* Architectural rendering, creating two-dimensional images or animations showing the attributes of a proposed architectural design

2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images — mostly from two-dimensional models ( such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images ) and by techniques specific to them.

Grayscale images, for example, are often represented as two-dimensional arrays ( or matrices ) of real numbers representing the relative intensities of pixels ( picture elements ) located at the intersections of row and column sample locations.

For two-dimensional signals, e. g., images, the spectrum is reciprocal to f < sup > 2 </ sup >.

Digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation.

The computer can generate a three-dimensional picture of a specimen by assembling a stack of these two-dimensional images from successive focal planes.

This feat showed artists vividly how they might paint their images, not merely as flat two-dimensional shapes, but looking more like three-dimensional structures just as mirrors reflect them.

Binary images can be interpreted as subsets of the two-dimensional integer lattice Z < sup > 2 </ sup >; the field of morphological image processing was largely inspired by this view.

An oblique projection is a simple type of graphical projection used for producing pictorial, two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects:

The biggest technological change to the Dreamcast port was to render all of the game's stages in full 3D polygons, whereas the far backgrounds in the arcade original were flat, two-dimensional images.

These two-dimensional images are then combined in the brain to give the perception of 3D depth.

Stereoscopy creates the illusion of three-dimensional depth from images on a two-dimensional plane.

All the above cues, with the exception of the first two, are present in traditional two-dimensional images such as paintings, photographs, and television.

Then, gamma cameras capture and form two-dimensional images from the radiation emitted by the radiopharmaceuticals.

Photographs capturing perspective are two-dimensional images that often illustrate the illusion of depth.

The image to the left shows sample images from this dataset ( to save space, not all input images are shown ), and a plot of the two-dimensional points that results from using a NLDR algorithm ( in this case, Manifold Sculpting was used ) to reduce the data into just two dimensions.

) Echocardiography uses standard two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and Doppler ultrasound to create images of the heart

It is the quantitative or qualitative characterization of two-dimensional ( 2D ) or three-dimensional ( 3D ) digital images.

* 2D: Scintigraphy (" scint ") is the use of internal radionuclides to create two-dimensional images.

Digitizing is the primary way of storing images in a form suitable for transmission and computer processing, whether scanned from two-dimensional analog originals or captured using an image sensor-equipped device such as a digital camera, tomographical instrument such as a CAT scanner, or acquiring precise dimensions from a real-world object, such as a car, using a 3D scanning device.

All images are represented on a two-dimensional surface.

Oblique projection is a simple type of graphical projection used for producing pictorial, two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects.

Camera matching, photogrammetry, and photo rectification techniques are used to create three dimensional and top-down views from the two-dimensional photos typically taken at an accident scene.

Lift coefficient is also used to refer to the dynamic lift characteristics of a two-dimensional foil section, whereby the reference area is taken as the foil chord.

The Fourier transform ( a one-dimensional function ) of the resulting signal is taken as the window is slid along the time axis, resulting in a two-dimensional representation of the signal.

This phenomenon has been studied in the case of a two-dimensional gas in some detail, analyzing the time taken to relax to equilibrium.

Over the following decade Klug used methods from X-ray diffraction, microscopy and structural modelling to develop crystallographic electron microscopy in which a sequence of two-dimensional images of crystals taken from different angles are combined to produce three-dimensional images of the target.

In mathematics, computer science and graph theory, a distance matrix is a matrix ( two-dimensional array ) containing the distances, taken pairwise, of a set of points.

Scintigraphy (" scint ," Latin scintilla, spark ) is a form of diagnostic test used in nuclear medicine, wherein radioisotopes ( here called radiopharmaceuticals ) are taken internally, and the emitted radiation is captured by external detectors ( gamma cameras ) to form two-dimensional images.

The Potts model consists of spins that are placed on a lattice ; the lattice is usually taken to be a two-dimensional rectangular Euclidean lattice, but is often generalized to other dimensions or other lattices.

