different rates, all designed to support a final group of four men who would make a dash for the Pole.

In 1963, the BBC began production of the longest-running science-fiction television series ever, Doctor Who, about a time travelling alien called the Doctor.

Large numbers travelling to quiet fishing villages such as Worthing, Brighton, Morecambe and Scarborough began turning them into major tourist centres, and people like Thomas Cook saw tourism and even overseas travel as viable businesses.

In 1950, Warner Brothers employee and ex-Kodak researcher Arthur Widmer began working on an ultraviolet travelling matte process.

He developed an infatuation with Ireland and began travelling extensively there.

Shortly after John became king, de Gray began travelling between England and the continent on royal business, and for the first two years of John's reign was active in the royal chancery, sealing royal charters.

More trials followed, the last on 19 April when, travelling at a speed of around 50 kph ( 30 mph ), the aircraft left the ground, Blériot over-responded when the nose began to rise, and the machine hit the ground nose – first, and somersaulted.

This led to somewhat extended journey times which meant the service lacked any real purpose, as the faster services began calling at Gatwick Airport from the early 1970s, and made the option of travelling to Gatwick from London on the service lack appeal to those who knew better.

Following a major retrospective in the early 1970s, Riley began travelling extensively.

They began travelling throughout South America.

As a young man he began his life of travelling, living in Chicago, where he worked with Georgia Tom, and in Indianapolis, Indiana, where he met Scrapper Blackwell and Leroy Carr.

Thum began with an analysis of the content of Walther ’ s work, especially of his crusade appeal, also known as “ old age elegy ”, and concluded that Walther ’ s birthplace was far away from all travelling routes of this time and within a region where land was still cleared.

Initially, he began working for a country wine merchant, travelling to Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

She began travelling around the world, living as an artist and author in Moscow and Berlin, in addition to Vienna.

Seeking relief from the onerous travelling to the Birmingham area, Rhyl successfully applied to join the Cheshire County League in 1936 and began one of the most successful chapters in the club's history.

After studying at Eton until 1964 he returned to Nepal where he began to explore the country by travelling incognito to remote parts of the country where he lived on whatever was available in the villages and monasteries.

In 1490 he entered the Franciscan order, and in 1495 began travelling, studying and then teaching and preaching in Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Paris, Kraków and Strasbourg itself.

Tapping a wave of anger and opposition against Ayub, Bhutto began travelling across the country to deliver political speeches.

Bonga's " Mona Ki Ngi Xica " ( 1972 ) earned him an arrest warrant, and he began travelling between Germany, France and Belgium until Angola gained independence in 1975.

Abbott began practising on the Oxford Circuit ; while travelling there he had a fall from his horse, which broke his leg in two places and left him permanently lame.

O ' Connor began to spend a large part of his time travelling through the northern and midland districts, addressing huge meetings, denouncing the New Poor Law, and advocating the " Five Cardinal Points of Radicalism ".