A fan wrote in explaining who the original Uhlans were, and wisecracked that because regiments of uhlans existed in the armies of many countries, Roman uhlans could be " Rom Uhlans ".

In addition, the Polish uhlans, or ułani as they were called in their native tongue, introduced a new uniform style composed of a colourful jacket with a coloured panel in the front, dark trousers with colourful stripes on the sides and a high, pointed cap called czapka ( often rendered chapska in English ).

The new formation of uhlans proved to be not only fast and effective, but also very influential: during the Napoleonic Wars the uhlans of the Duchy of Warsaw were among the most effective cavalry units and by the end of that period most of European states copied both their tactics and their uniforms.

While cavalry carrying this weapon were usually specifically designated as lancers or uhlans, in some instances the front rank troopers of hussar or dragoon regiments were also armed with lances.

The traditions of the Polish uhlans were preserved during the Kingdom of Poland.

There were eleven regiments of uhlans ( spelt " Ulan ") in the Austro-Hungarian cavalry, largely recruited in the Polish speaking parts of the Empire.

As noted above, the uhlans of the Imperial German Army were disbanded at the end of World War I.

This article details the evolution of Polish cavalry tactics, traditions and arms from the times of mounted knights and heavy winged hussars, through the times of light uhlans to mounted infantry equipped with ranged and mêlée weapons.

Initially light cavalry companies formed by Polish Tatars ( the very word ulan came from Lithuanian Tartar surname that might have come from an honorific name for a young, skilled warrior known as oglan ) for one of the magantes, Sapieha, the uhlans joined the forces of Augustus der Starke, the king of Poland-Lithuania-Saxony, and in early 1740s 18th century the first uhlan ' pulks ' ( regiments )-known as uhlans-were formed for his son, king Augustus III.

His unit was formed of four cavalry platoons: one of Cossack light cavalry, one of hussars, one of uhlans and one of dragoons.

In initial cavalry skirmishes in France this antique weapon proved ineffective, German uhlans being " hampered by their long lances and a good many threw them away ".

The early 18th century saw the creation of yet another cavalry formation that influenced most European armies of the time: the uhlans.

Because German hussar, dragoon and cuirassier regiments also carried lances in 1914 there was a tendency among their French and British opponents to describe all German cavalry as " uhlans ".

The lance carried by the uhlans ( and after 1889 the entire German cavalry branch ) consisted of a 318 cm ( ten foot and five inch ) long tube made of rolled steel-plate, weighing 1. 6 kg ( three pound and nine ounces ).

There was however one last opportunity for traditional glory when on 21 August 1914 the uhlans and dragoons of the 4. Kavalleriedivision clashed with their counterparts of the Imperial Russian 10th Cavalry Division in classic cavalry style at the Battle of Jaroslavice.

Behind the Cossacks and uhlans came the Dnieper Regiment along with the artillery.

Charge of the Polish uhlans at the city of Poznań during the November Uprising 1831

At the Battle of Custoza during the Third Italian War of Independence Italian bersaglieri formed squares at Villafranca to defend themselves from charging Austrian uhlans.

From the first announcement of the impending arrival of Prussian uhlans at the city gates, Parisians refused to capitulate.

In its early, compact form from 1784 onwards the Czapka was introduced by Austrian uhlans, during the time Galicia was under Habsburg rule.

After the decisive charges of Polish uhlans, the battle resulted in a French victory.

In the dark dawn, a squadron of Russian Cossacks, followed by a host of uhlans, rode slowly towards the village.

At the end of the Napoleonic Wars the czapka continued to be worn by uhlans in Germany and Austria, as well as in France by Line-Regiment Lancers and later the Imperial Guard of Napoleon III.

German and Austro-Hungarian uhlans wore the czapka during the First World War, though it ceased to be worn for field uniform after the adoption of the " Stahlhelm " steel helmet in 1916.

File: Charge polonaise à Somosierra 2. jpg | Polish uhlans charge through Somosierra Pass-Battle of Somosierra

It was, I felt, possible that they were men who, having received no tickets for that day, had remained in the hall, to sleep perhaps, in the corners farthest removed from the counter with its overhead light.

This light did not penetrate very far back into the hall, and my eyes were hindered rather than aided by the dim daylight entering through the fan vents when I tried to pick out whatever might be lying, or squatting, on the floor below.

In light of all this, one would require special reasons for saying that the paths of the heavenly bodies were other than circular.

Apparently you were the light of their lives ''.

They were climbing the hill in the night when the headlights abruptly probed solid blackness, became two parallel luminous tubes which broadened out into a faint mist of light and ended.

They were always leaping to light cigarettes, open car doors, fill plates or glasses, and I mistrusted the whole lot of them to the same degree that I mistrusted bake shops that called themselves `` Sanitary Bake Shops ''.

The round cells were reproducibly positioned in the light beam which entered the thermostated mineral oil-bath through a window.

Two types of light source were used, a thousand watt projection lamp and an AH6 high pressure mercury arc.

Relative incident light intensities were measured with a thermopile potentiometer system.

Changes of intensity on the cell were achieved by use of a wire screen and by varying the distance of the light source from the cell.

Some 80 reaction tubes from 13 manifold fillings were illuminated in the temperature range from 40 to 85-degrees in a further endeavor to determine the cause of the irreproducibility and to obtain information on the activation energy and the effect of light intensity.

The older scales were based on theoretical estimates of the conversion efficiency of kinetic energy into light.

In the indirect method, this was evident from the fact that tumor sections were stained light green even when stained with NS and Af or with Af only.

After the first two were blacked out, the third light was abandoned by a terrified Italian crew, who left their light to shine for nine minutes like an unerring homing beacon until British MP's shot it out.

Merchant ships illuminated in the light of the flares, made to seem like stones imbedded in a lake of polished mud, were impossible to miss.

Most of the Junkers were above the blinding light of the flares, and the radar-controlled shore gun had been knocked out by one of the first sticks of bombs.

There were two front rooms, both dark behind their transoms, and there was no sound or light in the entire house to indicate that any of the occupants were awake.

-- those were His very first creative words -- He began the world with light -- this God still gives light to a world which man has plunged into darkness.

But actually these accounts reveal the supernatural powers that the masters were in fact supposed to possess, as well as the extreme degree of popular credulity: `` Hwang Pah ( O Baku ), one day going up Mount Tien Tai which was believed to have been inhabited by Arhats with supernatural powers, met with a monk whose eyes emitted strange light.

Clever light songs were overly coy, tragic songs a little too melodramatic.

The birds were really awake now in a colloquy of music, and light was beginning to creep across the room, touching sill and door, table and chair and all of Doaty's flowers in their artificial blossom and leaf.

`` And also, sir, two articles which were considered souvenirs now must be regarded in another light entirely.