The term GUI is restricted to the scope of two-dimensional display screens with display resolutions able to describe generic information, in the tradition of the computer science research at the PARC ( Palo Alto Research Center ).

In a larger and more speculative sense, the theory suggests that the entire universe can be seen as a two-dimensional information structure " painted " on the cosmological horizon, such that the three dimensions we observe are only an effective description at macroscopic scales and at low energies.

The Nobel Prize for Physics in 2010 was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov while at Radboud University " for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene.

Properties of surface chemicals can be investigated by measuring pressure / area isotherms, as the two-dimensional analog of Boyle's law,, at constant temperature.

For example, the surface of the Earth is ( ideally ) a two-dimensional sphere, and latitude and longitude provide two-dimensional coordinates on it ( except at the poles and along the 180th meridian ).

These, and the HEMTs ( high electron mobility transistors, or HFETs ), in which a two-dimensional electron gas with very high carrier mobility is used for charge transport, are especially suitable for use at very high frequencies ( microwave frequencies ; several GHz ).

In mountainous areas ( or near rivers in mountainous areas ), the main aquifers are typically unconsolidated alluvium, composed of mostly horizontal layers of materials deposited by water processes ( rivers and streams ), which in cross-section ( looking at a two-dimensional slice of the aquifer ) appear to be layers of alternating coarse and fine materials.

The axis of symmetry of a two-dimensional figure is a line such that, if a perpendicular is constructed, any two points lying on the perpendicular at equal distances from the axis of symmetry are identical.

In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional drawings, the objects can be described by at least one view plus material thickness note, 2, 3 or as many views and sections that are required to show all features of object.

An impossible object ( also known as an impossible figure or an undecidable figure ) is a type of optical illusion consisting of a two-dimensional figure which is instantly and subconsciously interpreted by the visual system as representing a projection of a three-dimensional object although it is not geometrically possible for such an object to exist ( at least not in the form interpreted by the visual system ).

One my then look at two electrons as the two dimensional atom where the simultaneous ionization of both is just an ionization of one two-dimensional electron which results in jets of probability in 45 ° direction on the two-electron plane emitted from the multiply charged nucleus or the square center.

Space Invaders is a two-dimensional fixed shooter game in which the player controls a laser cannon by moving it horizontally across the bottom of the screen and firing at descending aliens.

In geometry, a solid angle ( symbol: Ω ) is the two-dimensional angle in three-dimensional space that an object subtends at a point.

Author Marc Scott Zicree, who spent years researching for his book, The Twilight Zone Companion, noted: " Sometimes the situations were clichéd, the characters two-dimensional, but always there was at least some search for an emotional truth, some attempt to make a statement on the human condition.

The second aircraft was cleared to descend to 2, 200 feet using a two-dimensional RADAR approach when it hit Bald Mountain at an elevation of 1, 200 feet.

Based on the commercial success of Pixar's computer-generated animated films and other CGI fare ( especially Dreamworks ' Shrek, which contained numerous jabs at Katzenberg's former workplace and boss ), Disney came to believe that CGI was what the public wanted — so it ceased producing traditional two-dimensional animation after Home on the Range, and switched exclusively to CGI starting with 2005's Chicken Little.

After Disney's acquisition of Pixar in 2006, Pixar executive producer John Lasseter became Chief Creative Officer at both Pixar and Disney, with a plan to reintroduce two-dimensional animation, starting with The Princess and the Frog in 2009.

To construct a dot-matrix plot, the two sequences are written along the top row and leftmost column of a two-dimensional matrix and a dot is placed at any point where the characters in the appropriate columns match — this is a typical recurrence plot.

Assume for a two-dimensional turbulent flow that one was able to locate a specific point in the fluid and measure the actual velocity of every particle that passed through that point at any given time.

For instance, a "< big > b </ big >" and a "< big > d </ big >" have a different shape, at least when they are constrained to move within a two-dimensional space like the page on which they are written.