Because of this, breaking a cryptosystem is not restricted to breaking the underlying cryptographic algorithms-usually it is far easier to break the system as a whole, e. g., through the not uncommon misconceptions of users in respect to the cryptosystem.

In all cases, the underlying principle is that physical effects caused by the operation of a cryptosystem ( on the side ) can provide useful extra information about secrets in the system, for example, the cryptographic key, partial state information, full or partial plaintexts and so forth.

which is the underlying ring in which the cryptosystem works.

According to the theory underlying odd-lot indices, the trader who trades odd lots is most likely a small trader, one who can't afford to trade round lots.

The Mathematical Appendix presents the rigorous argument, but is best read after Part 1, in order that the assumptions underlying the equations may be explicit.

The underlying assumption, of course, is that only sight and touch enable us, in any precise and fully dependable way, to locate objects in space beyond us, the other senses being decidedly inferior, if not totally inadequate, in this regard.

To speak of this underlying view of the world is to embark upon matters of subjective judgment.

It is really as though the Russians have seen in this character the oftentimes underlying vitality and courage of supposed buffoons.

An appeal " as of right " is one that is guaranteed by statute or some underlying constitutional or legal principle.

In Heidegger's phenomenology, Dasein is always in a meaningful world, but there is always an underlying background for every instance of signification.

Although single genes have little effect on complex traits and interact heavily both between themselves and with the external factors, research is underway to unravel possible molecular mechanisms underlying anxiety and comorbid conditions.

Central to his behaviour in the later novels is the underlying assumption that particular crimes are only committed by particular types of people.

It receives its name from its soil ( weathered from the weak underlying limestone ), which is black in colour, almost destitute of sand and loam, and rich in limestone and marl formations, especially adapted to the production of cotton ; hence the region is also called the Cotton Belt.

29 .</ ref > This tendency to identify one specific underlying reality made up of a material thing constitutes the bulk of the contributions for which Anaximenes is most famed.

Is there some underlying unity to aesthetic judgment and is there some way to articulate the similarities of a beautiful house, beautiful proof, and beautiful sunset?

Specifically, at speeds of OC-3 and above, the cost of segmentation and reassembly ( SAR ) hardware makes ATM less competitive for IP than Packet Over SONET ( POS ); because of its fixed 48-byte cell payload, ATM is not suitable as a data link layer directly underlying IP ( without the need for SAR at the data link level ) since the OSI layer on which IP operates must provide a maximum transmission unit ( MTU ) of at least 576 bytes.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalizing it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

Eventually what he'd be left with is something similar to a call option on the underlying stock, acquired at a very low price.

The correspondence between these values and the physical states of the underlying storage or device is a matter of convention, and different assignments may be used even within the same device or program.

If X is a Banach space and K is the underlying field ( either the real or the complex numbers ), then K is itself a Banach space ( using the absolute value as norm ) and we can define the continuous dual space as X ′ = B ( X, K ), the space of continuous linear maps into K.

Typically bronze only oxidizes superficially ; once a copper oxide ( eventually becoming copper carbonate ) layer is formed, the underlying metal is protected from further corrosion.

Most scholars hold that the Hebrew text underlying the Septuagint version is older than the Masoretic text and that either the Masoretic evolved either from this vorlage or from a closely related version.

No doubt the underlying idea was to show that for all the elegance and artistry that have distinguished its presentations thus far, it too could give a circus if it pleased.

Though typically accessed by a DBMS through the underlying Operating system ( and often utilizing the operating systems ' File systems as intermediates for storage layout ), storage properties and configuration setting are extremely important for the efficient operation of the DBMS, and thus are closely maintained by database administrators.

Though typically accessed by a DBMS through the underlying Operating system ( and often utilizing the operating systems ' File systems as intermediates for storage layout ), storage properties and configuration setting are extremely important for the efficient operation of the DBMS, and thus are closely maintained by database administrators.

From the back left of the painting you can see the artist himself looking out at the viewer, and the painting behind the family depicts Lot and his daughters, thus once again echoing the underlying message of corruption and gat.

* The Shulchan Aruch HaRav of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi ( c. 1800 ) was an attempt to recodify the law as it stood at that time — incorporating commentaries on the Shulchan Aruch, and subsequent responsa — and thus stating the decided halakha, as well as the underlying reasoning.

This addressed the underlying problem that had caused the Social War decades earlier, where individuals outside Rome and Italy were not considered " Roman ", and thus were not given full citizenship rights.

In the same interview his focus on working people's lives is explained thus: " I think the underlying factors regarding the riots are plain for anyone with eyes to see … It seems to me any economic structure that could give young people a future has been destroyed.

The parties thus are more amenable to understanding the other party's side and work on underlying issues to the dispute.

For Nāgārjuna, as for the Buddha in the early texts, it is not merely sentient beings that are " selfless " or non-substantial ; all phenomena are without any svabhāva, literally " own-being " or " self-nature ", and thus without any underlying essence.

Although Orthodox Jews believe that many elements of current religious law were decreed or added as " fences " around the law by the rabbis, all Orthodox Jews believe that there is an underlying core of Sinaitic law and that this core of the religious laws Orthodox Jews know today is thus directly derived from Sinai and directly reflects the Divine will.

Syncretism may involve the merger and analogising of several originally discrete traditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to other faiths.

( However, in the variety of Iranian underlying Old Persian, fricativization occurs in all clusters, thus Old Persian hafta " seven ".

In the late 1920s, the new quantum mechanics showed that the chemical bonds between atoms were examples of ( quantum ) electrical forces, justifying Dirac's boast that " the underlying physical laws necessary for the mathematical theory of a large part of physics and the whole of chemistry are thus completely known ".

It has no handshaking dialogues, and thus exposes any unreliability of the underlying network protocol to the user's program.

In the related concept of overfitting, excessively complex models are affected by statistical noise ( a problem also known as the bias-variance trade-off ), whereas simpler models may capture the underlying structure better and may thus have better predictive performance.

A property object can be either a built-in property — it is a well-defined property implemented by ADO already and thus cannot be altered — or can be a dynamic property — defined by the underlying data provider and can be changed

The patient's prognosis depends upon the category under which the underlying disorder falls ; depression and anxiety, for example, generally respond well to medication and / or cognitive behavioral therapy, whereas borderline personality disorder, like all personality disorders, is presumed to be pervasive and more stable over time, thus offers the worst or best prognosis.

* Even where political systems exist that deny citizens the right of participation in their government, or seek to conquer weaker peoples, underlying cultural values may be called on to bring the peoples of such states to a realization of the consequences of the acts of their governments, and thus enforce a brake upon discrimination and conquest.

The monarchy has thus been described as the underlying principle of Canada's institutional unity and the monarch as a " guardian of constitutional freedoms " whose " job is to ensure that the political process remains intact and is allowed to function.

In contrast to the underlying sediments of the Ludlow Series which were deposited in a shallow warm sea some 400 million years ago, the Ludlow Bone Bed represents terrestrial ( land ) conditions and thus a fundamental change in the landscape.

The network of rivers thus formed is a drainage system and is often dendritic ( tree-like ), but may adopt other patterns depending on the regional topography and underlying geology.

Larger scene graphs cause linear operations to become noticeably slow and thus more complex underlying data structures are used, the most popular and common form being a tree.

Each unit increase on the logarithmic scale thus represents an exponential increase in the underlying quantity for the given base ( 10, in this case ).

It was determined by a study of a possible Chobham-armour protected MICV that a completely new design using only Chobham armour for the most vulnerable front and side sectors ( thus without an underlying steel main armour ) could be 10 % lighter for the same level of protection against KE-ammunition, but to limit costs it was decided to base the first design on the conventional Chieftain.

Speenhamland has been seen to aggravate the underlying causes of poverty in any particular parish, but more recent research has shown that it helped prevent chronic poverty and malnutrition, thus avoiding declining productivity in the workforce.